Volume 13 | Issue 9

 Abstract

Tamaka Shwasa is a chronic and recurrent respiratory disorder described in Ayurvedic Samhitas, closely resembling bronchial asthma in modern medicine. It is characterized by Shwasa Kashtata (dyspnea), Ghurghuraka (wheezing), Kasa (cough), and episodes of Paroxysmal Shwasa often aggravated by environmental triggers, diet, and seasonal variations. In children, Tamaka Shwasa presents with unique clinical challenges due to immature respiratory physiology, genetic predisposition, and environmental susceptibility. Ayurvedic texts describe it as a Yapya Vyadhi (manageable but not completely curable), caused primarily by Vata-Kapha Dosha Prakopa with Pranavaha Srotodushti. Modern pediatrics correlates it with bronchial asthma, emphasizing immune hyper-responsiveness and airway inflammation. Early diagnosis and holistic management are crucial to reduce morbidity and prevent long-term complications. Integrating Ayurvedic approaches with modern pediatric care offers a promising path for improving quality of life and minimizing relapses in children with Tamaka Shwasa.

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Agnimandya, Duralabha, Shwasahara, Yapya Vyadhi.

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Nomophobia, or "no mobile phone phobia," is a psychological condition characterized by fear or anxiety when individuals are without access to a mobile phone. With smartphones becoming integral to daily life, especially among youth, nomophobia has emerged as a significant public health concern. Aim: The present study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of nomophobia and its association with selected sociodemographic variables among undergraduate students in Thrissur District, Kerala. Materials and Methods: A descriptive research design was adopted, and data were collected from 160 undergraduate students using a structured online questionnaire distributed via social media. Descriptive and inferential statistics were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: Of the 160 participants, 156 (97.5%) exhibited some level of nomophobia, while only 4 (2.5%) showed no signs. Among those affected, 62 (38.75%) had mild nomophobia, 67 (41.88%) had moderate, and 27 (16.88%) had severe nomophobia. Significant associations were observed between nomophobia and monthly family income, family type, smartphone price, daily usage duration, data consumption, and purpose of smartphone use. Conclusion: The study demonstrates a high prevalence of nomophobia among undergraduate students and emphasizes the need for awareness initiatives and behavioral interventions to reduce smartphone dependency, promote mindful usage, and enhance mental health and digital well-being among young adults.

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Nomophobia, Smartphone Addiction, Undergraduate Students, Mental Health, Digital Dependence

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ABSTRACT The Arthashastra, an influential ancient Indian treatise on statecraft and economic policy, is attributed to Kautilya or Chanakya or Vishnugupta and composed during the rise of the Mauryan Empire. It presents a comprehensive framework for governance that situates economic prosperity (Artha) as the foundation of state power and stability. Kautilya's economic philosophy emphasises a strong and interventionist state as the driving force behind growth, security, and public welfare. His detailed prescriptions on public finance, agriculture, trade, and social security resonate with many principles embedded in modern economic systems. Notably, his vision of a welfare-oriented, developmental state prefigures contemporary notions of state-led development, inclusive growth, and strategic trade policy. At the same time, the text reveals a persistent tension between its autocratic, realpolitik-driven model of governance and the ideals of liberal democracy and free-market capitalism. Rather than a universal blueprint for development, the Arthashastra should be understood as a nuanced and pragmatic intellectual resource, whose enduring significance lies in its welfare-centric approach to statecraft and its ability to provide an alternative perspective to dominant Western economic thought. KEYWORDS: Artha, Yoga Kshema, Public Finance,Taxation, Industrial Policy

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KEYWORDS: Artha, Yoga Kshema, Public Finance,Taxation, Industrial Policy

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Parking is a critical element of urban transportation planning as it directly influences traffic flow, land use, and overall mobility within cities. A parking study provides systematic analysis of parking demand, supply, usage patterns, and management practices to ensure efficient utilization of space and smooth movement of vehicles. This paper highlights the significance of parking studies in addressing congestion, improving accessibility, and supporting sustainable transport systems. It reviews different types of parking facilities such as on-street and off-street parking, surface lots, multi-level parking structures, mechanical parking systems, and smart parking technologies while discussing their suitability in diverse urban contexts. Furthermore, the study examines the methodologies used in parking surveys, including inventory, accumulation, duration, turnover, and occupancy studies, to evaluate parking performance. The findings emphasize the role of effective parking management in reducing traffic congestion, enhancing safety, and optimizing land use planning.

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Parking study, Traffic flow, Urban transportation planning, On-street parking, Off-street parking, Parking surveys, Parking management, Land use planning, Congestion reduction, Sustainable transportation

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In recent years, psychological well-being has become a primary concern in adult mental health discourse, particularly because of the rising incidence of stress, anxiety, and emotional disturbances. Meditation has emerged as a widely accepted complementary practice, with Raja yoga meditation being distinguished by its spiritual and cognitive benefits. Unlike conventional meditation, Raja yoga involves open-eyed introspection, positive affirmations, and a connection with the Supreme Soul. This review examines the empirical evidence and theoretical perspectives surrounding the practice of Raja yoga meditation and its impact on adults' psychological well-being. Findings from various studies suggest positive outcomes, including enhanced emotional regulation, resilience, self-awareness, and life satisfaction. This study also identifies gaps in the existing literature and discusses the implications of integrating Raja yoga meditation into mainstream mental health strategies.

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Raja yoga Meditation, Psychological Well-being, Adults, Mental Health, Spiritual Practices, Emotional Regulation.

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In this research, we studied the process of women's empowerment through forest products in the Sonbhadra region of Uttar Pradesh. In India, women are often bound by traditional roles and domestic responsibilities, which affect their economic and social status. However, when it comes to forest resources, they present a significant opportunity for women. The main objective of the research is to understand how forest products, such as fruits, medicinal plants, and other raw materials, can make women self-reliant. We aim to explore how women's participation in the collection, exploration, and marketing of these products can aid their economic and social empowerment. Using a stratified sampling method, we collected data through interviews and concluded that women's involvement in the forest product economy not only empowers them economically but also improves their social standing. When women become economically self-sufficient, their confidence increases, and they start participating more actively in community decision-making processes. Additionally, the roles of community cooperation and education are found to be extremely important in this process. Ultimately, this research can serve as a guide not only for the Sonbhadra region but for women's empowerment across India. Thus, the study provides valuable insights into the empowerment of women through forest products, which could be useful for future policy-making and implementation.

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Tribes, Market, MFP, Women Empowerment

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Colocasia esculenta (taro) is a staple food crop widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions and has been recognized for centuries for its nutritional and ethnomedicinal significance. Traditionally, various parts of the plant--including corms, leaves, and petioles--have been employed in the management of gastrointestinal disorders, inflammation, respiratory ailments, and skin diseases. Modern phytochemical investigations have revealed that C. esculenta is a rich source of bioactive compounds such as phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, and polysaccharides, which contribute to its broad pharmacological potential. Experimental studies have demonstrated antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, and immunomodulatory activities, making it a promising candidate for novel therapeutic development. Beyond its medicinal relevance, C. esculenta is emerging as an industrially valuable crop, with applications in starch production, biodegradable films, functional foods, and nutraceutical formulations. Its high starch content and physicochemical properties offer opportunities for innovation in the food, pharmaceutical, and packaging industries. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of traditional knowledge, phytochemistry, pharmacological findings, and industrial applications of C. esculenta, critically analyzing current evidence and identifying research gaps. Future perspectives are also discussed, with an emphasis on molecular studies, clinical validation, and biotechnological approaches to maximize its therapeutic and commercial potential.

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Colocasia esculenta, Taro, Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, Antioxidant Activity, Antidiabetic Potential, Nutraceuticals, Industrial Applications, Therapeutic Development, Future Research.

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Diabetic wounds, particularly diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), remain one of the most challenging complications of diabetes mellitus, affecting up to 25% of diabetic patients in their lifetime. Impaired wound healing arises from hyperglycemia-driven oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, angiogenic dysfunction, neuropathy, and a high susceptibility to infection. Conventional dressings often fail to address the multifactorial pathology of diabetic wounds. Hydrogel-based dressings have emerged as promising biomaterials, providing a moist wound environment, exudate absorption, and delivery of therapeutic agents. Carbopol, a synthetic cross-linked polyacrylic acid polymer, has demonstrated favourable physicochemical and rheological properties for hydrogel formulations. Meanwhile, Moringa oleifera, known as the "miracle tree," possesses root-derived phytochemicals such as flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and phenolic compounds, which exhibit potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects. Incorporating Moringa oleifera root extract into Carbopol hydrogels offers a novel therapeutic strategy to accelerate wound closure, reduce infection, and modulate oxidative stress in diabetic wounds. This review explores the pathology of diabetic wounds, hydrogel-based interventions, formulation approaches, mechanisms of action, evaluation, applications, and future perspectives for Carbopol-based hydrogels containing Moringa oleifera root extract

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Moringa oleifera, Antioxidant activity, Anti-microbial activity, Diabetic foot ulcer, Phytochemicals, Chronic wound healing, Smart hydrogel dressing

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Oral diseases, including periodontitis, gingivitis, oral mucositis, and dental caries, remain among the most prevalent chronic conditions worldwide, affecting millions of people across diverse age groups and contributing significantly to morbidity and reduced quality of life. Conventional therapeutic strategies, such as systemic antibiotics, corticosteroids, and chemical mouth rinses, provide symptomatic relief but are often associated with several limitations, including adverse effects, altered taste perception, mucosal irritation, poor patient compliance, and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. These challenges highlight the pressing need for alternative therapies that are safe, effective, and patient-friendly. Herbal medicines have emerged as promising candidates for oral healthcare due to their multifaceted pharmacological activities and relatively low toxicity profiles. Among various medicinal plants, Scutellaria baicalensis (Huang Qin), a perennial herb of the Lamiaceae family, has garnered considerable attention for its therapeutic potential in oral conditions. The root of S. baicalensis is rich in bioactive flavonoids, primarily baicalin, baicalein, and wogonin, which exhibit potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and wound-healing properties. Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that these flavonoids can inhibit key oral pathogens such as Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Candida albicans, while modulating inflammatory pathways such as NF-?B and MAPK, and reducing oxidative stress. Formulating S. baicalensis into mucoadhesive herbal gels enables localized drug delivery, prolonged retention at the site of action, and controlled release of active constituents, thereby enhancing therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic side effects. These gels provide a patient-friendly alternative to conventional therapies, especially for populations with poor compliance to oral rinses or systemic medications.

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Anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, Scutellaria baicalensis, Mucoadhesive gel, Baicalin, Periodontitis, Oral ulcers, Gingivitis, Flavonoids, Topical drug delivery

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In today's volatile financial markets, technology-driven decision-making is becoming increasingly important. Traditional trading platforms often lack personalization, predictive intelligence, and seamless integration with modern technologies. This research paper presents the design and implementation of a modern trading platform that integrates a MongoDB database, machine learning (ML) models in Python, and a full-stack web architecture using React and Node.js. The system is designed to connect with live stock market APIs, process financial data in real time, and generate intelligent predictions that guide users in making trading decisions. The platform includes user authentication, portfolio management, risk assessment, and ML-based stock movement prediction. In addition, modern UI/UX design principles are adopted to ensure a responsive and attractive frontend. The system is unique because it combines real-time financial data, cloud-ready backend architecture, and machine learning services, which makes it both scalable and adaptable. Experimental results demonstrate the system's capability to provide fast, accurate, and user-friendly insights compared to existing solutions. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of architecture, methodology, implementation, results, and future enhancements.

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Trading Platform, Machine Learning, MongoDB, React, Node.js, FastAPI, Stock Market Prediction, FinTech

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A study of the constitutional and legal provisions of child labour in India.

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A study of the constitutional and legal provisions of child labour in India.

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This review offers a holistic view of spousal homicides in India by integrating the available literature, official documents, and policy reviews to offer multidimensional solutions to this serious social problem. It is a systematic review of the trends, causation, and legal intervention against a domestic homicide of a spouse in India between 2010 and 2025, which indicates the apathetic character of intimate partner violence that leads to fatal consequences. According to the availability of the national crime statistics, academic sources, and the legislative acts such as the IPC Section 498A, the Dowry Prohibition Act and the Protection of Women against Domestic Violence Act, the given study identifies such significant reasons of spousal murders as dowry-related conflicts, domestic violence, financial problems, and social pressure. The review emphasizes the persistence of female victimization in the marital setting, yet also offers a shifting image of male victims, and the pressing need of more gender-neutral and inclusive legal safeguards.

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Spousal homicide, domestic violence, intimate partner violence, dowry-related violence, IPC Section 498A, "Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act", gender-neutral laws, India, legal reforms, victim protection.

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Discrimination against marginalized communities increases day by day, and countries are taking steps to address the same by modifying their policies in social, economic, and legal frameworks. Marginalized communities are excluded from mainstream socio, economic, political, educational, or cultural life. Women, people with disabilities, scheduled castes (Dalit), scheduled tribes, elderly or aged people, children, and sexual minorities are often marginalized from the mainstream social order. The Government and other agencies have been conducted many research and inclusive activities to adopt marginalized communities into the mainstream. This paper attempts to review studies related to the inclusion and inclusion policies of transgender communities around the globe--the review analyses transgender studies based on social, economic, and legal frameworks. The study concludes that discrimination against transgender communities still exists in many parts of the world.

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Transgender, Inclusion, Exclusion, Marginal Community, LGBT,

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This research paper analyzes the profound and multifaceted perspectives of the Indian knowledge tradition in the context of global challenges related to sustainability and environmental health. The paper highlights the limitations of the modern consumption-based Western development model and demonstrates how Indian philosophical and religious values can offer sustainable solutions to these challenges. Philosophically, the concept of E??v?syamida? Sarvam in Advaita Vedanta establishes the unity between nature and humans, while the Samkhya philosophy emphasizes balance between the individual and nature. The principles of Ahimsa (non-violence) and Asteya (non-stealing) in Yoga philosophy teach the mindful use of resources and instill compassion for all living beings. On the religious front, the Vedas establish the tradition of revering the five elements (Panchamahabhutas) and the Earth as a mother. Jainism's principle of Ahimsa and Buddhism's concept of Karuna (compassion) and Prat?tyasamutp?da (dependent origination) reflect respect for all life and the environmental consequences of actions. This research concludes that the holistic, ecology-centered perspective of the Indian knowledge tradition, grounded in deep interconnection between humanity, nature, and spirituality, provides essential guidance for a sustainable and harmonious future.

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Indian Knowledge Tradition, Sustainability, Environmental Health, Advaita Vedanta, Samkhya Philosophy, Yoga, Ahimsa, Jainism, Buddhism, E??v?syamida? Sarvam, Ecological Ethics, Nature Conservation

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Threshold SEO techniques operate at the edge of acceptable search engine practices, leveraging methods that blur the line between ethical optimization and manipulative tactics. These techniques aim to achieve quick ranking gains without immediately triggering penalties, but their sustainability and ethical implications remain contentious. This research examines the impact of threshold SEO on search engine credibility, website rankings, and the broader digital marketing ecosystem. By analysing search engine guidelines, real-world case studies, and the evolution of algorithms, the study highlights the short-term benefits, long-term risks, and potential influence on industry practices. The findings provide insights into balancing competitive SEO strategies with ethical considerations, offering recommendations for sustainable optimization approaches.

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Threshold SEO | Ethical SEO | Manipulative SEO techniques | Search engine optimization strategies | Gray hat SEO | Black hat SEO | White hat SEO | Digital marketing practices | SEO guidelines | Search engine penalties

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Fishery sector is an important source of income to a large number of rural population of Assam and it is also a vital source of revenue for the state economy. Assam is blessed with sufficient water resources comprising rivers, beels derelict water bodies, reservoirs and pond/ tank. This study focuses Fishery resources of Baska District, contribution of Baksa District Fisheries to the Assam economy. It also highlights problems of fisheries of Baksa District and some remedial measures to solve the problems.

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Fishery sector, Fishery Resources, Problems of Fishery sector.

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Epidural analgesia, Labour pain, Structured teaching program, Antenatal women, Knowledge.

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This paper examines the application of Unreal Engine in developing virtual reality (VR) educational games for visualizing complex systems, such as cosmic phenomena, high-energy physics detectors, and scientific simulations. By leveraging Unreal Engine's real-time rendering, Blueprint scripting, and VR capabilities, educators can create immersive experiences that enhance learning outcomes. The study reviews benefits including increased engagement and accessibility, provides examples from real-world projects, and discusses implementation strategies. Challenges like integration with scientific data and development complexity are addressed, concluding with recommendations for future educational game design.

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Virtual Reality, Unreal Engine, Educational Games, Complex Systems Visualization, Immersive Learning, Simulation-based Education

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The present paper develops a novel application of Bott-Chern cohomology, a twister of complex differential geometry, to formulate and optimize software update cascades on Internet of Things (IoT) networks, which serves as their security. IoT environments feature heterogeneous resource-constrained devices that are extremely vulnerable to cyber threats when software updates are not manufactured or are distorted in time. He states that light-touch dependencies and topological bottlenecks that may interfere with update propagation and cause systemic vulnerability are often ignored by traditional modeling techniques, such as graph-theoretic approaches. By encapsulating IoT networks as complex manifolds and modeling software updates and device dependencies using Bott-Chern cohomology classes, we formally identify inconsistencies, determine cascade failures, and assess the optimal update sequence in this research. Simulations show that our proposed cohomology-informed model outperforms the conventional techniques by achieving higher update success rates with fewer latency and greater resiliency to the adversarial attacks. The research emphasizes the use of cutting-edge mathematical tools in understanding critical cybersecurity problems in large-scale dynamically interacting IoT systems.

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Bott-Chern cohomology, IoT security, software update cascades, network modeling, cybersecurity, complex manifolds

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The image of women in the novels of Buchi Emecheta, whose fictional modes bring into sharp focus the African woman's struggle to act out her destiny in a tradition-bound society dominated by patriarchal attitudes. A study of this kind appeared to be in the context of the changing perceptions about women's roles and place in modern society. While the emphasis in the study is, therefore, naturally on how the images of women come across in the novels of Buchi Emecheta, there is no attempt to project an overtly feminist angle or present a specifically subversive feminist argument.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Gender/sex, Gender Inequality, Gender Oppression, Sexual Difference, Western Feminist Consciousness, Cultural Studies.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition