Volume 13 | Issue 9

 Abstract

A Woman has two senses flower and fire. Flower reflects love, affection, kindness and so on; Fire reflects anger, struggle, hatred and so on; These two things make her what she is; Situation and surroundings mould her character.

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WOMEN'S DAY

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Dermatological disease classification presents significant challenges due to limited labeled datasets, diverse lesion patterns, and the need for scalable diagnostic tools. Existing Explainable AI (XAI) techniques focus on interpretability but do not comprehensively address data scarcity, generalizability, and optimization. This paper proposes a hybrid AI framework integrating self-supervised learning (SSL), meta-learning (MAML), neural architecture search (NAS), and diffusion models. SSL pretrains on unlabeled data, MAML fine-tunes for domain-specific tasks, NAS automates model design, and diffusion models generate synthetic images to mitigate class imbalance. Ensemble learning improves robustness, while lightweight optimization ensures scalability for clinical deployment. Validation across datasets demonstrates improved accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. This framework offers a comprehensive solution to dermatological diagnostics by enhancing adaptability, robustness, and clinical applicability.

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Skin Disease Classification, Self-Supervised Learning, Meta-Learning, Neural Architecture Search, Diffusion Models, Deep Learning

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This study reveals development of green approach for the synthesis of hexahydroquinolin-3 carbonitrile derivatives using magnetite nanoparticals of citric acid (Fe3O4@CA NPs) catalysts. The reaction involves the condensation of aldehydes, 1,2 diketones, malenonitriles and ammonium acetate under mild condition yielding hehxahydroquinoline derivatives with high purity and selectivity. Fe3O4@CA NPS acts as excellent catalyst with good recyclability, reducing waste and costs. This eco-friendly synthetic route avoids the use of toxic solvents and harsh reactions conditions providing a sustainable alternative for hehxahydroquinazoline derivatives synthesis. The synthesized products showed promising biological activities, making this approach a valuable tool for pharmaceutical and medicinal applications.

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Quinoline, Nanoparticles, Fe3O4@CA, One-pot synthesis, Multicomponent reaction

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This research explores affordable, eco-friendly ways to clean water using local materials like clay, coconut shells, rice husks, and plant waste. These natural filters are boosted with simple innovations like silver (to kill germs) or acid-treated mud (to remove toxins). They work without electricity and can remove up to 99% of harmful bacteria, heavy metals, and chemicals while keeping water's healthy minerals. Designs include clay pots, portable filters, and gravity-based systems--all easy to use and repair. Tested worldwide, these solutions meet safety standards, making muddy or polluted water clear and safe to drink. Perfect for remote villages, they're cheap to make locally and don't need power. By mixing traditional knowledge with modern science, these filters offer a practical way to fight water shortages and diseases in poor communities, giving everyone access to clean water.

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: Eco-friendly, Local materials, Natural, filters, Clean drinking water

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Abstract Post-apartheid literature in South Africa is ripe with discussions on feminist discourse that tends to obliterate the plight of the women hailing from play-white families with lost identities and instead upholds the insular narratives that stem from the fixation of writers to encapsulate the tale of the stereotypical picture of the distressed, victimized and tormented black woman. This argument does not necessarily rule out that play-whites are purportedly unrepresented in the context of apartheid and post-apartheid South Africa. However, there is a serious dearth of genuine representations of the women whose lives are subject to the tribulations of the 'metamorphosed' race, - the play-white. What is the condition of a play-white? What compels the necessity of playing a white? These are relevant questions that need to be considered. The paper is an attempt to bring to light the shattered identity constructs of such women and their journey prompted by delimiting possibilities of freedom that invite us to question the very notion of freedom in a post-apartheid South Africa.

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Key Words: Post-apartheid Literature, play-white, Gender, South Africa

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The Indian handloom sector, a vital part of the country's cultural and economic heritage, faces multifaceted challenges due to competition from machine-made textiles, limited consumer awareness, and evolving market dynamics. Recent trends in marketing of handlooms have shifted with the advancement of e-commerce in India. This study presents a content analysis of scholarly literature from the year 2020 to 2025 to synthesize current knowledge on handloom marketing. A total of 27 peer-reviewed articles, conference papers, and reports were analyzed, focusing on four major themes: (i) challenges from machine-made goods, (ii) consumer awareness and purchase of GI-certified handlooms, (iii) marketing communication and digital adoption, and (iv) circular consumption and sustainability. Findings indicate that while digital marketing and e-commerce offer significant opportunities for market expansion, limited awareness of GI certification and sustainability practices remains a barrier to growth. The review highlights recurring patterns, contradictions, and gaps in existing research, providing insights for academics, policymakers, and industry stakeholders. By integrating thematic insights, this study contributes to a holistic understanding of the factors shaping handloom marketing and offers directions for future research and strategic interventions.

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Handloom marketing, Content analysis, GI certification, Digital marketing, Sustainability, Circular economy

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Paracetamol syrup is a crucial pediatric formulation, but traditional sucrose-based versions present challenges such as dental caries, high glycemic impact, and stability issues. Isomalt, a promising sugar alcohol, offers a superior alternative. This review highlights the positive attributes of isomalt as an excipient in paracetamol syrup, focusing on its enhanced stability, significant health benefits, and improved patient compliance. Ultimately, isomalt offers an overall advantage for these formulations.

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Isomalt, Paracetamol Syrup, Sweeteners, Sucrose, Pediatric Formulations, Dental Health, Non-Cariogenic, Low Glycemic Index, Reduced Caloric Value, Prebiotic Effects, Gut Health, Stability, Patient Compliance, Thermal Stability, Low Hygroscopicity, Excipient, Sugar alcohols.

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The intersection of mental health and criminal behavior presents a complex and multidimensional challenge for psychology, criminology, and public policy. This study examines the prevalence of mental health disorders among criminal populations, their socio-environmental determinants, and the coping mechanisms adopted by offenders to deal with stress, guilt, and societal rejection. Drawing on strain theory, social learning theory, and psychodynamic approaches, it explores how factors such as poverty, unemployment, childhood trauma, and cultural context influence both mental health outcomes and behavioral responses. Using a mixed-methods design, data will be gathered through psychological assessments, structured surveys, in-depth interviews, and case studies with incarcerated individuals. Quantitative tools, including the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, and Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations, will identify the prevalence and severity of mental health conditions and coping styles. Qualitative thematic analysis will capture the lived experiences of offenders and their perceptions of mental health challenges. Anticipated findings include a high prevalence of depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and maladaptive coping behaviors such as substance abuse and aggression. The study aims to recommend rehabilitation strategies, including skill-building programs, trauma-informed care, and mental health interventions, to reduce recidivism and promote social reintegration. By bridging psychological theory with empirical insights, this research seeks to inform policy reforms and correctional practices that address the underlying mental health needs of offenders.

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mental health, criminal behavior, coping mechanisms, socio-environmental factors, rehabilitation, recidivism

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Abstract The rapid growth of India's digital economy has generated immense opportunities for innovation, commerce, and governance, while simultaneously raising complex legal and regulatory challenges related to data privacy and cybersecurity. With the exponential rise in internet penetration, digital transactions, and cloud-based services, the protection of personal and sensitive data has emerged as a pressing concern. This paper examines the evolving legal framework governing data privacy and cybersecurity in India, with particular emphasis on the Information Technology Act, 2000, its subsequent amendments, and the recently enacted Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023. It also explores the interplay between domestic legislation and international standards, such as the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), to highlight India's progress and gaps in harmonization. Through an analytical approach, the study evaluates judicial pronouncements, regulatory mechanisms, and the role of enforcement agencies in safeguarding digital rights. Key challenges, including cybercrime proliferation, inadequate awareness, technological vulnerabilities, and jurisdictional complexities, are critically discussed. The research further underscores the tension between national security imperatives and individual rights to privacy in a digital-first environment. The findings reveal that while India has made significant strides in framing a legal architecture for data protection, there remain pressing concerns regarding enforcement, accountability, and capacity building. The paper concludes by suggesting reforms for strengthening regulatory institutions, enhancing cross-border cooperation, and promoting cyber resilience to ensure that India's digital economy evolves in a secure, inclusive, and rights-based manner.

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Keywords: Cyber law, data privacy, cybersecurity, digital economy, IT Act, Digital Personal Data Protection Act, cybercrime, GDPR.

