Volume 13 | Issue 9

 Abstract

Noise pollution, i.e., the propagation of noise or sound it causes severe harmful effects on humans and animals. When it exceeds 75 dB and feels painful at levels above 120 dB, cities have become the epicenter for pollution and acoustics, which, although invisible, are severely damaging to human beings. Many studies have estimated noise as responsible for premature deaths due to ischemic heart disease. Noise pollution has an enormous environmental impact--damaging wildlife as it interferes with breeding cycles and hastens the extinction of some species. WHO The World Health Organization defines sound above 65 dB as noise. As Mumbai is a large metropolitan city and has astounding noise levels, this study was undertaken to record the different noise levels in various regions of Greater Mumbai.

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Noise, pollution, decibels.

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Gandhiji was a social reformer. He discussed various social economic aspects of the development of society. We can observe in his discussion how equality can be established in society and how society can abandon all kinds of harmful activities and move towards progress. Gandhi tried to enlighten people from all sections of society with the light of education. He emphasized on the issue of there being no discrimination in society and presented various ways on how to establish a society with a discriminatory attitude and a heart that is based on the welfare of all. He spoke about the various principle of like, Sarvodaya, Swaraj and Trusteeship in this regard. He also introduced people from different sections of society to how they can be educated and made self-reliant and self-employed in the society through education. Gandhi makes us realize that the development of people is linked to the development of the nation within society.

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Education, Self-reliant, Non-violence, Development, Sarvodaya, Society, Swaraj, Religion, Equality and Trusteeship

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Conferring to the law of nature, women in our society, have been granted with the divine blessing of experiencing motherhood. After undergoing the medical procedure of child delivery, both the mother along with her child are entitled to receive postnatal care and nourishment. Going through this vital aspect, various measures have been undertaken and implemented by putting women who have experienced motherhood along with their infant at the forefront at every corner in India. The notion of Maternity Benefit revolves around the concept that women in our society irrespective of their social strata are entitled to receive Maternity Benefit on the account of their nature as women of our society are the cornerstone for a developing nation. The Maternity Benefit Act, 1961 has been enacted by the Government of India with the primary goal of carrying forward the obligation which has been cherished through Article 42 of the Constitution of India which provides that "The State shall make provisions for securing just and humane conditions of work and for maternity relief". The said Maternity Benefit Act has proved to be a valuable piece of legislation for women undergoing pregnancy and its primary goal is safeguarding the dignity of women. This piece of legislation provides certain kinds of benefits to especially working women which in turn provides them with aid during their pregnancy period and post-natal care. This research paper is an attempt to highlight the current provisions of the said legislation alongside having a detailed discussion of the how the said legislation plays an pivotal role in upholding gender equality.

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Motherhood, Post- Natal Care, Maternity Benefit, Pregnancy

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 Abstract

Samajik ankeshan:pardarsita aur jawabdehi ki or ek shashakt pahal

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Samajik ankeshan:pardarsita aur jawabdehi ki or ek shashakt pahal

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India's labour laws have changed significantly, reflecting the country's political, social, and constitutional changes. India has made an effort to streamline compliance and enhance worker safeguards by combining twenty-nine central labour laws into four comprehensive labour codes. Serious issues still exist, nevertheless, such as poor implementation, the exclusion of gig and informal workers, and conflicts between workers' rights and economic progress. This essay evaluates the effects of the new labour laws, critically analyses the difficulties facing Indian labour laws, and makes recommendations for modifications that are required to guarantee social fairness and economic competitiveness. India has the second-highest proportion of people in the world who are of working age. India's labour force is a crucial component that influences every aspect of the economy, including capital generation, savings, output, and investments. They are the main tool for attaining socioeconomic advancement. Nonetheless, current industrialization has led to a number of labour issues due to its unfriendly character and diminished amicable and pleasant relationships between employers and employees. In order to prevent exploitation and to protect workers' rights and interests, the Indian government has implemented a number of labour laws.

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Labor laws, labor codes, informal sector, globalization, workers' rights, Challenges, Employers, India, Labor.

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Due to the irreversible nature of intellectual disability, nurturing child leads to significant changes in the psychological temperament of the parents. These parents face many conflicts and problems such as unwanted emotional states when the child has special needs due to disability. The numbers of samples for the present study 22 were purposively selected, comprised of 10 fathers and 12 mothers. The aim of the study is to find out the parents' emotional states when nurturing children with intellectual disabilities. The present research revealed that parent of child with intellectual disabilities experiencing considerable negative emotional states. There is no difference between the emotional experiences of fathers and mothers. Both the mother and the father are emotionally stable. There is a correlation between parents' emotional states and gender. Families of children with intellectual disabilities deal with a lot of stress, including financial, emotional and physical hardships. Compared to father, mother of child with intellectual disability experienced depression and burden. This study logically concludes that despair, depression and burden are experienced by both parents.

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Anxiety, disability, emotions, parents, and stress.

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The emergence of India's International Financial Services Centres (IFSCs), led by GIFT City, is transforming the landscape of global finance by enabling institutions to operate in a globally competitive regulatory environment. While IFSC entities benefit from a principles-based framework driven by the International Financial Services Centres Authority (IFSCA), the role of corporate governance becomes critical in balancing flexibility with investor protection and systemic stability. This article examines how corporate governance is evolving within IFSCs by comparing it with the mandatory frameworks followed by listed and unlisted companies in India. The paper also discusses voluntary practices adopted by IFSC entities, their strategic importance in attracting global capital, and areas requiring regulatory fine-tuning. The article explores measures to strengthen transparency and governance in IFSCs, supporting their evolution in line with global standards and reinforcing India's broader vision of becoming a competitive international financial hub.

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 Keywords

Corporate Governance, IFSC, GIFT City, regulations, SEBI

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The consulting industry, which emerged in the late 19th century, has grown into a vital segment of the global professional services sector. In India, the sector is expanding rapidly due to increasing demand for specialized knowledge, project management skills, and technological adaptability. Indian consulting firms benefit from cost efficiency and local expertise but face challenges such as low brand equity, international competition, and limited global presence. This study examines Live Connections, a recruitment and staffing firm founded in 1996 in Chennai, which has evolved into a multinational player with operations in India, UAE, Singapore, and Qatar. Its services now extend beyond contingency recruitment to include RPO, executive search, staffing solutions, and interview-as-a-service. The company's vision, mission, and SWOT analysis reveal its strong industry presence, adaptability, and client-focused approach. The research also highlights how recruitment and selection practices are being reshaped by digital tools, data analytics, employer branding, and diversity-focused hiring. By combining insights from the consulting industry with the case of Live Connections, the study underscores both the opportunities and challenges for Indian consulting firms in navigating globalization, technology, and a competitive business environment.

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Index Terms -- Consulting Industry, Recruitment, Selection, Human Resource Practices, Live Connections, Indian Consulting Sector, Employer Branding, Digital Recruitment.

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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the serious health issues in the world that causes the death of many people annually. Early CVD diagnosis is important in enhancing survival. The proposed research will contribute to creating a novel system to detect CVDs based on the synthesis of innovative hybrid techniques to impute missing data, detect outliers, balance the classes, select features, and classify them. It is also aimed at improving accuracy and reliability using a new combination of techniques, hyperparameter optimization and prevention of Type II errors. This framework applies a real-time dataset that belongs to the Salem Private Hospital and a benchmark dataset that is found in the UCI repository to identify CVDs. The Heuristic-SHAP Adaptive MissForest (HSAMF) approach addressed missing data by adopting a hybrid technique of imputation that involves the combination of MissForest, SHAP and heuristic rules. Removal of outliers was done through the Hybrid Global-Local-Structural Outlier Detection (HGLS-OD) method, which is a combination of Local Outlier Factor (LOF), Isolation Forest (IF) and Multi-Model Outlier Detection (MMOD) algorithm. Target encoding was implemented on categorical data. Class imbalance was addressed using optimized K-Means and Synthetic Minority Oversampling TEchnique (OKSMOTE), which includes K-Means, SMOTE, optuna and RF. The Min-MaxScaler was used to perform data normalization. The features were selected using the Cluster-Weighted Mutual Information - Genetic Algorithm (CWMI-GA) methodology that comprised the application of Mutual Information (MI), clustering and Genetic Algorithm (GA). Various classification methods had been used, such as traditional methods, such as Optimized Random Forest (ORF), Optimized XGBoost (OXGB) and ensemble techniques, such as Optimized Bagging-Boosting Stacked Ensemble (OBBSE), Optimized Heterogeneous Soft Voting Ensemble (OHSVE), Optimized Feature-Augmented Heterogeneous Stacking (OFAHS), Optimized Heterogeneous Bootstrap-Ensemble (OHBE) and Optimized Heterogeneous Sequential Boosting (OHSB). Optuna was used to maximize the classification and threshold tuning procedures. The OFAHS model was superior to all the other models with the default threshold of 99.1% when applied to real-time data and 97% when applied to benchmark data. The ideal threshold of 0.47 greatly minimized Type II errors. With this threshold, accuracy increased further to 99.4 and 98.5 on real-time and benchmark data, respectively. Thus, not only were the Type II errors lowered by modifying the threshold, but also the reliability of the forecasts was enhanced. This study demonstrates significant improvement in cardiovascular disease detection through advanced methods that led to improved data handling, accuracy, and performance. The findings are the precursors of the prospective advancements in cardiovascular diagnostics and health management.

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 Keywords

Cardiovascular Disease, Pre-Processing, Ensemble Classification, Tuning, Type 2 Error Reduction

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Soil stabilization is a fundamental aspect of geotechnical engineering, especially when addressing the behavior of non-clayey soils. Although these soils generally present fewer challenges compared to clayey soils, issues related to strength, compressibility, and shear performance under loading still necessitate effective stabilization techniques. While traditional stabilizers such as cement, lime, and synthetic fibres have been widely used, the use of natural fibres has recently gained attention as a more sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative. Among the available natural fibres, bamboo stands out due to its abundance, renewability, and favorable mechanical properties. This study investigates the feasibility of using bamboo fibres to enhance the geotechnical properties of non-clayey soils, specifically silty sand by analyzing their effects on strength, compressibility, and shear behavior. Bamboo fibres, locally sourced and processed, were incorporated into soil samples at varying percentages (0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1% by dry weight). Standard laboratory tests, including Atterberg limits, Proctor compaction, and direct shear tests, were conducted to evaluate the impact of fiber reinforcement on the physical and mechanical characteristics of the soil. The results demonstrated that bamboo fibre reinforcement led to noticeable improvements in strength and ductility compared to unreinforced samples. Additionally, compaction characteristics were enhanced, with an increase in maximum dry density (MDD) and a reduction in optimum moisture content (OMC). Specifically, OMC decreased from 12.16% in untreated soil to 8.48% at 1% fibre content, indicating improved compaction efficiency and a denser soil structure. Although the MDD improvement values were not explicitly stated, the trend indicated increased density with higher fibre content. Shear strength also improved significantly with the inclusion of bamboo fibres. At a normal stress of 50 kPa, shear strength increased from 29.5 kPa (0% fibre) to 35.33 kPa (0.75% fibre). At 100 kPa, it rose from 57.01 kPa to 66.33 kPa, and at 150 kPa, from 84.53 kPa to 97.33 kPa for the same fibre content. These results confirm that bamboo fibre reinforcement enhances the mechanical performance of non-clayey soils, making it a promising and sustainable alternative for ground improvement applications.

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Soil, Bamboo fibre, Soil-improvement, Strength.

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The Geberit Group, founded in 1874 and headquartered in Rapperswil-Jona, Switzerland, is a global leader in sanitary technology with over 150 years of industry expertise. Operating in 41 countries, including high-growth regions across Europe, North America, and Asia, the company drives innovation through specialized development centres in Shanghai and Chicago. Geberit runs 16 production facilities in seven countries, with major units in Switzerland, Germany, and Austria. Its product portfolio spans sanitary systems (cisterns, installation and flushing systems, faucets, waste traps, and shower toilets) and piping systems (water supply and drainage). Known for durability, innovation, and environmental efficiency, Geberit serves architects, builders, and plumbing contractors worldwide. Beyond products, it advances industry skills by training around 30,000 professionals annually. Listed on the Swiss Stock Exchange since 1999 and included in the Swiss Market Index in 2012, Geberit reported CHF 2.2 billion in sales that same year, supported by a workforce of approximately 6,100 employees.

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 Keywords

Geberit Group, Sanitary Technology, Concealed Cisterns, Plumbing Systems, Piping Solutions, Sustainable Sanitary Solutions, Water Efficiency, Bathroom Innovation, Sanitary ware Industry in India, Smart Plumbing Solutions, Urban Infrastructure Development, Eco-friendly Manufacturing, Building Information Modelling (BIM), Geberit Plumbing Technology India Pvt. Ltd. (GPTIPL), Sanitary ware Market Growth, Smart Cities Mission India, Premium Bathroom Solutions, Competitive Landscape (Jaquar, Hindware

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Clayey soils, characterized by high plasticity and low shear strength, pose significant challenges in geotechnical engineering applications. This study investigates the effectiveness of Cement Kiln Dust (CKD), an industrial by-product with high calcium oxide content, as a stabilizing agent for clayey soils. Laboratory experiments focused solely on CKD-treated samples at varying dosages (3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, and 15%) to evaluate improvements in engineering properties. Standard Proctor Compaction tests were conducted to determine changes in Maximum Dry Density (MDD) and Optimum Moisture Content (OMC), while Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) and Triaxial shear tests were used to assess strength parameters, including cohesion and internal friction angle, over curing periods of 0, 7, and 28 days. Results demonstrated that increasing CKD content led to notable improvements in MDD and reductions in OMC, indicating better compaction characteristics. UCS and Triaxial test outcomes revealed enhanced soil strength and stability with increased CKD content, particularly at extended curing durations, due to pozzolanic reactions and cementitious bonding. The findings support the viability of CKD as a cost-effective and sustainable stabilizer for improving the structural performance of clayey soils.

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Soil-Improvement, CKD, Clay

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Dramatic method; drama-based pedagogy; teacher perceptions; subject-wise differences.

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This theoretical study explores the electromechanical dynamics of suspended carbon nanotube (CNT) resonators under combined radio frequency (RF) excitation and static magnetic fields. We develop a comprehensive multi-physics framework integrating quantum electrodynamic principles, nonlocal elasticity theory, and ferromagnetic coupling effects to model the system's behavior. Our analysis reveals that magnetic fields induce giant tunable damping (quality factor reduction up to 40%), enable nonlinear resonance control(frequency shifts >15%), and enhance nanoscale sensing capabilities through magnetic moment interactions. The coupled system exhibits dual-mode operation as both a high-sensitivity nano-magnetometer (theoretical DC sensitivity ~5 nT/?Hz) and charge detector (beyond single-electron transistor sensitivity). These findings establish a foundation for next-generation quantum-enabled nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) with applications in medical hyperthermia, quantum sensing, and reconfigurable RF nanosystems

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Theoretical Study of a Nanoelectromechanical System Based on a Radio Frequency-Driven Suspended Carbon Nanotube in an External Magnetic Field

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Empowering end-users in cybersecurity demands a shift from technology-centric paradigms toward user-centered designs, focusing on individual needs, behaviors, and preferences. This study synthesizes findings from recent research on usability, human factors, design principles, and participatory frameworks to propose actionable recommendations for developing effective cybersecurity solutions tailored to users. Emphasizing usability, human-centric frameworks, and adoption cycles, the paper highlights challenges and opportunities in bridging the gap between technical security and user empowerment.

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User-centric cybersecurity, usability, human factors, technology adoption, participatory design, UX security, human-centered security, risk assessment, behavioral cybersecurity, adoption cycle, interface design, usability heuristics, resilience, empowerment, digital safety.

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This paper examines the 1943 Bengal famine through the lens of Zainul Abedin's work, famine sketches, explaining them as a vital archival document to the integrated ecological and literal forces that caused one of the twentieth century's most ruinous man-made disasters. Drawing on over three million deaths amid social Bengal's rice-dependent agricultural economy, Abedin's sketch definitions, executed in situ during the extremity, transcend bare attestation to embody a visceral notice of dictatorial neglect and environmental rupture. A 1942 cyclone destroyed paddy fields, aggravating fungal scars and yield failures, while World War II's extremities compounded the catastrophe. Japanese occupation disassociated Burmese rice significances, British 'Denial Programs' disassembled original aqueducts to baffle irruption, and wartime affectation fueled hoarding and annuity collapse, as theorized by Amartya Sen (Sen, Amartya, 1981). Employing an interdisciplinary lens from environmental humanities and visual studies, this analysis positions Abedin's art as a counter-archive to harsh dominant historiographies that honor textual records and marginalize indigenous sensitive epistemologies. His compositions rendering deathly numbers clawing at cracked earth or huddled against cyclone-destroyed midair illuminate the famine of 'Slow Violence' (Nixon, 2011), where ecological impact points rained mortal catastrophe long before the severe starvation. The article illustrates how Abedin's testimonio anticipated current discussions about climate-induced famines, highlighting how art is able to capture the invisible cycles of ecological injustice. This study contends that Abedin's work establishes an eco-artistic methodology in which visual witness challenges authoritative silences and predicts contemporary debates concerning the environmental humanities and postcolonial ecocriticism. By reclaiming these sketches as alternative narratives, the piece emphasizes art's ongoing role in recording socio-ecological memory, encouraging a rethinking of hunger as a predictor of global climate injustices.

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Famine Sketches, Ecological Collapse, Environmental Humanities, Postcolonial Ecocriticism, Slow Violence.

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Social media has emerged as a crucial element of contemporary life for individuals in today's society, influencing various aspects of daily interactions and experiences. Its impact is complex and multifaceted. On one hand, the myriad advantages offered by social media platforms are compelling users to engage more frequently. These benefits include the ability to communicate with others online, participate in audio and video calls, share reviews and opinions, post images, access real-time news updates, and utilize advertising opportunities. Each of these features enhances connectivity and information sharing, making social media an attractive tool for personal and professional use. On the other hand, the excessive use of social media can lead to significant negative consequences for mental health. Many users are experiencing increased levels of anxiety, depression, and feelings of loneliness as a result of their online interactions. Additionally, the constant comparison with others on these platforms can contribute to a decline in self-esteem. Thus, while social media offers valuable benefits, it is essential to recognize and address the potential risks associated with its overuse. The rise of social media has profoundly transformed the landscape of personal communication, presenting both benefits and challenges that impact mental health and overall well-being. By assessing both the positive and negative dimensions of social media, this study aims to provide a comprehensive perspective that encourages users to cultivate healthy online habits and supports mental well-being in the digital age.

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Social Media; Mental Health; Well-being; Social Comparison; Indian youth.

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Microfinance enhances gender equality and reduction of poverty but little has been studied on its effects in low-literacy, rural Muzaffarpur, Bihar. This paper investigates its contribution to economic, social and psychological empowerment of women in a flood prone area with the questions: (1) What is the impact of microfinance on economic independence? (2) What are its implications on decision making? (3) What are the non-financial benefits that arise? About 150 participants, 50 non-participants of SHG, were surveyed using mixed-methods, and 20 interviews conducted through Jeevika. Data was analyzed using Python and NVivo. The participants experienced a 81% increase in income ( vs. 10% p < 0.001), increased income control (3.8 vs. 1.9, p < 0.001) and decision-making (3.6 vs. 2.1, p < 0.001). Socially, 68 percent became mobile but 12 percent experienced debt pressures, which substantiate the framework developed by Kabeer and calls on specific policies with MFI.

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Microfinance,women empowerment,self help group, muzaffarpur, economic independence,bihar

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Health education, school health promotion, nutrition knowledge, physical health awareness, rural children, quasi-experimental design, child health literacy

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This paper is an attempt to bring out the contesting voices in the play King Baabu where every dialogues are interspersed with a tinge of violence--more obviously in the dialogues of the two major characters--Basha Bash and his wife Maariya. Soyinka exceptionally mobilizes satire, parody, and Shakespearean allusion to lampoon authoritarian savagery, while scripting violence that is both impactful and estranging. As the play is in the genre of a burlesque comedy, attempts will be made to delineate the satirical projection of the delicate intermixing of the grand ideas of democracy, monarchy and military dictatorship that Soyinka achieves in chronicling the debauched rule of General Basha Bash. The semiotic rendering of the performance will be slightly touched in order to accentuate the gravity of violence.

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violence, dictatorship, contesting voices, semiotic rendering

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