Volume 13 | Issue 9

 Abstract

Empowering women through self help groups: An Analytical Study

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Empowering women through self help groups: An Analytical Study

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Communities worldwide face increasing challenges posed by natural disasters, exacerbated by climate change. They have essential knowledge, experience, and abilities regarding building resilience, and have developed innovative approaches to reducing the everyday risks they face. This paper explores the transformative potential of community-based disaster preparedness initiatives in fostering resilience among vulnerable populations. With the increasing frequency and intensity of natural disasters, there is a growing recognition of the need for localized, community-driven strategies to mitigate risks and enhance preparedness. Drawing on case studies from diverse geographic and cultural contexts, this research examines the key components of successful community-based programs. The paper emphasizes the importance of community engagement and participatory processes in conducting localized risk assessments and developing tailored preparedness plans. It investigates the integration of traditional knowledge with modern technologies, such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and mobile applications, to create robust early warning systems that resonate with local communities. The paper further delves into innovative educational tools and capacity-building programs that empower communities to take an active role in their own resilience. It discusses the role of social networks, emphasizing the importance of fostering collaborative relationships between communities, local governments, NGOs, and other stakeholders. Finally, the research extends its focus beyond immediate response efforts, examining long-term strategies for building community resilience. This paper contributes to the evolving discourse on community-based disaster preparedness by providing practical insights and suggestions for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers who are trying to strengthen vulnerable communities' resilience in the face of changing climate and rising disaster risk.

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Disaster, Community Engagement, Disaster Preparedness, Innovative Approaches, Capacity Building

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Abstract: This article examines how Dandakaranya--the central Indian rehabilitation scheme for post-Partition refugees--functions as a recurring memory-landscape in Bengali Dalit writing. Instead of treating Dandakaranya only as an administrative site of resettlement, this study reads it as a portable topography that shapes narrative temporality, ethical judgment, and political claim in the life writings and testimonios of Bengali Dalit authors (notably Manoranjan Byapari and Jatin Bala). By juxtaposing parliamentary debates and policy documents with Dalit autobiographical texts and recent scholarship on refugee governance, conservation, and the Marichjhapi affair, I argue that Dandakaranya becomes in Dalit literature both an index of state failure and a mnemonic technology: a set of routes, queues, papers, and affinities that refugees carry into later settings (urban slums, reserve forests, courts). The article elaborates three interlinked claims: (1) Dalit writing transforms bureaucratic detail into moral evidence; (2) Dandakaranya-memory organizes nostalgia as critical evaluation rather than sentimental longing; and (3) the Dandakaranya -> return -> Marichjhapi sequence reveals continuities between development, conservation, and casteed governance. Close readings of texts, archival references (Rajya Sabha debates), and historiographic synthesis support the argument.

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Dandakaranya, Marichjhapi, Bengali Dalit Literature, Refugee Politics, Namasudra, Matua, Memory Landscapes, Exile, Migration.

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Tobacco is a harmful genotoxic natural compound. Tobacco smoke is harmful to smokers and to those exposed to Tobacco smoke. The chemicals found in bidi, cigarette, and cigar etc,. smoke are known for their toxicity. Nicotine, the principal pharmacologic agent common to all forms of Tobacco is a powerfully addicting drug. Thus nicotine in bidi smoke puts smokers at risk for addiction. Nicotine also has adverse effect on cardiovascular health. Tobacco is widely used in cigarette, cigar, chewing tobacco, gutkahs, etc.,. Exposure showed a high risk of human health and development of several types of oral cancers. A total of 56 male daily wage workers in Chandanagar area, Hyderabad, Telangana were investigated for genetic damage in buccal cells of exposed and control subjects. A questionnaire based survey was conducted and buccal smears were collected from oral cavity and analysed for nuclear damage. A high frequency of karyolysis and micronucleated cells were observed among males. The higher percentage of nuclear damage was observed in workers who were smokers. The habit of smoking resulted in the frequency of formation of micronuclei in buccal cells when compared with controls. The present study clearly reveals the mutagenic and genotoxic nature of tobacco and its products. It is necessary to educate the public about the adverse effects of tobacco consumption and prevent nicotine addiction, to decrease genetic damage and risk of serious diseases.

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Micronuclei, Buccal Mucosa, Smokers.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The idea of 'the world as one family' and the 'Global Village' has become more of a reality with the advent of globalisation and technological advancement. Indeed, travelling within the country as well as international travel has become a routine experience. Globalisation has made nations increasingly interdependent, whether in the transfer of raw materials, food, technology, ideas, or other resources. However, disruption in ecosystems and supply-chains are often perceived as unhealthy for development, as they may cause imbalances in the country's economy. Globalisation not only impacts the economy but also brings socio-political, socio-economic, and socio-cultural changes in everyday life. For instance, cultural globalisation propelled by a country's soft power - such as Yoga in India - has had a tremendous influence on culture and livelihood worldwide. The present paper attempts to study the pros and cons of globalisation and the changing livelihood patterns that shaping the lives of the tribal people of Arunachal Pradesh, particularly the Phong Nocte of Soha village.

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Global Village, Phong Nocte, ecosystem, supply-chain, Soha.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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War has far-reaching effects that extend beyond immediate battlefield consequences. It significantly impacts national economies, social cohesion, public health, and political stability while reshaping international relations, trade, and security paradigms. This article explores the multifaceted effects of war on both national and international levels, drawing on historical and contemporary examples to highlight economic, social, political, and human. War has devastating and far-reaching effects on human life, affecting individuals, communities, and nations. This research explores the psychological, social, economic, and physical impacts of war on civilians and combatants alike. It draws from historical and contemporary conflicts to understand the multifaceted consequences of warfare as well as role of India and United State as well as United National Organization and World Health Organization in preventing war affairs.

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National economies, social cohesion, public health, and political stability ,reshaping international relations, trade, and security paradigms, India , United State State, United Nation , World Health Organization.

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The introduction of mRNA vaccines are a powerful alternative to standard practices accepted vaccines for many reasons including: potent, safe and efficacious induced immunity, rapid clinical development, and rapid and economical manufacture. These vaccines are no longer a curiosity; rather they are earning their place as the pandemic vaccine platform. Advances in delivering systems (i.e. LNP and other nanotechnology) for developing mRNA vacancies are exciting and important. This review is an examinable history of every aspect of the mRNA vaccine for infectious diseases. The article focus on mRNA structure, pharmacological use and function of immunity induction, lipid nanoparticles (LNP), from upstream, through downstream, and formulation of mRNA vaccines for manufacture. The article is specific to mRNA vaccines in clinical trials. The article looks at the future and potential of mRNA vaccines freeze-drying, eyewear delivery systems, and LNP characteristics which target antigen presenting cells and dendric cells.

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Keywords:- mRNA structure; mRNA immunogenicity; mRNA vaccines clinical trials; lipid nanoparticles (LNPs); cationic lipids; ionizable lipids; PEGylated lipids; lyophilization of mRNA vaccines; adjuvants; antigen presentations

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HPMC K4M, HPMC K15M, and HPMC K100M polymers are used in this study to make floating tablets of famotidine hydrochloride. Drug Delivery systems that are floating in the stomach have a lower bulk density than gastric fluids, therefore they stay buoyant in the stomach for a lengthy period of time without impacting gastric emptying rate. In the treatment of gastroesophageal reflex disease (GERD) and peptic ulcer (PUD). Famotidine is a histamine H2 receptor antagonist (GERD). Famotidine is an excellent option for a floating drug delivery system because of its short half-life, brief time in the stomach, and repeated doses. Melt granulation technique was used to make famotidine floating tablets using HPMC K4M, HPMC K15M, and HPMC K100M. In vitro buoyancy, drug polymer compatibility (IR Research), weight fluctuation, hardness, friability, thickness, drug content and invitro dissolution experiments were all performed on the floating tablets. Using in vitro buoyancy and dissolvability experiments, we were able to establish that the micromeritic characteristic were excellent. HPMC K100M-based formulation F4 has an excellent in vitro buoyancy lag time and floating time, and in vitro dissolution investigations demonstrate a 96.78 percent release for 12 hours. As a result of the findings of this research, it can be concluded that famotidine floating tablets provide the potential for longest- term drug delivery and a consequent reduction in dosage frequency

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HPMC K4M, HPMC K15M, and HPMC K100M polymers, Famotidine Hydrochloride , Famotidine,

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition