Volume 13 | Issue 9

 Abstract

The convergence of Financial Technology (FinTech) and Agricultural Technology (AgriTech) is revolutionizing the agricultural landscape in both developing and developed economies. Traditionally underserved by formal financial and technological infrastructures, the agricultural sector is now experiencing a wave of innovation that promises to enhance productivity, improve access to markets and finance, and build climate resilience. This research article explores how FinTech and AgriTech are reshaping rural economies by providing solutions for long-standing problems such as lack of access to credit, crop failure risks, market inefficiencies, and low yields. Through case studies, review of global and national initiatives, and evaluation of socio-economic impacts, the paper highlights how digital tools and platforms are empowering farmers, improving food security, and contributing to inclusive and sustainable economic growth. Strategic recommendations are provided to harness the full potential of these technologies in transforming agriculture and empowering rural communities.

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FinTech, AgriTech, Precision Farming, Digital Agriculture, Rural Finance, Agricultural Innovation, Farm-to-Market Solutions, Sustainable Agriculture

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Background: Postpartum coccydynia is a painful and disabling condition that affects women following childbirth. Objective: To compare the effectiveness of Muscle Energy Technique (MET) with phonophoresis versus phonophoresis alone in managing postpartum coccydynia. Methods: A comparative experimental study was conducted on 46 postpartum women clinically diagnosed with coccydynia. Participants were randomly allocated into two groups: Group A (n=23) received MET with phonophoresis and a home exercise program, and Group B (n=23) received phonophoresis only. Pain intensity (NPRS) and disability (ODI) were assessed before and after 4 weeks of intervention. Statistical analysis included paired and unpaired t-tests. Results: Both groups showed significant improvements (p < 0.0001). Group A demonstrated greater reduction in pain intensity, while Group B showed greater improvement in disability. Between-group differences were statistically significant. Conclusion: Both interventions are effective in managing postpartum coccydynia. Combining MET with phonophoresis yields superior pain reduction, while phonophoresis alone showed slightly greater disability improvement. A multimodal approach may provide optimal benefits.

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Coccydynia; Postpartum; Muscle Energy Technique; Phonophoresis; Physiotherapy

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Diabetes, Prevalence, Risk factor, Non- communicable disease.

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This In the digital economy, businesses increasingly rely on data-driven approaches to personalize campaigns and maximize customer engagement. Predicting customer response to marketing campaigns is a crucial challenge in modern business analytics, where organizations seek to optimize targeting and maximize return on investment. This study explores predictive modeling of customer response behavior using machine learning techniques Random Forest and XGBoost with SHAP on a real-world marketing dataset containing demographic, behavioral, and spending attributes. The models are evaluated using classification metrics, confusion matrices, and ROC-AUC scores, ensuring a comprehensive assessment of predictive performance. Results indicate that while Random Forest achieved perfect classification on the dataset, suggesting potential overfitting, the XGBoost model coupled with SHAP offered comparably high predictive performance with the added advantage of robustness and explainability. XGBoost effectively captured complex feature interactions, such as age-gender effects, making it more reliable for real-world marketing applications. The results highlight the potential of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) in enhancing targeted marketing strategies, while also identifying future directions for scaling the approach with real-world, multi-channel customer data. Furthermore, correlation heatmap analysis revealed significant behavioral patterns, highlighting the role of spending behavior and demographics in influencing engagement. These findings provide actionable insights for businesses to design data-driven, personalized marketing strategies. The research emphasizes the dual importance of predictive accuracy and interpretability, ensuring models are not only effective but also transparent and usable for real-world decision-making.

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Machine Learning, Customer Response Prediction, Random Forest, XGBoost, SHAP, Explainable AI, multi-channel campaigns, Behavioral Modeling.

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) in international and Indian export-import trade has been described to the readers in this review article. The paper outlines how AI technologies like machine learning, predictive analytics, and auto-mation are transforming cross border trade by automating logistics, en-hancing customs processes, risk management. Through AI, companies can attain higher efficiency, accuracy, and intelligent decision making, which minimizes delays and operational costs. Also, the present paper also men-tions the challenges of implementation, such as high cost, absence of digital preparedness, and absence of skilled labour. The review stresses that alt-hough AI offers enormous potential, its adoption requires planned structur-ing and supporting infrastructure. For India, the review believes that AI has the potential to hugely improve the efficiency of export-import operations, which will lead to more competitive trade in the international market. But this change will need proactive governmental interventions, higher invest-ments in digital, firm policy support, and awareness generation programs to ready exporters and importers for AI sustainable adoption.

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Artificial Intelligence, Import Business, Export Business, EXIM, Supply Chain Optimization, Global Trade, Trade Automation.

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Nutrition Feeding Automation System plays a significant role in enhancing precision agriculture, particularly in hydroponic farming where nutrient concentration directly influences crop yield and quality. This study presents the design and implementation of an Arduino-driven prototype for Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) hydroponics, integrating a TDS sensor for real-time nutrient calibration and a water level sensor for maintaining optimal solution volume. The Arduino Uno R3 serves as the control unit, processing sensor feedback to regulate nutrient and water delivery through servo-actuated valves. When nutrient concentration falls below 800 ppm, the system automatically dispenses fertilizer until the target threshold is achieved, while low water levels trigger automatic refilling. Experimental testing confirmed accurate detection of solution concentration and responsive adjustment of nutrient and water inputs, demonstrating improved consistency compared to manual methods. The proposed system highlights the potential of embedded automation for hydroponic management, reducing human error and ensuring balanced nutrient delivery for sustainable plant growth in controlled environments.

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Hydroponics, Nutrient Film Technique (NFT), Arduino Uno, Nutrition Feeding Automation System, TDS Sensor, Water Level Sensor, Servo Motor, Embedded System, Electrical Conductivity, Automated Agriculture.

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As digital reservation systems expand across travel, healthcare, hospitality, and other industries, the need for scalable, secure, and policy-compliant Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) has grown exponentially. API gateways, particularly enterprise-grade solutions like Akana, play a pivotal role in orchestrating, securing, and managing traffic between clients and backend services. This review evaluates the role of scalable API gateways in maintaining operational efficiency and regulatory compliance in modern reservation systems. Through comparative analysis, experimental validation, and architectural exploration, this paper highlights Akana's strengths in policy enforcement, integration flexibility, and performance under load. The review identifies existing research gaps, showcases Akana's performance against competing platforms, and outlines future directions in API governance, edge computing, and AI-driven policy automation.

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API Gateway, Akana, Reservation Systems, Policy Compliance, Scalability, Microservices, Traffic Management, OAuth, Cloud Security, API Governance.

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This paper explores the use of digital twin technology in retail environments, examining its potential to optimize operations, improve customer experiences, and streamline inventory management. A theoretical model for the integration of digital twin systems in retail is proposed, alongside a review of experimental results demonstrating the effectiveness of these systems. Key findings show that digital twins, when combined with AI and IoT, can lead to more accurate inventory management, better sales predictions, and increased customer satisfaction. The paper also discusses future research directions, including the integration of advanced AI algorithms, the expansion of digital twins to cross-channel retail, and the challenges related to scalability and data privacy. Overall, the research highlights the transformative potential of digital twin technology for modern retail operations.

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Digital Twin, Retail, AI, IoT, Inventory Management, Customer Experience, Sales Prediction, Data Integration, Real-Time Analytics, Retail Optimization.

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This paper investigates the construction of adulthood in J. K. Rowling's Harry Potter series and reimagines it through the theoretical lens of crossover fiction. While the series functions as a classic bildungsroman, tracing Harry's growth from childhood to adulthood, this study interrogates how notions of adulthood shift when juxtaposed with other fictional universes such as The Lord of the Rings, Star Wars, and The Hunger Games. Drawing on psychosocial theories (Erikson, Arnett), performativity (Butler), and fan studies (Jenkins, Busse), this paper argues that crossover fiction provides a unique space for challenging and rearticulating the meaning of adulthood. By situating Harry's journey within alternate moral and cultural frameworks, this study reveals adulthood as a dynamic, relational, and performative construct rather than a fixed endpoint. Ultimately, it proposes that adulthood in literature and popular culture is an evolving, context-dependent process that resists simplistic narrative closure.

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Keywords: Harry Potter, crossover fiction, adulthood, bildungsroman, fan studies, performativity, ethics

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This paper examines Salman Rushdie's 2024 memoir Knife: Meditations After an Attempted Murder through the lens of trauma narratives, resilience, and psychological recovery. On August 12, 2022, Rushdie was stabbed multiple times in a public attack--a violent culmination of decades of persecution following the publication of The Satanic Verses. In Knife, Rushdie transforms his near-death experience into a literary meditation, reconstructing his personal and creative identity through language. This paper employs Cathy Caruth's trauma theory and Judith Herman's framework on recovery to analyze Knife as a literary testament to survival. Through a close reading of the memoir, it interrogates how traumatic memory, vulnerability, and resilience intersect in narratives of violence. Furthermore, the paper situates Knife within postcolonial literary discourse, linking Rushdie's experience to broader issues of censorship, violence, and freedom of expression.

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trauma, psyche, resilience, recovery, memory etc.

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This study investigates the drivers behind workforce attrition among Generation Z, comparing their motivations with those of earlier generations. Using survey data from 150 Gen Z employees across sectors such as IT, finance, retail, and education, the research highlights key factors influencing job exits, including toxic leadership, lack of career growth opportunities, inadequate compensation, and rigid work cultures. Findings reveal that job satisfaction alone does not predict turnover; instead, attrition results from a combination of cultural, psychological, and practical factors. The analysis emphasizes the importance of flexible work arrangements, empathetic leadership, continuous feedback, and purpose-driven organizational culture. The study concludes that traditional retention models are outdated and calls for personalized strategies that align with Gen Z's values of growth, inclusivity, and meaningful work

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Generation Z, Employee Attrition, Retention Strategies, Work-Life Balance, Organizational Culture, Job Satisfaction

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The pancreas is a vital organ in a body which is responsible for the release of multiple hormones which are necessary to carry out the tasks of the body like glucose regulation in blood and hunger hormones and metabolism. But due to different circumstances be it dietary, lifestyle, trauma or habitat the pancreatic cells are prone to stress and inflammation due to which the chances of pancreatic cells dysfunction or damage is observed. This ultimately leads to conditions like diabeties, pancreatitis, pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Though research on the possible treatments are going on but there is still no complete curative treatment.but the research for a complete cure like by using stem cells have a high probability of replacing and repairing the damaged pancreatic cells. So this paper is about the emerging snail mucin extract which has a lot of compounds like glycosaminoglycans, peptides, glycolic acid, hyaluronic acid, and other trace elements due to which it shows antioxidant, anti microbial, anti inflammatory, regenerative properties so it is used in cosmetic products. Bioprospecting this snail mucin if it has the potential in preventing or protecting the pancreatic cells from conditions which cause it to deteriorate. And for that purpose understanding the snail mucin and pancreatic cells and designing a proper plan to conduct a research is thhe main objective of this paper.

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Pancreatic cell dysfunction, Diabetes and pancreatitis, Snail mucin, Glycosaminoglycans, Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, Stem cell therapy, Bioprospecting for pancreatic protection

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This article explores the sociological understanding popular media platform Instagram and its relationship with the consuming behavior, identity formation, social acceptance and gender enforcing norms affecting women. In the contemporary global age, the presentation of femininity in everyday life is highly affected under the media representation. Instagram beauty influencers are often referred to as trend setters and it is seen that women face a lot of difficulty in their everyday presentation of self and to feel connected or to become the part of the larger tribe. The objectives of this research are to determine whether self-presentation influences excessive social media use through its association with fear of negative evaluation and to assess the impact of social comparison on excessive social media use via its relationship with self-esteem. This study shows how social media beauty influencers often create problems in everyday life of the women in accepting their real self. This research adopts a qualitative technique, using purposive sampling the researcher has interviewed 20 women from the age group of 18 to 25 who are active users of Instagram. A detailed narratives has been collected from women using unstructured interviews to get deeper understanding. The paper also explores the discourse conveyed by social media influencers, focusing on five most watched women influencer on hair, body and dress. Based on the study we can unravel a deeper understanding of media influence on adolescent identity formation.

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Hyper reality, Consumption, Instagram age, Body politics, Femininity, Beauty, Stress, Gender performativity,

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Infiltration - defined as the unauthorized entry of individuals across national borders or into ecologically sensitive areas - poses a growing environmental concern in India. While often addressed through the lens of national security, the ecological consequences of infiltration remain under-examined. This paper explores the environmental impacts of infiltration on forests, wildlife, and biodiversity, particularly in India's border regions and forested zones, where illegal encroachmen... Infiltration contributes directly to deforestation, habitat fragmentation, and the overexploitation of natural resources. Border areas such as Jammu & Kashmir, Rajasthan, Assam, and parts of the Northeast - many of which are biodiversity hotspots - witness significant environmental pressure due to illegal activities like logging, poaching, grazing, and unregulated land use. These actions degrade forest cover, disturb wildlife corridors, and endanger vulnerable species such as the blackbuck, snow leopa... The environmental damage from infiltration also affects indigenous and conservation-oriented communities, such as the Bishnois of Rajasthan, who have historically protected forests and wildlife through deep-rooted ecological and spiritual values. Their efforts are increasingly undermined by external pressures resulting from human intrusion and resource exploitation. This paper emphasizes the need for a holistic approach that integrates environmental conservation with border security policies. Strengthening surveillance, enforcing environmental laws, and involving local communities in protection and monitoring efforts are essential steps. Addressing infiltration as an environmental issue is critical for preserving India's ecological balance and ensuring long-term sustainability in its most vulnerable regions.

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Keywords: India, infiltration, forest degradation, wildlife conflict, biodiversity loss, border ecology, Bishnoi community, environmental conservation.

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The Later Mughal Era (1707-1857) is often characterized primarily by political fragmentation and imperial decline following the death of Aurangzeb. However, this period also witnessed remarkable cultural resilience and creative adaptation. Despite the diminishing authority of the Mughal court in Delhi, the imperial aesthetic-shaped over centuries-continued to influence literature, art, architecture, and social customs across the Indian subcontinent. Regional kingdoms, such as Awadh, Hyderabad, and Bengal, became new centers of cultural patronage, blending Mughal traditions with local artistic expressions and emerging European styles introduced through colonial contact.1 This era saw the refinement of Indo-Persian literature, the evolution of miniature painting into distinct regional schools, and the continuation of architectural projects that combined Mughal grandeur with regional innovations. Music and performing arts, particularly Hindustani classical traditions, also flourished under the patronage of regional courts, sustaining a legacy of courtly refinement and aesthetic sophistication. Far from being a period of cultural stagnation, the Later Mughal period represents a dynamic phase of synthesis-where imperial ideals were reinterpreted and preserved within a changing socio-political landscape. The endurance and transformation of Mughal cultural identity during this era not only mitigated the impact of political decline but also laid the foundation for subsequent cultural developments in colonial and post-colonial India.2

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Later Mughal Era, Cultural Continuity, Cultural Transformation, Indo-Persian

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The Uniform Civil Code (UCC) is a contentious topic in Indian legal and political discourse. Enshrined in Article 44 of the Constitution as a Directive Principle of State Policy, it aims to establish a common civil law for all citizens, irrespective of religion, in matters like marriage, divorce, succession, and adoption. However, its implementation remains controversial due to religious diversity, minority rights concerns, and political opposition. This research paper explores the historical background of UCC, constitutional provisions, judicial pronouncements, and arguments for and against its enactment. Comparative insights from countries like Turkey, France, and Tunisia are examined, along with recommendations for phased implementation and harmonization with personal law reforms.

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Uniform Civil Code, Article 44, Personal Laws, Gender Justice, Constitutional Law.

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Jhumpa Lahiri's Interpreter of Maladies is a short story collection that focuses on cultural alienation to provide a natural chance to compare the existence of opposing cultural ideals. Lahiri depicts the lives of Indians and Indian Americans stuck between their ancestral culture and the society in which they now find themselves in all of her writings. She is a well-known fiction writer on the world stage. The idea of international identity and the anguish of cultural displacement runs across all of the stories. In Interpreter of Maladies Jhumpa Lahiri explores cultural alienation by portraying the struggles of Indian immigrants and their American-born children who are caught between the traditions of their heritage and the dominant culture of their host countries, leading to a sense of displacement, rootlessness, and identity crises as they attempt to navigate two different cultural worlds. The work highlights the emotional burden of this dual existence, the longing for lost traditions, and the disconnection that often exists between first and second-generation immigrants, as seen in the contrasting experiences of the Dases and the loneliness they feel despite living in modern America.

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alienation, displacement, rootlessness, identity, Immigrant, isolation, American, Indian etc.

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 Abstract

महिला सशक्तिकरण भारत के सामाजिक-आर्थिक विकास का एक महत्वपूर्ण आधार है, क्योंकि महिलाएँ न केवल परिवार बल्कि समाज और राष्ट्र की प्रगति में भी निर्णायक भूमिका निभाती हैं। विशेषकर ग्रामीण और अर्ध-शहरी क्षेत्रों में, जहाँ महिलाएँ अक्सर संसाधनों और अवसरों से वंचित रहती हैं, वहाँ सूक्ष्म वित्त (Microfinance) ने एक सशक्त माध्यम के रूप में कार्य किया है। सूक्ष्म वित्त कार्यक्रम, जैसे लघु ऋण, स्वयं सहायता समूह (Self-Help Groups), और सामुदायिक बैंकिंग, महिलाओं को आर्थिक रूप से आत्मनिर्भर बनाने के साथ-साथ उनकी सामाजिक और राजनीतिक भागीदारी को भी प्रोत्साहित करते हैं। प्रस्तुत शोध का मुख्य उद्देश्य सूक्ष्म वित्त और महिला सशक्तिकरण के बीच संबंध का सांख्यिकीय विश्लेषण करना है। अध्ययन हेतु पाँच जिलों की 25 ग्राम पंचायतों से 300 महिलाओं का चयन यादृच्छिक नमूना पद्धति से किया गया। डाटा संग्रह के लिए एक संरचित प्रश्नावली का उपयोग किया गया, जिसमें आर्थिक स्वतंत्रता, आत्मनिर्णय क्षमता और सामाजिक भागीदारी से संबंधित प्रश्न सम्मिलित थे। संकलित डाटा का विश्लेषण करने के लिए t- परीक्षण तथा सहसंबंध जैसी सांख्यिकीय तकनीकों का प्रयोग किया गया। शोध परिणामों से यह स्पष्ट हुआ कि सूक्ष्म वित्त का महिला सशक्तिकरण पर सकारात्मक और महत्वपूर्ण प्रभाव पड़ता है। सूक्ष्म वित्त से जुड़ी महिलाओं ने न केवल अपनी आय और बचत में वृद्धि की, बल्कि घरेलू और सामुदायिक निर्णयों में भी अधिक सक्रिय भूमिका निभाई। सहसंबंध गुणांक ने यह दर्शाया कि आर्थिक सशक्तिकरण और आत्मनिर्णय क्षमता के बीच मध्यम स्तर का सकारात्मक संबंध है। इसके अतिरिक्त, सामाजिक भागीदारी के संदर्भ में भी सूक्ष्म वित्त लाभार्थी महिलाएँ अधिक सक्रिय पाई गईं। अतः यह निष्कर्ष निकाला जा सकता है कि सूक्ष्म वित्त महिलाओं को केवल आर्थिक रूप से सक्षम नहीं बनाता, बल्कि उनके आत्मविश्वास, नेतृत्व क्षमता और सामाजिक प्रतिष्ठा को भी सुदृढ़ करता है। परिणामस्वरूप, यह ग्रामीण विकास और लैंगिक समानता की दिशा में एक प्रभावी उपकरण सिद्ध होता है।

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सूक्ष्म वित्त, महिला सशक्तिकरण, आर्थिक स्वतंत्रता, सामाजिक भागीदारी, ग्रामीण विकास।

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Fake news proliferation is one of the most severe issues of the digital world, affecting community opinion and destabilizing trust in media and the process of democracy [1]. Conventional machine learning and shallow word representations like TF-IDF, word2vec, and GloVe have been found to have little success in the representation of the subtle semantics and contextual relationships of news articles [2]. The recent developments in Natural Language Processing (NLP), in particular contextual embedding models like BERT, RoBERTa, XLNet, and DistilBERT, allow more comprehensive bidirectional interpretation of text, which makes them well-suited to fake news detection tasks [3], [4]. This paper performs an extensive study of the performance of these models on benchmark datasets, such as LIAR and FakeNewsNet that include both shorter political claims and longer news articles [5]. On the standard classification measures (accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score and ROC-AUC) the models are tested. Results show that RoBERTa has the best overall performance with F1-score higher than other models whereas DistilBERT has faster inference with slight accuracy compromises [6]. The results demonstrate the significance of a trade-off between accuracy and computational efficiency of applications in the real world. The paper has the following contributions: it gives a comparative framework, identifies model-specific trade-offs, and provides insights into deploying contextual embeddings in a scalable fake news detection system [7].

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Fake News Detection, Contextual Embeddings, BERT, NLP, Deep Learning, Classification

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Objectives: In Ayurveda Ahara has more importance for the prevention of the diseases. In modern medicine system balanced diet is the first choice to cure and prevent the lifestyle disorders. In Ayurveda Shridhanyam is mentioned for consumption to avoid the lifestyle disorder which is the main cause of unhealthy society and population. It is also called as Millets. Methods: For younger population the risk of lifestyle starts from the school going age. Due to fast adaptation of western lifestyle the prevalence of these diseases reached to alarming proportions among Indians in the recent years. The main factors which are contributing the lifestyle diseases includes bad food habits like bakery products, junk food and ready to eat food items. Physical inactivity due to addiction of electronic gadgets, they play an important role in developing lifestyle disorder. Result: Mainly life style disorders include obesity, Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Syndromes etc. Ayurveda has provided many good options like food grains for healthy lifestyle. Indian Millets are good option for living a healthy n disease free life. It has Madhur Kashaya Rasa, Katu Vipaka, Ushna Virya and are Kapha Vata Shamak.Conclusion: Due to bruhaniya property it is useful in malnutrition, on contary Due to its laghu, ruksha guna it can be beneficial in obesity. In present paper properties n role of shridhanyam is explored for the management of lifestyle disorders.sss

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Shridhanyam, Lifestyle Disorder, Indian Millets

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