Volume 12 | Issue 9

 Abstract

This research project explores the history of drug consumption worldwide, examining the differences in consumption rates and ratios across various ages, periods, and demographics. It delves into the significance and repercussions of drug consumption in society, identifying the root causes of social crime, unrest, brain drain, poverty, and destruction of identity. Additionally, it investigates the role of power dynamics in drug abuse and proposes strategies for combating the nexus between corporate, political, and individual interests.

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Moral Pollution and Social Decay: The Impact of Drug Consumption on Society

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The coming of 5G correspondence frameworks denotes a critical achievement in the development of broadcast communications, promising unrivalled network, low idleness, and high information rates. Be that as it may, the arrangement of 5G organizations accompanies its arrangement of difficulties going from specialized obstacles to administrative worries. This examination paper plans to investigate the headways in 5G correspondence frameworks, featuring the difficulties experienced in its execution and the valuable open doors it presents for different areas. Through a broad survey of existing writing and examination of industry drifts, this paper gives bits of knowledge into the extraordinary capability of 5G innovation and recommends systems to address its related difficulties.

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5G Communication Systems, Enhanced Data Rates, Massive Machine-Type Communication, Security and Privacy Concerns

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This study endeavoured to conduct a comparative analysis of Odonate species, within discrete regions along the Meenachil and Pampa rivers, specifically in the Malarikkal and Parumala areas, throughout the period from March 1st to April 30th, 2023. The inquiry encompassed weekly visits to the designated study sites, where meticulous documentation of observations was conducted. A comprehensive analysis unveiled a total of 25 Odonate species in both regions. The Malarikkal region demonstrated heightened diversity with 18 dragonfly and 7 damselfly species, while the Parumala region exhibited comparatively diminished diversity, encompassing 7 dragonfly and 4 damselfly species. Regarding species diversity indices, Malarikkal exhibited values of 0.2022 for dragonflies and 0.25 for damselflies, indicating a moderately diverse Odonate community. Conversely, the Parumala region displayed lower diversity indices, with values of 0.0875 for dragonflies and 0.2857 for damselflies. These observations suggest discernible variations in Odonate species composition and diversity between the two regions. In summary, this study furnishes valuable insights into the Odonate fauna of the Meenachil and Pampa rivers, thereby contributing to the elucidation of regional biodiversity. The discerned distinctions in species composition and diversity underscore the imperative for targeted conservation initiatives in these aquatic ecosystems.

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Odonata, species diversity index, dragonflies, damselflies, Meenachil River basin, Pampa River basin

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Tasmai Sri Gurave Namaha, Category:Humanities

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Tasmai Sri Gurave Namaha, Category:Humanities

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Emotional maturity is an ability to manage, express and balance emotions in such a way is that promotes personal growth and harmonious relations. It is beyond age and appearance. Unlike physical maturity it comes naturally with time. Emotional maturity involves self-awareness and deliberate efforts. Hallmark of emotional maturity is the skill to control emotions. Emotional maturity is very important in individual's life especially in adolescence period which is regarded as a period of 'stress and strain'. Those who lack emotional maturity may find themselves overwhelmed by anger, sadness, or frustration, leading to ill mental health. Present study is an attempt to investigate the impact of mental health on emotional maturity of secondary school students. The sample comprised of 500 senior secondary school students from Mandi and Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh. The data is collected through 'Emotional Maturity Scale' developed by the researcher and 'Mental Health Scale' developed by Sushma Talesara and Akhtar Bano (2017). For the analysis of data, the statistics like mean, standard deviation and 't'-test are employed. The findings of this study presented that level of mental health affects the secondary school student's emotional maturity in a significant manner. Suggestions for improving student's mental health are also drawn.

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Emotional Maturity, Mental Health, Secondary School Students

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Hemoglobin estimation is an important screening test for patients. Despite many methods available, each method has some advantages and disadvantages. Hemoglobin estimation by Digital Hemoglobin Meter proved to be a very reliable, sophisticated, appropriate and ideal especially for some particular setup like blood donation / premedical screening and also reliable in comparison to hematology analyzer. Materials and Methods: A study of 350 Single donor platelet donors to evaluate a Promea's Digital Hemoglobin Meter (Dr. Protech H) was done in a laboratory from November 2022 to December 2022.and data were compared to Sysmex KX 21 cell counter which is one of the most accurate methods for Hemoglobin estimation. Out of 350 donors 247 were male and 103 were female. Mean value of Promea's Digital Hemoglobin Meter (Dr. Protech H) (mean 14.0 g/dl) was slightly lower by 0.2 compared to reference (mean 14.2 g/dl) but not statistically significant. In comparison to cell counter Promea's Digital Hemoglobin Meter (Dr. Protech H) proved to be the cost effective with sensitivity and specificity more than 95%. This indicates high precision. Conclusion Promea's Digital Hemoglobin Meter (Dr. Protech H) gives comparable results to cell counter and hence proved to be reliable, easy to operate and cost effective.

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ASSESSMENT AND AUTHENTICATION OF PROMEA THERAPEUTIC'S INDIGENOUS DIGITAL HEMOGLOBIN METER (DR. PROTECH H) IN COMPARISION WITH THE RESULTS OF HEMATOLOGY ANALYZER

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Industry 4.0 focuses on the shift towards digital transformation, integrating advanced technologies such as those of robotics and artificial intelligence to improve manufacturing units. Aerial robots, including ornithopters and drones, are playing a major role in this change. Aerial robots inspired by birds, offer new found agility and efficiency, making them suitable for complicated tasks such as surveillance, delivery, and environmental monitoring. This paper reviews various aerial robots, highlighting their bioinspired designs and capabilities. These robots demonstrate diverse applications in industrial settings, contributing to enhanced operational efficiency, safety, and data collection. Despite challenges such as payload limitations and control complexities, there is ongoing research and development in the advancement in the field of aerial robotics, which aligns with the goals of Industry 4.0 to create smarter, more agile, and efficient industrial systems.

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Industry 4.0, Robotics, Automation

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Mastitis is the most common disease in dairy cows and buffaloes and has well-documented negative effects on animal welfare and dairy farm profitability. Antimicrobial treatment of infection can help to eliminate or reduce the occurrence of mastitis infection. The widespread use of antibiotics raised concerns about the emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens, prompting the dairy industry to reduce antibiotic use. As a result, alternative therapies for the prevention and treatment of bovine mastitis, particularly natural products derived from plants and animals, have been sought. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a highly adaptable bacteria that may develop biofilms in certain situations. This study aims to explore the virulence character like biofilm production and resistance to antimicrobials of E. coli which are isolated from the bubaline mastitis milk samples. 16 milk samples from buffaloes with mastitis in coastal Andhra Pradesh were used in the current study. The original biochemical assays used to identify these isolates were the Indole test, Methyl red, Catalase, Spot Oxidase, Voges-Proskauer, Haemolytic activity on 5% Sheep Blood agar, and Biofilm Activity on Congo Red Agar. By using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique, the susceptibility of six antimicrobials to verified E.coli isolates was evaluated. By using biochemical techniques, 5 samples from the 16 isolates were tentatively positive for E. Coli. The drug with the greatest level of resistance was penicillin (100 %). The findings indicate that the organisms are able to produce biofilm. They are rapidly gaining genes that make them resistant to the standard antibiotics used to treat mastitis. In vitro study demonstrates the efficacy of penicillin against gram-positive mastitis pathogen is high.

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Antimicrobial resistance, Biofilm, Escherichia coli, Mastitis, Mammary gland, Milk samples

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Typhoid fever is a serious bacterial infection caused by Salmonella Typhi (S.Typhi).This disease is widespread in many low and middle income countries, where it poses a significant public health burden. In contrast, high income countries typically only see typhoid fever cases in travelers who have recently visited areas where the disease is common. Unfortunately, data shows that many travelers fail to get vaccinated against typhoid fever before visiting these high-risk areas.The management of typhoid fever is becoming increasingly complicated due to the growing problem of antibiotic resistance. The emergence of drug-resistant S.Typhi strains has made it harder to treat the disease, and this resistance has spread globally, affecting both local populations in endemic regions and travelers alike. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of several key aspects related to typhoid fever.

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Typhoid, Salmonella typhi, .drug resistant

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Pregnancy is a particular time for all women. Diabetes mellitus is a global increase problem. This condition becomes even more delicate when there is a diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus which makes necessary control and therapies that will affect the women's life. Gdm can leads to potential risk for the mother, fetus and child development. Gdm represent glucose level in high end of population distribution during pregnancy gdm carries a small but potentially importance risk of adverse prenatal outcomes and longer term risk of obesity and glucose intolerance in offspring mother with gdm have excess of hypertensive disorder during pregnancy and high risk of dm. Diagnosing and treatment of gdm can reduce prenatal complication, but only a small fraction of pregnancies benefit. If the gdm is left untreated it can be leads to more complication for both mother and fetus. Gestational diabetes increases your risk of C-section birth the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (gdm) is on the rise globally. This global increase occurring mostly in developing countries like india where to assess maternal care is often limited. Recently, prevalence of gdm was found to be 18% in hapo study (hyperglycemia and adverse pregnancy outcome). Knowledge about gdm among women will translate into adaption of healthy life style.

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Gestational diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemia, prenatal complication

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A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PLANNED TEACHING PROGRAMME ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING CHILDHOOD BEHAVIOURAL DISORDERS AMONG SELECTED SCHOOL'S TEACHERS OF DISTRICT MANDI (HP).

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Social intelligence helps an individual to develop healthy co-existence with other people and society. It can help us in managing our personal life, interpersonal relationships and help in achieving success in all the walks of life with the help of effective life skills. This paper begins by looking at basics of social intelligence of higher secondary level students. The study examines social intelligence skills and aspects among the higher secondary level students. Social intelligence is important for career and personal development of an individual. It can be learned, developed and used as an effective life skill. The successful diplomat, administrator, salesman, minister, teacher must be socially intelligent as one's success will depend as much on social sense as on formal training. The present study is mainly focused on the social intelligence of the higher secondary level students, who are in adolescent period.

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social intelligence, higher secondary students

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In the medical field, the diagnosis of heart disease is the most difficult task. The diagnosis of heart disease is difficult as a decision relied on grouping of large clinical and pathological data. Due to this complication, the interest increased in a significant amount between the researchers and clinical professionals about the efficient and accurate heart disease prediction. In case of heart disease, the correct diagnosis in early stage is important as time is the very important factor. Heart disease is the principal source of deaths widespread, and the prediction of Heart Disease is significant at an untimely phase. Machine learning in recent years has been the evolving, reliable and supporting tools in medical domain and has provided the greatest support for predicting disease with correct case of training and testing. The main idea behind this work is to study diverse prediction models for the heart disease and selecting important heart disease feature using Random Forests algorithm. Random Forests is the Supervised Machine Learning algorithm which has the high accuracy compared to other Supervised Machine Learning algorithms such as logistic regression etc. By using Random Forests algorithm we are going to predict if a person has heart disease or not.

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Machine Learning, Random Forests, logistic regression ,Image processing

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The role of women in orienting life and family were elucidated in Rig Vedic age. They enjoyed independence and self-reliance. Besides their domestic role, they had every access to education with tremendous potential to realize the highest truths. Many of them were seers who had an intellectual and spiritual depth. Women played an important role in maintaining the economic status of the family with the occupation of spinning, weaving, and needlework. Widow's remarriage was permitted in Rig Vedic society as evidenced in the funeral hymn in the Rig Veda. Caste system in the society did not seem to be strict. During this time inter-caste marriages took place in society. Women learned several disciplines that included vocal and instrumental music and dance. Women were also allowed to learn martial pursuits. Respect and value of the women in the Vedic society not merely as household mistress but also as individuals with great potential to contribute to human society were revealed.Women were encouraged to study the scriptures and were given Upanayana Samskara (initiation into learning). They were considered to be the custodians of purity and perseverance. In the interest of the society and interest of the family, women enjoyed independence and self-reliance. The situation of the women during that period as derived from a study of the Rig Veda is described below.Women were respected and valued in the Vedic society not merely as mothers for bringing in a new generation, but also as individuals with great potential to perceive the truth and contribute richly to human society. There is much than modern society can learn from that period.In the Rig Vedic society, there were no discriminatory practices in the society against women. In fact, many of them achieved great fame like Vishwara, Ghosha, Upala and Mudgalini. Many of these female scholars composed hymns of Rigveda

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UPANAYANA SAMSKARA - SAMHITAS OF YAJUR VEDA- SAMITI- SAWAMBAR- SATI PRATHA- PURDAH SYSTEM- B.C.E- GURUKULAS- RIG VEDA SLOKAS- KSHATRIYA-BRAHMINS- SUDRA- VAISHYA- EPICS - NIYOGA- BRAHMAVADINIS- GOSHA- GODHA- VISHWAVARA,-APALA- SADYODVAHAS- AMAJUR- VADHRIMATI - VISHPALA

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Anxiety has become a serious concern in second language learning over the past years and is an issue that triggers different views. Many researches were guided previously on different kinds of anxiety on students during examination and inside the classrooms. While no research is done on this issue in Kurdistan part of Iraq. For this reason, this study aims to examine factors that cause anxiety on students in a negative way. Semi-structured way of data collection used in this study based on Grounded Theory. Ten Participants were involved in this research. They were students of Fakhir Mergasouri international school located in Erbil of Iraq. Data were analyzed to discover the effect of anxiety on the overall performance of the student, after being collected in semi-structured process and through Grounded Theory. The finding of the study is that anxiety has a negative impact on students during examination period inside exam halls. The significance of the study is to help the student relieve and decrease the amount of anxiety.

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Language anxiety, Anxiety theories, Exam anxiety.

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Abstract This study explores the prospects and challenges of Augmented Reality (AR) technology in Indian tourism industry. With rapid advancements in technology, AR has emerged today as a promising tool to enhance tourism experiences and engagement. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate how AR can be used to make India a world tourism hub. However, integrating AR into India's tourism sector is fraught with a number of challenges that deserve closer scrutiny. Understanding these challenges is crucial for stakeholders, including technology developers, tourism operators, policymakers, and local communities, to develop strategies that can overcome these hurdles. By addressing these issues, India can harness the full potential of AR to offer innovative and compelling tourist experiences, ultimately contributing to the growth and sustainability of country's tourism industry.

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Keywords: Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality, Tourism, COVID-19

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Aim: To determine binocular summation of surgically treated intermittent Esotropia (ET) patients by measuring the Visual acuity threshold. Introduction: Intermittent Esotropia (IET) is a disorder of ocular misalignment. It manifests frequently when one views a distant visual target or has illness or fatigue, but maintains a good alignment and binocular fusion when focusing on the visual target for near. So, their otherwise normal vision function can be disrupted intermittently by a sudden inward deviation of one eye (1). During the intermittent deviation of one eye, binocular fusion gets interrupted. To prevent diplopia, the brain begins to suppress visual information from the peripheral temporal retina in each eye (3-5). The suppression can eventually become permanent and worsen fusion. Method: We enrolled 38 ET patients who had undergone strabismus surgery at least a year prior to this study, including 21 with good alignment and 17 with recurrence after their surgery, ranging from 12 to 48 months. The patients with good alignment were defined as eso-deviation <= 10 prism diopter (pd) and no vertical misalignment both at near and distance viewing; while with recurrence were those whose eso-deviation more than 10 pd at near (33 cm) or distance (6 m) viewing (13). All of these patients had been successfully corrected at 3-month post-surgery, which is the routine follow-up time for assessment, and a detailed examination would be performed at that time. Moreover, we recruited 20 normal subjects, who had matched age and refractive diopter, as controls. Result: The BCVA of all the enrolled participants were >= 20/20. Based on their post- operative esodeviation, we divided the participants into two groups: those with recurrence and those with good alignment. The participants with recurrence (17 patients) ET post operative BiS have diplopia or decreased BiS after the range of time (12-48 months). The eso-deviation of ET good alignment was mean deviation of 0 to 10 pd at 33 cm and 0 to 10 pd at 6 m. While for the patients with recurrence, it was 11 to 25 pd for near and 11 to 20 pd for distance, respectively. There was a significant difference in the extent of near and far eso-deviation in patients with recurrent eso-drift compared to those with good alignment .

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Binocular summation, intermittent Esotropia, good alignment, recurrence, Visual acuity threshold level.

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Bharat Ki Videsh Neeti Ko Aakar Dene Me Soft Power Ki Bhumika: Dakshin Asia me Bharat Ki Sanskritik Kootneeti Ka Vishleshan

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Bharat Ki Videsh Neeti Ko Aakar Dene Me Soft Power Ki Bhumika: Dakshin Asia me Bharat Ki Sanskritik Kootneeti Ka Vishleshan

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The focus of this article is on Amitav Ghosh's novel The Shadow Lines and its postcolonialist themes. The effects of colonialism on the societies and cultures of Calcutta and Dhaka, two significant nearby cities, have been intertwined into and examined by him. The novel presents a comprehensive political and cultural transformation, shedding light on the early realization of the social, psychological, and cultural inferiority imposed by invaders. It also portrays the battle of subaltern people for political, cultural, and ethnic autonomy. To demonstrate his interest in capturing the aftermath of colonization, particularly in an era following freedom, the author subtly and overtly sprinkles postcolonial ideas throughout the entire book. Consequently, the purpose of this article is to examine the novel's general structure using a postcolonial framework.

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Hybridity, postcolonialism, Amitav Ghosh, Dhaka

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