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Youth today face increasing levels of psychological stress due to academic, social, and professional pressures. This research explores the effectiveness of Rajyoga meditation in reducing stress and improving overall mental health among youth. The study adopted a mixed-method approach, where participants underwent a structured Rajyoga practice schedule for a fixed duration. Data were collected using standard stress-assessment scales and interviews. Findings indicated a significant reduction in perceived stress levels, improved sleep quality, and enhanced emotional balance. The study suggests that Rajyoga meditation can be a practical, non-invasive, and cost-effective tool for stress management among youth.

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Rajyoga, Youth Stress, Mental Health, Yogic Science, Meditation

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Travel literature often blurs the lines between physical journeys and personal transformation. Elizabeth Gilbert's Eat, Pray, Love (2006) epitomizes this genre by chronicling a year-long journey of self-discovery across Italy, India, and Indonesia. This article examines the work's alignment with the conventions of travel literature and narrative, emphasizing its exploration of cultural immersion, spiritual growth, and emotional healing. Drawing from primary passages within the memoir and secondary critiques from literary scholars, the study highlights how Gilbert redefines the traditional boundaries of travel narratives.

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English Literature, Travel literature, physical journeys, personal transformation, Elizabeth Gilbert's Eat, Pray, Love, travel narratives.

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Social awareness with entertainment capturing young minds and overall society for a better future of India is of great importance. Combining these two factors through music( vocal, instrumental and dance) has been the most effective way to achieve this goal. Kirtan styles of Maharashtra and Kathak have been doing the same for decades, but separately. This research is conducted to study the effect of fusion of Maharashtra kirtan and Kathak on the audience with respect to philosophical preaching. Purpose of this research was to find whether this experimental presentation is effective in the form of only entertainment or also to make the audience understand the philosophical approach behind it. For this research quantitative and qualitative analysis is done. Survey showed a 70/30 ratio about the effectiveness of this new experiment among the audience. In qualitative methodology, interviews of Kirtankar Charudatta Aphale who presented this experiment thrice along with Senior Kathak dancer Manisha Sathe, Dr. Manjari Dev who presented Saint Tukaram dance drama in Varkari- kathak fusion format, Dr.Nandkishore Kapote who has done experiments with Bhajan bhav in both Kirtan and Kathak style were conducted and analysis was done of the experimental presentation of naradiya-kathak tradition and varkari-Kathak fusion by the researcher. Results showed that this new form of storytelling has been more effective than traditional Kathak presentation not only in understanding the story but also for understanding the philosophy behind it. A new generation who feels traditional Kirtan as boring, this experiment was effective in capturing the young generation and provided sugar coated capsules of social awareness keeping tradition alive in different ways.

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Kirtan, Naradiya, Varkari, Kathak, Storytelling

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The Indian housing rental sector, estimated at USD 20.31 billion in 2024, is undergoing a significant shift fueled by digital platforms and Prop Tech innovations, while simultaneously facing challenges related to regulatory frameworks, affordability, and supply-demand imbalances. Rising urban migration, fluctuating demand, and policy shifts, such as the push for smart and sustainable housing. Intensified competition among Prop Tech startups and traditional realty companies is fostering rapid innovation, resulting in dynamic market responses to changing renter demographics and preferences. Meanwhile, advancements in mobile and AI technologies are narrowing the digital divide, enabling a broader segment of the population to access better rental services. This research broadens its scope to encompass these dynamic socioeconomic and technological factors, highlighting not only the platforms themselves but also the market's adaptability, challenges, and emerging opportunities.

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Digital Real Estate, Rental Housing, Blockchain Technology, Market Analysis, Technology Adoption, India.

