Volume 11 | Issue 12

 Abstract

Modern medicine has experienced a benchmark transformation through advanced drug delivery systems, which now boost therapeutic results simultaneously as they minimize systemic damage and improve medicine consumption behavior. Standard drug delivery techniques have several major limitations due to their low drug absorption rate, reliability of drug release, and additional unwanted side effects of the received treatment. The article evaluates novel drug delivery methods offering therapeutic agents' exact delivery through nanocarriers, biodegradable implants, and smart polymer systems. The study combines a literature review with case studies to analyze these methods' performance, biological suitability, and restrictions. The research findings demonstrate how nanocarriers use their ability to improve drug solubility while enabling targeted treatment of specific disease locations, biodegradable implants maintain extended drug delivery patterns, and smart polymers enhance drug delivery through biological response monitoring. Technological achievements demonstrate major potential benefits in the medical care of chronic illnesses, cancer conditions, and disorders affecting the nervous system. The next stage of research development will concentrate on enhancing drug delivery effectiveness while resolving regulatory requirements to achieve clinical market entry.

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Drug Delivery, Nanocarriers Technology, Biodegradable Implants, Smart Polymers, Targeted Therapeutics, Controlled Release

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In this work, an attempt has been made to explore the concept of affect and that of creativity. Then, to find out the relation between the two. It has been found that there is no consensus regarding the nature of the above relation. Finally, an attempt has been made to explore the different ways to encourage creativity among the young minds within classroom situation.

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affect, creativity, relation, encouragement

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Sustainable development represents one of the most pressing challenges of contemporary society, requiring interdisciplinary approaches that integrate environmental, economic, and social considerations. This paper investigates the fundamental role of mathematics in addressing sustainable development challenges through rigorous theoretical frameworks and practical applications. We develop a comprehensive mathematical model that integrates optimization theory, differential equations, and network analysis to evaluate sustainability metrics across multiple dimensions. Our methodology employs a novel Sustainability Optimization Framework (SOF) that combines linear and nonlinear programming techniques with dynamic systems theory to model resource allocation, environmental impact assessment, and socioeconomic development trajectories. The framework introduces new theorems establishing conditions for optimal sustainable equilibria and proves the existence and uniqueness of solutions under specified constraints. Key findings demonstrate that mathematical approaches can reduce resource consumption inefficiencies by up to 34% while maintaining economic growth targets, as validated through simulation studies across diverse development scenarios. Furthermore, we establish rigorous bounds on sustainability indicators and prove convergence properties of iterative optimization algorithms applied to sustainable development problems. The results contribute to the theoretical foundation of sustainability science while providing practical decision-support tools for policymakers. This research bridges the gap between abstract mathematical theory and concrete sustainable development applications, offering both analytical insights and computational methodologies for achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.

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Sustainable development; Mathematical modeling; Optimization theory; Resource allocation; Environmental mathematics; Dynamic systems; Sustainability metrics; Decision theory

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Sanjay Bahadur's Hul: Cry Rebel (2013) revisits the Santhal rebellion of 1855, a pivotal yet historically marginalized uprising against British colonial rule and feudal exploitation in eastern India. This paper examines the novel as a work of historical fiction that reconstructs subaltern resistance while interrogating colonial epistemologies and capitalist modernity. Drawing on Subaltern Studies (Ranajit Guha), postcolonial theory (Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak), Foucauldian notions of power and discipline, and eco-critical perspectives, the paper argues that Bahadur's narrative reclaims indigenous voices erased by colonial historiography. Through a close reading of character arcs, narrative structure, and thematic motifs, the paper demonstrates how the novel foregrounds Adivasi ecological ethics, critiques structures of domination, and reimagines history as a site of resistance. Ultimately, Hul: Cry Rebel emerges as a powerful intervention that bridges past and present struggles over land, identity, and justice.

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Santhal Rebellion of 1855, Historical fiction, Colonial violence, Subaltern resistance, Postcolonial literature, Adivasi identity

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This article examines the complex ethical interplay between 'ends' - the objectives of human action and 'means' - the instruments used to achieve them. The discourse is traditionally framed by the tension between consequentialist and deontological frameworks. Utilitarianism, as proposed by Jeremy Bentham, often suggests that the "end" of social utility justifies the "means," whereas Kant's "Formula of Humanity" mandates that people should never be viewed as merely tools, but rather as ends in and of themselves.

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Ends and Means, Moral Philosophy, Social Cooperation, Human Dignity, Henry Hazlitt, Ethical Frameworks, Instrumental Value, Intrinsic Value.

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Mathematics stands as the crowning discipline of science, its profound impact permeating every facet of modern life. While some may view mathematics solely through the lens of education, its significance extends far beyond the classroom. As the foundation upon which science, engineering, and technology are built, mathematics is an indispensable component of a well-rounded education. A modern educated individual is unlikely to be found without a solid grasp of mathematical concepts and the ability to apply them in everyday life and professional pursuits. The importance of teaching mathematics at all levels of education cannot be overstated, as it is a vital and noble endeavor that underpins the advancement of human knowledge. Beyond its educational significance, mathematics boasts a rich and vibrant research landscape, replete with intriguing unsolved problems that continue to captivate mathematicians and scientists alike. The discipline's unique blend of logical rigor and applicability makes it an attractive field for investigation, with far-reaching implications for various aspects of modern life. As a science, mathematics is distinguished by its reliance on logical reasoning and its pursuit of beauty and harmony. The most profound mathematical results are often those that exhibit elegance and simplicity, with aesthetic considerations playing a significant role in the development of many mathematical proofs. Notably, mathematics defies categorization into distinct "pure" and "applied" realms, instead existing as a unified whole. The interconnectedness of algebra and partial differential equations serves as a testament to this unity, highlighting the fluid boundaries between different mathematical disciplines. This paper aims to explore the recent developments in various mathematical fields and examine their profound impact on modern society, showcasing the discipline's continued relevance and importance in shaping our understanding of the world."

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Mathematics education, optimization, engineering and technology, research component.

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Big data analytics has become an essential driver of innovation in the healthcare sector. The increasing use of electronic health records, wearable devices, medical imaging, and genomic databases has led to the generation of unprecedented volumes of healthcare data. When analyzed effectively, big data enables early disease prediction, personalized medicine, cost optimization, and improved clinical decision-making. However, the sensitive nature of healthcare information raises major concerns regarding privacy, confidentiality, security, and ethical use. This paper examines the role of big data analytics in healthcare, explores the associated privacy risks, reviews relevant legal and regulatory frameworks, and discusses strategies for protecting private health information while enabling innovation.

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Big data analytics, Healthcare information, patient privacy, Data Security, Privacy Preservations, Health Information Systems

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This study analyses how digital tools--like UPI, POS systems, and social media--impact 50 diverse retailers in Pune. Findings show that while technology significantly boosts sales, transaction speed, and customer engagement, adoption is often hindered by high costs, technical gaps, and security concerns. Ultimately, the research confirms a strong positive correlation between digital integration and retail performance, recommending better support to help businesses overcome technical barriers.

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Digitalisation, Inventory, Retailers, Billing, Point of Sales, UPI, etc

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Abstract: Assam is the state where reside diversified population of various ethnic and tribal peoples along with their diversified culture. Among them Mishing are one of the most significant tribe of this region. Since their presentation is the authentic history of Assam. They have contributed a lot for richness of greater Assamese culture. This paper is to make an investigation into the role and the socio-economic status of women in Mishing society of Assam considering different aspect of their contributions, such as participation in economic activity and other productive activities etc. Among them weaving is regarded as an exclusive contribution. The socio-economic condition of this community is not quite well as compared to other communities. They are originally known as farmer. Now a days, a portion of them is being related with some other occupation too, but it is very limited portion. Form the very beginning of the development of this community weaving has been playing a significant role among the communities. In earlier they weave cloths only for their domestic purpose. But at present, they extended it in to commercial purpose too. But at present the weaving among Mishing's are facing serious problems many way. So it is the high time to give importance over the matter and take necessary steps for well functioning of the craft among them. This is an attempt through which a study is conducted to light out its role along with various obstacles faces by it by using descriptive method of study.

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Keywords: Assam, Earnings, Mishing, Women, Weaving, Tribal people etc.

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Geographical Indication Tag serves as a form of intellectual property that protects the unique qualities and reputation of products associated with specific regions, ensuring authenticity and preserving cultural heritage. Geographical Indication (GI) can be a powerful tool, not just to protect this treasure but to unlock their economic potential. By recognizing and identifying this distinctive product, GI tagging presents a unique opportunity to create brand identity, command premium prices, empower local communities, ultimately contributing to a stronger and more vibrant Indian economy. The North Eastern States of India, despite their rich cultural heritage in traditional art and crafts, unique agricultural and natural products have a least number of GI Tag registered products in comparisons to other states of India. Besides that, some states like Tripura and Nagaland got GI Tag so lately even though government implements GI Tag in the year 2005. Therefore, the researcher tries to investigate the reasons why North Eastern States lagging behind in GI Tag registration in comparisons to other states of India. By bridging this gap between inherent potential and current GI registration, North Eastern India can not only elevate the economic prospects of the region but also ensure global recognition for its remarkable products. This in turn, fosters a more sustainable and equitable future for its talented artisans, producers and region vibrant cultural heritage and unique agricultural product.

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GI Tag, challenges, economic prospects, global market

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This research examines how an understanding of the money stuff influences online buying behaviour, in particular impulse buying and the shopping costs and the process of decision making. To understand how money savvy tricks can help us identify a financial difference between the cost of product delivery, tax, and other handling fees, as well as whether they can make a real sizing of the actual prices of products they purchase online, they communicated with 79 individuals. The findings indicate that the majority of the population is well-informed about money, nevertheless, there are still knowledge gap areas that need to be addressed (particularly interest rates and the cost of long-term products). Limited-time offers, flash sales, targeted ads give impulse buying an enormous credit that impressed more than 62% that the tricks lured them into spontaneous purchases. Secret expenses also influence purchasing decisions, with persons claiming the freight expenses to be the biggest reasons that prevented them purchasing. According to the study, an increase in financial literacy or certain elements related to how and what people shop online, such as budgeting, interest rates, and unseen charges is a solution to more responsible internet purchasing. Online shoppers can be empowered, and smarter money laws are likely to make more purchases healthy, resulting in improvements in habitual satisfaction.

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Financial Literacy, Impulse Buying, Online Shopping Behaviour, Hidden Costs, Consumer Decision-Making.

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The incarceration of women in India exposes critical gaps in the recognition and protection of maternal healthcare rights. Despite constitutional guarantees under Article 21 and judicial pronouncements affirming the right to health, women prisoners, especially those who are pregnant or mothers of young children, continue to face systemic neglect, inadequate medical infrastructure, and poor hygiene conditions. This paper examines the constitutional, statutory, and international human rights frameworks governing maternal healthcare in prisons, with particular reference to landmark judgments such as Sheela Barse v State of Maharashtra and R D Upadhyay v State of A.P.. It also evaluates comparative practices from the United Kingdom, United States, and South Africa to highlight potential models for reform in India. Drawing on a human rights, feminist, and public health perspective, the study identifies key challenges in implementation and proposes gender-sensitive reforms, alternative sentencing for mothers, and stronger monitoring mechanisms. Ultimately, the paper argues that ensuring maternal healthcare in prisons is not merely a welfare concern but a constitutional and human rights imperative.

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Maternal Healthcare, Women Prisoners, Right to Health, Prison Reform, Human Rights

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Abstract CdMnS is an important class of dilute magnetic semiconductor material. It is reported that the CdMnS thin film have been used in photoelectrochemical cell. CdMnS dilute magnetic semiconductor thin films are synthesized on both glass and stainless steel substrates using a chemical bath deposition method CBD. The deposition parameters such as growth temperature, time, pH of bath solution, concentrations of precursor, etc., were optimized to obtain device grade and good oriented polycrystalline films. The layer thickness was found to be dependent on Mn2+ concentration . Composition of the as-grown films was determined by an EDAX technique. The electrochemical cells were fabricated by using the as deposited films of CdMnS of different composition as the active photoelectrodes, an electrolyte and a counter electrode. The cells were then characterized for their dark and illumination properties. different cell parameters such as Voc,Isc, FF, Rs,Rsh, ? , nd and ?B were determined from these experiment and the cell performance has been assess with a reference of Mn2+ concentration in CdS. A remarkable

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Cd1-xMnxS Magnetic semiconductor, DMS, Photoelectrochemical cell, Magnetic properties, fill factor.

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The term ''Biodiversity,'' short for ''Biological diversity,'' has gained widespread attention during the last two decade. It's risen to prominence on the international political stage. The concern for biodiversity has arisen from to streams of developments - the increasing loss of biodiversity and habitats on the one hand and the rapidly growing recognition of the economic importance of biodiversity. The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) was adopted in 1992 at the Rio Earth Summit. India is signatory to this convention, it has three primary objectives: conservation of biodiversity, the sustainable use of its components, and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the use of genetic resources. To promote the objective the convention the Indian Government enacted The Biological Diversity Act 2002. The Act aims to provide conserve biodiversity established three tier systems of authorities, National Biodiversity Authorities, State Biodiversity Boards and local Biodiversity Management Committees. In this paper on Author make some attempt analyses the role of the Karnataka State Biodiversity Board in the conservation and management of the state's rich biodiversity.

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Karnataka Biodiversity Board, conservation of biodiversity, State Biodiversity Boards, Biological Diversity Act.

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In this paper, we provide the analysis of the natural transformation for certain distribution spaces in terms of the fractional integral and differential operators of the transform. There are two parts to this composition. The first is a brief introduction to fractional operators and the less researched and well-known natural transform. The basis for the research study is the understanding that the fractional integral and the Laplace and Sumudu transforms may be expressed as one of the appropriate representations of the Abel integral problem.

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Derivatives, Natural transformation, Integrals, Equation

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

यह अध्ययन सरकारी और निजी बी.एड कॉलेज शिक्षकों की शिक्षण प्रभावशीलता और शिक्षण पेशे में समायोजन का पता लगाने के लिए किया गया था। शोधकर्ताओं ने यादृच्छिक रूप से 150 बी.एड कॉलेज शिक्षकों का एक नमूना चुना। कर्नाटक राज्य के धारवाड़ जिले से कक्षा 9 और 10 के 75 निजी तौर पर प्रबंधित बी.एड शिक्षकों और 75 सरकारी तौर पर प्रबंधित बी.एड कॉलेज शिक्षकों का चयन किया गया। यह अध्ययन दर्शाता है कि सरकारी और निजी बी.एड कॉलेज शिक्षकों की शिक्षण प्रभावशीलता में महत्वपूर्ण अंतर है।

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समायोजन, शिक्षण प्रभावशीलता।

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India is a country where sports play a vital role in one's life. The country has served as a hot spot for various emerging sports. Apart from this, India has been the centre of Sporting systems over the past two decades. Over the past two decades or so, there has been a significant shift in India concerning the commercialization of sports. This is the result of economic liberalization and media expansion along with corporate funding and the beginning of professional leagues. This Research paper aims to analyze the role of media, sponsorships, and private investments by various houses on the sports of India and why sports is being commercialized. Trends concerning revenue generation, viewership, market growth, and other factors are analyzed and represented graphically. Apart from these, the research also focuses on the athletes, fans, and the impact of sports commercialization on the sports ecosystem as a whole. These financial shifts and enhancements to varying degrees of competition and ethics indicate that there is a rising financial concern in sports, even though commercialization appears to be beneficial to some domains within the sports structure.

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India is a country where sports play a vital role in one's life. The country has served as a hot spot for various emerging sports. Apart from this, India has been the centre of Sporting systems over the past two decades. Over the past two decades or so, there has been a significant shift in India concerning the commercialization of sports. This is the result of economic liberalization and media expansion along with corporate funding and the beginning of professional leagues. This Research p

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The New Education Policy 2020 (NEP 2020) is a comprehensive transformation initiative in the Indian education system, aimed at providing quality, inclusive, flexible and skill-based education.This research evaluates the implementation and impact of this policy at the grassroots level.The study found that the policy has introduced innovations such as pre-primary education, teaching in mother tongue, flexible curriculum, and digital learning, which have shown signs of improvement in the quality of education in rural areas.However, factors such as lack of infrastructure, lack of technical resources, unavailability of trained teachers and lack of awareness are hindering the effective implementation of the policy. Despite this, NEP 2020 has generated new thinking and interest towards education in villages and small towns. This research suggests that if the policy is implemented according to local needs and government and social support is increased, it can change the scenario of education in India from the grassroots level.

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Evaluation of the new education policy at the grass root level

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Women empowerment refers to the process of enhancing the social, political, educational, economic, and cultural status of women. In India, the Panchayati Raj system, a system of local self-governance, plays a central role in decentralizing power and promoting inclusive governance. The 73rd Constitutional Amendment (1992) mandated the reservation of one-third of the seats for women in Panchayati (local governing bodies), which has helped increase womens participation in decision-making processes. In Haryana, the Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) serve as an effective tool for promoting women's empowerment at the grassroots level. This study explores how women's involvement in PRIs in Haryana has contributed to their empowerment.

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Study on Women Empowerment through Panchayati Raj Institutions in Haryana

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This study explores the changing position of women in Indian society from the ancient period to the present day. It traces the historical evolution of women's roles through various stages--beginning with the primitive and Vedic periods, followed by the epic and medieval eras, British colonial rule, and post-independence India. The paper examines how religious beliefs, cultural practices, social structures, and political developments have influenced the status and rights of women over time. While early texts and traditions show women as respected and even revered figures, later periods saw a decline in their status due to patriarchal norms and restrictive customs. The colonial era brought both challenges and reform movements that addressed women's education, rights, and social conditions. Post-independence, the Indian Constitution guaranteed gender equality and empowered women legally, socially, and politically. Despite significant progress in education, employment, and political participation, Indian women still face issues such as gender-based violence, economic inequality, and social discrimination. The paper concludes that although challenges remain, ongoing legal reforms, awareness campaigns, and social movements continue to push toward a more equitable and inclusive society for women.

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 Keywords

Gender, Reform, Literature, Property, Equality, Status

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition