Volume 8 | Issue 9

 Abstract

Abstract: This study has been undertaken to investigate effectiveness of stress management program for self efficacy and coping skills among college students with objective of determining the effectiveness of stress management program in improving self efficacy and coping skills among college students. 30 students are selected for the study according to the inclusion criteria, GSE scale is administrated to the samples to evaluate the self efficacy and Brief COPE inventory is administrated to evaluate the coping skills. According to unpaired �t� value of brief COPE inventory 3.7688 , there is a significant difference in the coping skills and according to unpaired �t� value of general self efficacy scale 2.1398 , there is a significant difference in self efficacy. The conclusion of this study indicates that the stress management programs are effective in improving self efficacy and coping skills among college students.

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Stress, Self efficacy, Coping skills, Stress management program

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Indian economy is mostly as rural region with two-thirds of its populations and its labour force is also from rural region. It plays an important part of the total net value added in many sectors, with an overall 46% contribution to our national income. The growth and development of the rural economy is an authoritative of wide-range development and overall growth of the country. Small cultivated holdings constitute the massive majority of farms in many developing countries. Smallholder cultivators are a vital part of the food value chain in India, as well as a critical element of the global food system. In December 2019 in a Chinese city of Wuhan that a new human coronavirus now popularly known as COVID-19 emerged. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought new risks that threaten livelihood as well as food security. Every year, Indian farmers face risks such as low rainfall, price volatility and rising debts, but risks from the COVID-19 pandemic are putting new challenges in front of a sector. The nationwide lockdown came at an unfortunate time for farmers, as it was the harvest season for the rabi crop. The lockdown created both shortage of labour and equipment - migrant laborers in India usually move to rural areas during harvest, and smallholder farmers often rent harvesting equipment as this is cheaper than purchasing it. The purpose of this paper is to discuss about performance of crops, wild plants, livestock, buying selling the product and the problems faced during this lockdown period. A survey was based on face to face interview of smallholder cultivators. Statistical tools of Likert five point scales and Friedman ranking analysis have been used to find results.

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Covid -19, smallholder cultivators, farmers, problem faced by farmers

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ABSTRACT Anabas testudineus were exposed to an environmental containing various concentration of composing pesticides during the resting phase of their sexual cycle in January fish of both sexes were exposed for 24-96 hrs with pesticides ( Chloropyrifos 50% +Cypermethrin 5% EC) at different concentration. Tested of the treated fish showed deleterious changes and degeneration of germinal epithelium and post meiotic germ cells. The SEM of normal ovary of the fish has showed large number of primary oocytes as well as presence of advanced stage of oocytes. In treated ovary studies several structural changes. Similarly normal testis well developed, functional sperm were prominently seen. Treated testis show less density of sperm and several structural changes are seen.

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Keywords:- Chlorpyrifos, cypermetharin, toxicity, germinal epithelium, ovarian atresia.

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Before August 2019, the State of Jammu and Kashmir (hereinafter referred to as the State of J&K) was the most privileged State of �Indian Union�1. It enjoyed the special status under Article 370 of our Constitution. Due to this whole of the Indian Constitution was not applicable to this State and Parliament�s jurisdiction over it was limited. It was also mentioned in this Article that the Parliament could not have extended this jurisdiction without the consent of the Government of the State. Article 370 was the result of �Instrument of Accession�2 signed by the then ruler of the State and accepted by the then Governor-General of the �Dominion of India�3. Under it, only three subjects- Defence, Communications and External Affairs- were surrendered by the State to India.

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History of Permanent Residents of the State of Jammu and Kashmir

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Patliputra ki Virasat ke Vividh Aayam

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Patliputra ki Virasat ke Vividh Aayam

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Madhyamwargiya evm Nimnawargiya pariwar ke bachchon me Apradhikaran

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Madhyamwargiya evm Nimnawargiya pariwar ke bachchon me Apradhikaran

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We analyze party discipline Process and Programmes in the House of Representatives between 1947 and 1998. The effects of party pressures can be represented in a spatial model by allowing each party to have its own cutting line on roll call votes. Adding a second cutting line makes, at best a marginal improvement over the standard single-line model. Analysis of legislators who switch parties shows however that party discipline is manifest in the location of the legislator`s ideal point. In contrast to our approach, we find that the Snyder-Groseclose method of estimating the influence of party discipline Process and Programmes is biased toward exaggerating party effects.

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Process and Programmes and Congress party

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Skin delivery is one of the most frequently method used for drug application. But due to rough and tough nature of skin there is always been a search of a carrier that easily penetrate the uppermost layer of skin hence provide significant therapeutic effect. In recent years researchers focus on potential of nanocarriers as drug delivery system in various routes of dug administration. Liposome, niosomes, polymeric nanocarriers, carbon nanocarriers, SLN, NLC are some of the recently used carriers. The safety and toxicity of some nanocarriers is always a matter of conflict so limits their use as drug carriers. NLCs are second generation lipid carriers and due to its structural integration has wide opportunity in topical drug delivery. In this article we review the utilization of NLC and the work done on recent advancement in this field. Review mainly focus on the delivery of NLC in various topical diseases and applicability as drug carrier.

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NLCs, composition, types, advantages, drug delivery, drug penetration mechanism, and topical purpose

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BHARAT ME GRAMEEN VIKAS KI AWADHARNA : EK SAMAJASHASTRIY ADHYAYAN

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BHARAT ME GRAMEEN VIKAS KI AWADHARNA : EK SAMAJASHASTRIY ADHYAYAN

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First we will study convex sets and some propositions and theorems related with it in a vector space. When a topology is defined on the vector space in which vector compositions are continuous, then it becomes a topological vector space(TVS). Our aim is to observe the convex behavior of topological terms in TVS.

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Affine, Closure, Combination, Hull, Interior, Relative, Translation etc.

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The purpose of this to compare effect of Modified Epley�sManeuver and Cawthrone-Cooksey exercise with Brandt- Daroff exercise and Gaze Stability exercise in posterior canal Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo. In this experimental design a total of 30 subjects with an average age of 35 � 65 years of females those who had dizziness and balance disorder were assessed with Activities�Specific Balance Confidence scale (ABC), Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS). 30 subjects were randomly allocated into group A (15 Subjects) who received Modified Epley�s maneuver and Cawthorne�Cooksey exercise with medications and group B (15 subjects) Brandt �Daroff exercise and gaze stability exercise with medications. At the end of the treatment, ABC scale, VAS and DHI scale on comparison within and between the group A revealed statistically significant result with pre-test and post-test mean of p value < 0.05 whereas the group B revealed statistically significant result with pre-test and post-test mean of p value 0.05. Conclusion: The study concluded that the Modified Epley�s manoeuver and Cawthorne�Cooksey exercise had statistically significant improvement in balance confidence and reduction in the intensity of dizziness in posterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo participants as compared to Brandt-Daroff exercise and Gaze stability exercise.

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Modified Epley�sManeuver, Cawthrone-Cooksey exercise, Brandt- Daroff exercise, Gaze Stability exercise, Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV), Balance Confidence.

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India is blessed with an immense diversity of land forms and plant and animal life. It is home to majestic snowclad mountain ranges as well as to endless sandy stretches of deserts or the salty seas. A diverse range of lifeforms thrive everywhere. It is our duty to conserve and protect the diversity for future generations and that is exactly why we have national parks, wildlife sanctuaries and bio-reserves. Hazaribagh wildlife sanctuary supports different kinds of eco-systems and the aim is to maintain them unaltered. Hazaribagh wildlife sanctuary is a veritable shangrila of compact forest land endowed with distinctive flora and fauna. The wildlife reserves of Raja Ramgarh was declared as a wildlife sanctuary. The wildlife sanctuary has a separate range and distinction under Hazaribagh forest division. The biotic and environmental factors and strifed ecological habitat has been already come to weigh heavy on the vitality of the wildlife sanctuary. The forest occupy a special significance on the wildlife map, so far as they are uniquely large and compact tract well connected to the district headquarters of Hazaribagh by Ranchi-Patna National Highway 33. The wildlife sanctuary has been known as the home of the sambhars, the largest species of India. The habitat is shared by some other herbivores also like the cheetal, wild boar and bluebull etc. The sanctuary provides an ideal place for behavioral studies of sambhar in their home land.

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Research (Case Study)

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India and Afghanistan have had a strong relationship based on historical links. The role of India in the reconstruction and development of Afghanistan has tightened their ties furthermore. The relationship between both the countries remained strong even during the war between India and Pakistan in 1965. However, with the emergence of the Taliban in Afghanistan, the role of India in Afghanistan was affected. The close relationship of the Taliban with Pakistan further worsened the role of India in Afghanistan. Later in 2001, with the emergence of the Karzai regime once again India renewed her ties with Afghanistan and set up new interest for herself in the country. The regime promised India a stable relation with Afghanistan and the fall of Taliban worked to India�s advantage. The Strategic Partnership Agreement between India and Afghanistan gave new promises to their relationship. However, the close ties between there two countries was of a great concern for Pakistan. This article tries to answer certain questions related to India, Afghanistan and Pakistan. Why India shows great interest in Afghanistan? Is India�s interest in Afghanistan purely economic in nature? How does India�s role in Afghanistan concern Pakistan?

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India, Afghanistan, Taliban, SPA, ICCF, Pakistan, first use,

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lkjka�k %& izLrqr �kks/ki= esa Hkkjr ds lw{e] y?kq o e/;e m|ksax dh orZeku fLFkfr o pqukSfr;ksa ij izdk�k Mkyk x;k gS] lw{e] y?kq o e/;e m|ksx dks Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk dk jh<+ dgk tkrk gS] D;ksfd ;g gekjs ns�k ds lexz vkS|ksfxd f�;kdykiksa esa egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku nsdj jkstxkj l`tu dks c<+kok nsus esa eg�kh Hkwfedk fuHkk jgs gSA ;g yxHkx 12 djksM+ ls vf/kd yksxksa dks jkstxkj iznku djrk gSA Lo&jkstxkj ,oa vU; jkstxkj ds volj l`ftr djus dh fn�kk esa ;g {ks= d`f�k {ks= ds ckn lokZf/kd jkstxkj ds volj miyC/k djokrk gS o jk�V�h; vk; esa o`f} vkSj /ku dk leku forj.k lqfuf�pr djus o {ks=h; vlarqyu dks de djus] ftlls xzkeh.k vkSj fiNM+s {ks=ksa ds vkS|ksfxdj.k esa enn djrk gS vkSj fofuekZ.k mRiknu ds 45 izfr�kr ds lkFk&lkFk ns�k ds fu;kZr dk 40 izfr�kr ,e,l,ebZ {ks= esa gksrk gSA orZeku esa ns�k dh thMhih esa ,e,l,ebZ dk ;ksxnku 29 izfr�kr gS] blds vfrfjDr ,e,l,ebZ ds Jfed&iwWth vuqikr Hkh vR;f/kd gSA

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�kCndks�k %&lao/kZu] fofu;fer] Lo&jkstxkj] lw{e] foi.ku] ykyQhrk�kkgh] czkaM] mnkjhdj.kA

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The state of Jammu and Kashmir has been an object of dispute between India and Pakistan since their emergence from the detritus of the British Indian Empire in August 1947. The two nuclear-armed states have not only fought three bloody wars in the region but have also been fighting shadow wars for quite some time. Today there is a flood of resources are available on views of leaders of both of this country. This paper attempts to study Gandhi�s views and to analyze his role on Kashmir Issue. The views of Gandhi have relatively significant because he was considered as objective leader between these two countries at that time and also played the role of arbitrator between these two countries.

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Maharaja Hari Singh, Sheikh Abdullah, Kashmiriyat, Kabalis, United Nations

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This paper mainly deals with Swami Vivekananda�s one of the most important and universal utterance- �Arise, awake, and stop not till the goal is reached.� delivered in Kumbakonam, Tamilnadu in a lecture about �The Mission of Vedanta� to the Indians to get out them from their hypnotized mind in the year Feb, 1897. This paper has tried to found the educative value of this utterance by analyzing the intrinsic, eternal and universal meaning of this utterance, relation and relevancy of this utterance in the field of education and day to day life. For fulfilling this purpose, data has been collected from some primary and secondary sources. In the context of 19th century Swamiji gave this message to the Indians. But nowadays in contemporary India it is still extremely important in the context of the nature of the human beings and social system. Further it is closely related to the aims and goals of education and human life, and what are the ways to get rid from this hypnotization according to Swamiji, have been discussed briefly in this study.

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Arise, Awake, Educative Value, Goal, Utterance.

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South Africa, was once the Republiek Van Suid-Afrika and apartheid, is now a Rainbow Nation. Having begun to declare their independence from the colonial rule of Great Britain as early as in 1910 through the creation of the Union, the Africans seem to have taken a wrong turn somewhere. Through the apartheid regime the white people continued oppressing and discriminating against the Black (African Coloured) and Indian population of South Africa. The National Party, mainly a white nationalist party, won the 1948 election, ensuring the legal birth of apartheid. In the decades that followed, restrictions and laws were passed which made the border between the white �masters� and the natives even larger. There is a tradition in South African literature where the farm represents, or is parallel to the country of South Africa itself. In his essay collection White Writing, Coetzee talks about how the plaasroman amongst others, have participated in justifying white land ownership and the construction of an inseparable bond between the Afrikaans man and the land. Thus, his thoughts in Boyhood underline the need for the Afrikaner to construct a bond and a justification to a land which he has in his secret heart and does not belong to him.

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Coetzee, South Africa, apartheid colonialism, post- colonialism, oppression, discrimination, hagemony

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Present finding in Semnopithecus entellus supports sexual excitement behaviour. Observation suggests that the Hanuman langur also anticipated the sexual desire presence of females. So penile erection occurs in entellus. Field observation on emotional behaviour suggest that the more frequency of sexual anticipation happened in presence of opposed sex member. Out of total episodes of sexual excitement, 17.71% is spontaneous or random erection and 82.28% of penile erection in the presence of adult were observed during 2017-18 field survey study.

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Hanuman langur, Anticipation, emotional behaviour, Bisexual troops

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It is a complicated & universal truth of our every usual life.

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Microsoft

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