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Introduction: The introduction outlines the evolution of corporate governance in India, focusing on how regulatory reforms and globalisation have reshaped shareholder participation. It frames the research problem of limited minority influence in promoter-driven firms and sets objectives to evaluate evolving patterns, activism's role, and its impact on governance outcomes. Literature Review: The literature review has developed an understanding of shareholder participation and its changing role in India. The literature is studied to analyse the relation of shareholder participation to the different aspects of the businesses, like decision-making and performance. Theories like Agency theory and Stakeholder theory have helped to reinstate the studies. Methodology: The researcher has used the secondary data collection method in this research. The researcher has used the positivism philosophy and descriptive design for developing the data collection and research framework.Secondary data sources, doctrinal analyses, and empirical studies were reviewed systematically using PRISMA. Thematic analysis identified patterns of participation and activism, ensuring reliability through strict inclusion criteria, quality appraisal, and adherence to academic and ethical standards. Findings and Analysis: The findings reveal three themes: institutional investors and proxy advisors driving governance change, ownership structures shaping outcomes, and persistent gaps between legal reforms and practice. While institutional activism enhances transparency, promoter dominance and weak retail involvement restrict inclusivity. Sectoral differences further illustrate uneven governance improvements across industries and ownership models. Discussion: The discussion synthesises findings with literature, showing alignment on activism's role in transparency and accountability but divergence on performance impacts. Objectives are addressed by tracing evolving patterns, linking activism with governance, and examining effects on board decisions. Persistent institutional and cultural barriers demonstrate gaps between legal frameworks and practical realities. Conclusion:The conclusion summarises that shareholder participation in India has advanced through reforms, institutional activism, and technology, yet remains constrained by promoter dominance and weak retail involvement. Governance practices show improvements in disclosure and accountability but inconsistent performance outcomes. Shareholder democracy in India is progressing, though significant systemic barriers persist.

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Shareholder Participation, Corporate Governance, Shareholder Activism, Institutional Investors, Proxy Advisory Firms, Promoter Ownership, E-voting, Minority Shareholders, SEBI Regulations, Board Accountability

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Pitta Dosha, as described in Ayurveda, is characterized by strong digestion (Tikshnagni), sharp intellect (Medha), moderate build, and intolerance to heat (Ushna) .While traditional assessment relies on observation (Darshana), enquiry (Prashna), and palpation (Sparshana), these methods lack reproducibility1.This study aims to enhance Prakruta karma, vrddhi & kshaya assessment by integrating subjective Ayurvedic indicators with objective biomedical tools5.Classical signs were systematically mapped to quantifiable parameters such as gastric pH, thermal imaging, ghrelin and leptin levels, cognitive function tests, and metabolic markers6.The model also addresses Pitta imbalances: Vriddhi (aggravation) was associated with elevated bile pigments, gastric hyperacidity, and liver function markers; Kshaya (depletion) correlated with low BMR, cold sensitivity, and reduced skin hydration8 .This integrative approach strengthens clinical practice by improving diagnostic precision, enabling early detection of Dosha imbalances, and supporting personalized treatment strategies9.It also facilitates standardization and opens avenues for interdisciplinary research, including Ayurgenomics and digital Prakriti profiling11.

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: Pitta Dosha, Prakruti assessment, Vriddhi and Kshaya, Ayurvedic diagnostics, Biomedical integration, Metabolic markers, Ayur genomics, Personalized medicine

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The impact of technology on various parts of our lives, notably among the youth and college students around the globe. The emergence of digital technologies has revolutionized the way we learn, communicate, and socialize. Technology has created new opportunities for education and personal growth by increasing access to educational resources and allowing students to collaborate in real time with their peers and instructors. However, technology has also introduced a number of issues, including addiction, social isolation, and distractions, all of which can have serious consequences for mental health and wellbeing. The impact of technology on college students is enormous, with online learning platforms and distant coursework becoming more common. While this provides flexibility and convenience, it may also result in feelings of loneliness and isolation. Additionally, the requirement for ongoing connectivity and the possibility of distraction can have a negative impact on academic achievement. It is critical to understand the possible benefits and drawbacks of technology use, as well as to establish healthy habits and boundaries. Practicing digital literacy, self-awareness, and striking a balance between online and offline activities might help us avoid the negative effects of technology while maximizing its benefits. To summarize, it is critical to embrace technology's potential to improve our lives while staying aware of its possible disadvantages. Many college students use technology for academic objectives such as online study, research, and communication with professors and classmates. In addition, technology is commonly utilized for social networking, entertainment, and gaming. While technology has clearly improved our lives, there are concerns about its impact on our mental health, particularly among college students. This review research paper investigates the confluence of technology and college students' psychology, including the positive and negative effects of technology on their mental health.

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Technology; College students, Psychology, Positive effects, Negative effects

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Cloud computing has transformed the global digital ecosystem by offering scalable, cost-effective, and collaborative solutions across industries. Its service models--Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS)--and varied deployment modes have created unprecedented opportunities for innovation and operational agility. However, the decentralised and third-party-dependent nature of cloud systems introduces significant security vulnerabilities. Data breaches, unauthorised access, interoperability gaps, and weaknesses in identity management remain pressing concerns for stakeholders in sectors such as healthcare, finance, education, and government. This paper examines these security challenges through a comprehensive review of literature and insights from practitioners. It argues that the absence of standardised, context-specific frameworks exacerbates risks and undermines the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the study integrates theoretical perspectives with empirical observations to identify gaps in existing solutions. The discussion proposes a multi-layered security strategy encompassing advanced encryption, robust identity management, compliance-driven governance, and global interoperability standards. By bridging the divide between technical measures and policy frameworks, this research contributes to building resilient cloud ecosystems capable of mitigating emerging threats while maintaining trust and reliability. The findings hold value for researchers, industry professionals, and policymakers seeking sustainable and secure cloud adoption.

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cloud computing security, data breaches, interoperability, identity management, global standards, risk mitigation

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This paper presents the design and simulation of a hybrid-shaped microstrip patch antenna (MPA) that combines the benefits of U-shaped cutouts and a hexagonal shape to achieve enhanced gain and bandwidth at 2.45 GHz. The antenna is designed by incorporating U-shaped cutouts within a hexagonal structure to improve its performance compared to conventional U-shaped and hexagonal antennas. The antenna was designed and simulated on an FR4 substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.4 and a thickness of 1.6 mm. The design and simulations were carried out using High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS). The simulation results indicate that the hybrid-shaped antenna achieved a gain of 5.4 dB and a bandwidth of 1.96 GHz, which are improved values relative to the individual designs. These enhanced characteristics make the antenna well-suited for wireless communication applications such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and Zigbee. The combination of higher gain and wider bandwidth highlights the potential of the proposed antenna for integration into modern wireless systems.

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Analysis System High-frequency structure simulator (ANSYS HFSS), Hybrid-shape antenna, U-cut, hexagon patch, FR4 board, 2.45 GHz, HFSS, signal gain, frequency range, wireless use, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee

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The analysis of body fluids represents one of the most crucial aspects of forensic investigations, providing valuable biological evidence that aids in criminal identification, reconstruction of events, and linking suspects to crime scenes. This review discusses the significance of commonly encountered body fluids such as blood, semen, saliva, urine, sweat, and vaginal secretions, along with emerging sources such as earwax and breast milk. Traditional presumptive and confirmatory methods are compared with recently developed molecular and analytical approaches including mRNA profiling, proteomics, microbiome analysis, and mass spectrometry. The paper also evaluates observations from literature, discusses advantages and challenges of newly developed techniques, and outlines future perspectives. The findings suggest that while traditional methods remain relevant, modern molecular biology and bioinformatics are transforming forensic serology into a multidisciplinary science with greater sensitivity, specificity, and evidentiary value.

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Forensic serology; Body fluids; DNA profiling; RNA profiling; Proteomics; Microbiome analysis; Mass spectrometry; Forensic identification; Biological evidence; Molecular forensics

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Financial inclusion--the process of ensuring access to affordable and appropriate financial services for all--has emerged as a critical pillar for inclusive economic development. With the rise of digital technologies, particularly mobile banking, digital wallets, and fintech platforms, digital banking has become a catalyst for expanding financial access to previously underserved and unbanked populations. This paper explores the interrelationship between financial inclusion and digital banking, examining how technological innovations are reshaping financial systems and contributing to inclusive growth. Drawing on global examples and a detailed review of literature, the study identifies the key drivers, challenges, and impacts of digital financial inclusion. It also evaluates the role of governments, regulators, and the private sector in fostering a robust digital financial ecosystem. The paper concludes with practical policy recommendations to bridge the digital divide and ensure that digital banking contributes meaningfully to equitable development.

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Financial Inclusion, Digital Banking, Fintech, Mobile Money, Unbanked Population, Inclusive Growth, Financial Literacy, Digital Divide

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