Volume 13 | Issue 9

 Abstract

Abstract Background: Chittodvega, described in Ayurveda as a state of mental stress and anxiety, correlates with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in modern medicine. Conventional pharmacological interventions often show limited long-term effectiveness, creating a need for holistic approaches. Achara Rasayana, an Ayurvedic code of righteous conduct and lifestyle discipline, emphasizes ethical living, mindfulness, and social harmony, which collectively promote psychological well-being. Objective: To review the role of Achara Rasayana in the prevention and management of Chittodvega. Methods: A comprehensive review was conducted using classical Ayurvedic texts and relevant contemporary literature from academic journals and databases. The analysis focused on the conceptual understanding, benefits, and therapeutic applications of Achara Rasayana in mental health. Discussion: Chittodvega manifests through symptoms such as anxiety, palpitations, irritability, sleep disturbances, and impaired concentration. Ayurveda attributes this condition to vitiation of Rajas and Tamas along with vata and pitta imbalance. Achara Rasayana promotes emotional stability and resilience through practices including meditation (Dhyana), Mantra recitation (Japa), and observance of Sadvritta (ethical conduct). These measures enhance cognitive function, regulate neurotransmitter activity, restore Manodosha balance, and strengthen adaptive responses. Conclusion: Achara Rasayana provides a comprehensive Ayurvedic framework for managing Chittodvega, integrating preventive and therapeutic strategies. By fostering mind-body harmony through ethical lifestyle practices, it offers a sustainable approach to mental health promotion and anxiety management.

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Keywords: Chittodvega, Achara Rasayana, Ayurveda, Anxiety, Mental Health

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This research paper focuses on balancing majority power a core principle of democracy in co-operatives with natural justice, which ensures fairness and protection of minority rights. Co-operative housing societies in India are designed to function on the principles of democracy, mutual benefit, and collective decision-making. However, the exercise of majority power often abused, the principles of natural justice are ignored, leading to suppression of minority voices, abuse of authority, and regulatory inefficiency. The argument is unchecked majority rule, weak statutory enforcement and administrative inefficiency, has created a governance crisis in co-operative societies. This paper critically examines three core areas of concern Redevelopment of Co-operative housing societies, Elections and Tenure of Managing Committees, and the Registrar's role in dispute resolution and accountability. Backlog of cases due to insufficient judges and infrastructure and widespread corruption, less use of digitalisation that hinder the efficiency of the judicial system. These issues erode public trust and prevent the timely delivery of justice, which is essential for a functioning society It highlights key loopholes in the current framework, identifies challenges in implementation, and suggests reforms to strike a balance between majority rule and natural justice. The study concludes that only through legal reforms, transparent procedures, and digital governance mechanisms can co-operative societies achieve fairness, accountability, and trust among members.

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Co-operative societies, majority rule, natural justice, minority rights, governance crisis, redevelopment, housing societies, elections, managing committee, Registrar of Co-operative Societies, dispute resolution, corruption, transparency, accountability, democratic governance, legal reforms, digital governance, Maharashtra Co-operative Societies Act, Multi-State Co-operative Societies Act.

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Cynodon dactylon (L), an annual herb belonging to the Poaceae family, is widely distributed throughout India. There are distinct names for many Indian languages. Dhro means it in Gujarati, Arukampillu means it in Tamil, Durva means it in Marathi, Durba means it in Bengali, Garicaggaddi means it in Telugu, and Sataparva means it in Sanskrit. A phytochemical study of Cynodon dactylon revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, terpenoids, triterpenoids, steroids, saponins, tannins, resins, phytosterols, lowering the number of proteins, Sugars, Carbohydrates, volatile oils, and fixed oils. These constituents contribute to its significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and wound healing properties. Topical formulation derived from Cynodon dactylon extract hove shown the ability to accelerate wound contraction, enhance epithelization, and protect against oxidative stress, thereby supporting tissue regeneration and repair. Similarly, Aegle marmelos is one of the most importance plants in the medicinal filed, with different medicinal properties, belonging to the family Rutaceae. Is enriched with alkaloids (such as aegelin), tannins, phenolics, coumarins and essential oils, which play a key role in its pharmacology effects. When applied topically, extract of Aegle marmelos demonstrate strong antimicrobial, analgesic, and anti- inflammatory activity alongside potent antioxidant properties. These action not only protect skin tissues from microbial invasion and inflammation but also enhance healing in ulcer, cuts, and minor burns. Furthermore, the Synergistic use of both Cynodon dactylon and Aegle marmelos highlight their potential as safe and natural alternative in topical formulation. This review comprehensively explores the pharmacological action of Cynodon dactylon.

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Cynodon dactylon, Aegle marmelos, topical pharmacological action, wound healing, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti- inflammatory.

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The aviation industries are very fragile and highly sensitive in respect of their employees as they a diverse group of people working with demanding competencies. At the same time, cooperation of these employees and work output are directly accountable for the successful function of the industries. It was noticed through reviews that the perception of these personnel towards HR policies and strategies and workplace matters significantly. The present study was undertaken on two airlines i.e. Indigo and Air India. Data was collocated using standard tools on a sample of 769 employees of these aviation companies and analysed using means, t-test, SD and ANOVA. The result established that perception of employees of aviation industries with regard to Human Resource Strategies and workplace attitude matters significantly. The study concludes with key implications towards management and policy making bodies.

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Key Words: HR Strategies, Workplace attitude, Aviation, Perception.

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Purpose: This paper aims to understand the relationship between Gen Z and their family businesses in India. The study focuses on three key areas: their intent to join the family business, their interest in working there, and their preferences for inheritance. The study is looking to fill a gap in the research, as there's not much specific information on what drives Indian Gen Z heirs and how they see the difference between leading a business versus simply owning a part of it. Design/methodology/approach: The study is a mixed-methods study that will use both qualitative and quantitative research methods to get a full picture of Gen Z succession in Indian family businesses. The research will be conducted by interviewing people, the interviews are designed to explore the motive of the GENZ. Findings: The study has identified four main perspectives among Gen Z regarding the family business. Some are genuinely eager to lead and grow the company, while others are reluctant successors who want to pursue their own careers. A third group consists of cautious contributors who are willing to join but feel they can't make a significant impact. Lastly, there are the obligated heirs, who join out of a sense of duty despite wanting a different career path. Originality: The study examines the preferences of the Gen Z heirs within Indian family businesses. It gives a point of view for the intent, interest and Inheritance Preferences of the Gen Z heirs of Indian family businesses. Research limitations/implications of research: The study is limited by a small, self-reported sample from heirs alone, which may oversimplify motivations and lacks perspectives from other stakeholders, making findings context-specific to India and not broadly generalizable. Practical Implications: The study shows that while many Gen Z heirs prioritize personal careers, those who do engage bring fresh ideas, pushing family firms to rethink succession, adopt flexible roles, and benefit from stronger, more innovative leadership.

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Gen Z, Family Businesses, Succession Planning, Heirs.

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The stability constants of the complexes of p-Bromobenzoylthioacetophenone with some divalent transition metals namely Nickel, Copper, Zinc and Cadmium have been determined at three different temperatures potentiometrically. The ligand belongs to Monothio-?-diketone class of compounds. The Stepwise and Overall Stability Constants of the complexes synthesized have been determined. From a knowledge of overall stability constants, Standard change in Free energy accompanying the said complexation at all the three temperatures have been determined using the appropriate thermodynamic equation. The changes in Free energy contributing towards complex formation as also the stability of the complexes formed have been properly studied.

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p-Bromobenzoylthioacetophenone, Potentiometric Titration, Overall Stability constant, Standard change in Free energy.

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Abstract The research examines the effect of social media on Indian youth's daily life with a special focus on usage habits, likes and participation behavior. The data were gathered from respondents mainly in their 15-25 age bracket with a few younger and older respondents. Questions related to demographics, level of usage, site favorites, privacy perspectives and style of interaction were asked. Findings showed that Instagram, WhatsApp, and YouTube were the most used daily apps. However, preferred feature combinations revealed 29 patterns of behavior reflecting the heterogeneity of user intentions. Respondents indicated that the primary reasons for social media use were entertainment, networking, and education. However, they also acknowledged some frustrations such as overselling, algorithmic biasness, and platform congestion. Young people made suggestions for new features that would improve customizability, increase privacy control, and reduce distraction. Notably, content format preferences became evident as the highest interaction was recorded on short videos, reels, and other interactive elements rather than traditional text-based updates. These findings are pivotal for platform design, digital well-being, and influencer marketing strategies.

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Generation Z or GenZ, Social Media, Instagram, Whatsapp, Youtube, Snapchat, Social media usage, Influencers, content.

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The rapid adoption of mobile-based financial services in India has created new opportunities for cybercriminals. Maharashtra, being one of the most digitally active states, has seen a surge in mobile app-related frauds where citizens are deceived into installing fake service applications or responding to fraudulent communications. This paper documents real cases from Maharashtra where victims lost significant funds due to fraudulent mobile apps impersonating banks and financial services. The study analyzes four detailed cases; ranging from fake bank KYC apps to trading scams; and categorizes their patterns of deception. Findings reveal that fraudsters exploit trust in banking institutions, use psychological manipulation such as urgency and fear, and leverage SMS, calls, and fake apps to execute scams. This research provides a systematic analysis of fraud patterns and concludes with strong recommendations for awareness, regulation, and institutional safeguards to mitigate such threats.

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Mobile app fraud, Fake banking apps, Maharashtra cybercrime, UPI fraud, Financial scams

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The main cause of peptic ulcer disease, which remains a major global health burden, is an imbalance between aggressive agents like stomach acid and pepsin and mucosal defensive proteins. Although conventional drug therapies are effective, their long-term use is often associated with adverse effects and high recurrence rates. This has encouraged growing interest in herbal medicine, which are traditionally recognize for their therapeutic potential and safety. The present study Focuses on the development and evaluation of polyherbal formulation comprising. Amla (Phyllanthus emblica), curry leaves (Murraya koenigi), coriander (Coriandrum sativum), and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), ginger (Zingiber officinale), cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum), and jaggery (Saccharum officinarum). These ingredients are well documented for their nutritional value and pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcerogenic, carminative, and digestive-supporting effects. The formulation was prepared using a standardized procedure and subjected to preformulation studies such as particle size analysis to evaluate flow characteristics, use bulk density, tapped density, angle of repose, Carr's index, and Hausner's ratio and blend uniformity. Additional evaluation parameters were carried out to guarantee the quality and functionality of the capsule dosage form, including weight variation, disintegration time, pH, and stability testing to prove therapeutic efficacy and enable widespread applicability, more pharmacological and clinical research is advise diseases.

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Polyherbal formulation Digestive health Peptic ulcer Herbal medicine Gastrointestinal disorders Curry leaves (Murraya koenigii) Amla (Phyllanthus emblica) Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) Ginger (Zingiber officinale) Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) Jaggery (Saccharum officinarum) Anti-ulcerogenic activity Carminative effect Capsule dosage form Pharmacognosy Stability study

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Student performance prediction is a crucial research domain which analyses the student data aiming to anticipate academic outcomes, analyze student academic performance and to identify student at risk. In this research paper one of the efficient approaches called SHAP (SHapley Additive explanations) which is mathematically grounded with game theory is used to make feature selection and final predictions. SHAP provides both global explanations (which feature is important overall) and local explanations (why a prediction was made for a particular student). In this study, we employ different machine learning algorithm Decision Tree, Random Forest, Lasso Regression, and XGBoost with SHAP based analysis for feature selection. The work is carried out with k-fold validation technique, feature overlaps and residual plots. Paired t-test is also used to verify results statistically. Results showed that SHAP integrated with Random Forest importance based selection identified a more stable and interpretable feature subset, outperforming other combinations. The study concludes that integrating SHAP with traditional feature selection improves both predictive reliability and explainability.

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Student performance, Explainable AI, SHAP, Random Forest, Educational Data Mining.

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Abstract Rape is one of the most heinous crimes, attacking the dignity, autonomy, and humanity of women. Unlike murder, which extinguishes life, rape scars the victim's body and mind for life. The enactment of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (BNS) has brought significant changes to India's rape laws, codifying provisions under Sections 63 to 73. This paper examines the statutory framework of rape under BNS, analyzing definitions, punishments, special categories such as gang rape and offences against minors, and rules for protecting victim identity. It further contextualizes these provisions with case law, from the Mathura Rape Case to the Nirbhaya case, and recent incidents such as the R.G. Kar Medical College rape and murder case (2024). The study concludes by highlighting challenges in implementation and suggesting reforms for ensuring justice and victim rehabilitation.

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Keywords Rape, Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, Criminal Law Amendment, Victim Identity, Gang Rape, Sexual Violence, Judicial Interpretation.

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This paper compares two ways of reducing poverty: India's rights-based employment guarantee (MGNREGA) and East Asia's state-directed, export-oriented model. It explains how MGNREGA provides income security through a legal right to work, a public wage floor, and local asset creation, strengthening workers' bargaining power in a federal democracy. In contrast, East Asian governments used industrial policy, state-directed finance, land reform, and export discipline to push firms up the productivity ladder and move workers from farming into manufacturing. The paper clarifies that East Asia was not a "free market" story and that MGNREGA is more than "make-work." It argues that the two approaches can complement each other when public works are durable and climate-relevant, timed to agricultural slack seasons, lightly skill-building, linked to targeted credit, and embedded in transparent performance benchmarks.

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MGNREGA; developmental state; export discipline; structural transformation.

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The growing demand for enhanced thermal comfort, energy efficiency, and compact design in modern vehicles necessitates the optimization of Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems. HVAC duct design plays a pivotal role in determining airflow distribution, noise levels, and overall system efficiency. This project focuses on the optimization of HVAC duct systems in passenger vehicles through the application of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis. The primary objective is to reduce pressure losses, improve airflow uniformity, and enhance thermal comfort without compromising the packaging constraints of the vehicle interior. The study begins with a baseline evaluation of a conventional HVAC duct design using CFD simulations to identify inefficiencies such as turbulence zones, high-pressure drops, and flow separation areas. Using this baseline as a reference, various design modifications are proposed, including changes in duct geometry, bends, splitter locations, and vent positions. Each modified design is analysed through CFD tools to assess parameters such as velocity distribution, static pressure, turbulence intensity, and flow uniformity. Optimization techniques, including parametric analysis and design of experiments (DOE), are employed to systematically refine the duct design. The final optimized design demonstrates a significant reduction in pressure drop (by 6 pascal), improved flow uniformity at passenger outlets, and enhanced overall HVAC performance. Additionally, noise generation due to turbulent flow is minimized, contributing to improved cabin comfort. The project validates the effectiveness of CFD as a powerful tool in the automotive HVAC system design process. The results highlight the potential for computational analysis to accelerate development cycles, reduce physical prototyping costs, and deliver better-performing systems. This study serves as a framework for future research and development of energy-efficient and ergonomically optimized vehicle HVAC systems.

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CFD, Ansys Fluent, HVAC Duct.

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Introduction: Dysmenorrhea is one of the most prevalent gynecological conditions among young women and a leading cause of class absenteeism and poor academic engagement. Its impact in Indian higher education settings, however, remains under-documented. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 130 female students aged 18-25 years from nursing colleges in Jaipur, Rajasthan. Participants were selected using convenient sampling. Data were collected using a pretested, structured questionnaire covering socio-demographic details, menstrual history, severity of dysmenorrhea (10-point Visual Analog Scale) and academic impact (absenteeism, concentration difficulties and perceived decline in performance). Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26. Descriptive statistics were applied and chi-square tests examined associations between dysmenorrhea severity and academic outcomes, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: The prevalence of dysmenorrhea was 74.6% (97/130). Among affected students, 23.1% reported mild pain, 41.2% moderate and 10.3% severe. Dysmenorrhea significantly impacted academic performance: 54.6% reported missing at least one class per cycle, 63.9% experienced concentration difficulties and 47.4% perceived a decline in academic performance. Severity of dysmenorrhea was significantly associated with absenteeism (p = 0.01) and academic decline (p = 0.03), though the association with concentration difficulty was not significant (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Dysmenorrhea substantially affects academic performance among female students in Jaipur. Incorporating menstrual health education, supportive counseling and academic accommodations may reduce its burden.

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Dysmenorrhea, academic performance, absenteeism, college students, Jaipur

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This theoretical study investigates the dynamic behavior of a nanoelectromechanical system (NEMS) composed of a suspended carbon nanotube (CNT) driven by a radio frequency (RF) electric field in the presence of an external static magnetic field. The research aims to understand the interplay between mechanical motion, electrical properties, and magnetic influences at the nanoscale. We qualitatively explore how the magnetic field affects the CNT's resonant frequencies, its vibrational modes, and its potential as a sensor or signal processing element. The study focuses on the fundamental physics governing these interactions, predicting phenomena such as magnetomechanical coupling and altered electromechanical responses, paving the way for novel device applications.

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Theoretical Study of a Nanoelectromechanical System: RF Driven Suspended Carbon Nanotube in an External Magnetic Field.

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This research presents the development of a stock price prediction Flask-based RESTful API based on several machine learning models, such as Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Linear Regression, ARIMA, and Prophet. The system is capable of retrieving and processing historical stock records--mostly from the National Stock Exchange (NSE) of India--and the generation of future stock price predictions through model-based simulations. It is backed by important features like model selection, industry-specific stock categorization, and multi-stock comparison. Even though the predictive models are presently spoofed for demonstration, they emulate real-world market behaviors, providing a proof of concept for production-level inclusion in the future. The system envisioned hides the complexity of ML forecasting such that it is available to developers, analysts, and financial platforms through simple API endpoints. This project provides the basis for the deployment of real-time forecasting systems that can drive intelligent financial dashboards and trading applications.

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Stock Price Prediction, Flask API, Machine Learning, LSTM, ARIMA, Prophet, Linear Regression, REST API, NSE Data, Financial Forecasting, Time Series Analysis, Backend Integration

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This study investigates the effect of principals' Leadership Styles on the Job Satisfaction of lecturers in undergraduate colleges. The research employs a convenience sampling technique to gather data from lecturers. The objective of the study is to understand the relationship between principals' leadership styles- namely democratic, autocratic, and laissez-faire and job satisfaction among lecturers. It also aims to examine the effect of these leadership styles on job satisfaction within the sample group. Data was collected using purposive sampling techniques, and the Leadership Styles Questionnaire was adapted from Donald Clark's 1998 survey. The Teacher Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (TJSQ), developed by Lester, P. E. (1984) based on the work of Maslow and Herzberg, was used to assess job satisfaction. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 25. Spearman's rank correlation and regression analysis were performed to establish the results. The findings showed a moderate positive relationship between democratic leadership style and job satisfaction. However, the regression analysis revealed weak explanatory power, as indicated by the low R-squared (0.061). This suggests that while the democratic leadership style is positively associated with job satisfaction, other factors may play a more significant role in influencing it. This study seeks to provide insights into the nuanced interplay between leadership approaches and job satisfaction, highlighting the importance of a comprehensive understanding of institutional and individual factors in academic settings.

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Leadership Styles, Job Satisfaction, Democratic Leadership, Academic Settings, Undergraduate Colleges

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This report explores the critical role of mentoring in leadership development, a topic of growing importance in today's dynamic organizational environments. By analyzing a variety of data points related to mentoring practices, leadership effectiveness, employee satisfaction, and retention rates, we aim to illuminate the profound impact that effective mentoring can have on developing future leaders. The findings indicate a strong correlation between structured mentoring programs and enhanced leadership skills among participants. Additionally, organizations that prioritize mentoring not only report higher employee satisfaction but also experience improved retention rates. This report synthesizes these insights and provides actionable recommendations for organizations seeking to implement or enhance mentoring programs as a strategic approach to leadership development.

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Leadership,Role,Development

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The banking payment systems have experienced considerable transformations over the last century, due to technological innovations, regulatory changes, and shifts in consumer behavior. This evolution has drastically altered how individuals and businesses manage money and make transactions, as well as redefined the structure and role of financial institutions. From the early 20th century, when physical cash and checks dominated, to the rise of digital banking in the 21st century, key developments have included the introduction of credit cards, online banking, mobile payments, blockchain technology, and cryptocurrencies. These advancements have not only improved the efficiency, security, and accessibility of financial services but have also paved the way for new financial products, including digital-only banks and decentralized finance systems. This paper examines the key phases of this evolution, focusing on the technological advancements from the first ATMs to the rise of AI. This paper will also examine how decentralized digital currencies have changed the banking system and how it has changed the global financial landscape

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Digital Payments, AI, Online Banking, UPI

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uokpkj] vkn'kZ f'k{kd] vykspukRed fparu] dkS'ky fodkl] O;wjpukA

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