Volume 13 | Issue 9

 Abstract

Teacher-student interaction is central to the teaching-learning process, and the interpersonal behaviour of teachers plays a decisive role in shaping students' academic and psychological outcomes. This study examined secondary school students' perceptions of their mathematics teachers' interpersonal behaviour using the Questionnaire on Teacher Interaction (QTI). A sample of 820 students (412 males, 408 females; 445 rural, 375 urban) participated in the study. The QTI measured eight dimensions of teacher behaviour: Leadership, Helpful/Friendly, Understanding, Student Freedom, Uncertain, Dissatisfied, Admonishing, and Strict. Data were analysed using independent samples t-tests to identify gender- and locality-based differences. Results indicated that female students perceived their teachers as significantly more understanding, whereas male students reported greater student freedom, uncertainty, and dissatisfaction. Comparisons across locality showed that rural students perceived their teachers as more helpful, understanding, and supportive of freedom, as well as more uncertain, than did urban students. These findings highlight that perceptions of teacher interpersonal behaviour differ across demographic groups, underscoring the importance of fostering equitable, supportive classroom interactions. The study concludes that mathematics teachers should strive to reduce uncertainty and dissatisfaction while strengthening understanding and supportive behaviours to promote inclusive learning environments.

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teacher-student interaction, interpersonal behaviour, mathematics education, gender differences, rural-urban differences

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Abstract: This research evaluates object identification systems using machine learning techniques for processing satellite photos. It uses transfer learning and multi-object identification deep learning algorithms on remotely sensed satellite data. Five object identification techniques based on YOLO R-CNN architectures were tested, with YOLOv8 showing the fastest detection speed and highest accuracy. Support vector machines were found to be more useful than k-means clustering for object detection on satellite photos. The study also proposes an efficient 3-D CNN model using overlapping 3-D patches and a kernel function, achieving higher accuracy and faster convergence than existing 2-D/3-D CNN methods.

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- Satellite Images, Object Recognition, k-Means Clustering, Support Vector Machines,3DCNN, Hyperspectral Images [HSIs], classification, kernel function

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This study examines investor awareness and perception of contemporary investment avenues, including systematic investment plans (SIPs), exchange-traded funds (ETFs), real estate investment trusts (REITs), digital gold, cryptocurrencies, peer-to-peer lending, and robo-advisory platforms. Primary data was collected from 150 respondents in Jaipur using a structured questionnaire based on 5-point Likert scales. The data was analysed with SPSS using descriptive statistics, correlation, t-tests, ANOVA, and multiple regression. The results show that awareness levels are moderate, with SIPs, digital gold, and cryptocurrencies being the most familiar, while REITs, P2P lending, and robo-advisory platforms remain less known. Respondents expressed high expectations of returns and strong acceptance of digital convenience, but also reported concerns about risk and regulatory trust. Correlation analysis indicated that adoption intention is positively related to awareness, return expectation, trust, and digital convenience, and negatively related to risk concerns. ANOVA confirmed significant age differences in awareness, with mid-aged investors (26-45 years) scoring higher than younger groups. Regression analysis explained 53% of the variance in adoption intention, highlighting awareness, expected returns, trust, and digital convenience as positive predictors, while risk and age reduced adoption likelihood. The study concludes that although contemporary avenues are gaining ground, adoption is held back by regulatory uncertainty and risk perceptions. The findings suggest that strengthening investor education, building regulatory transparency, and enhancing trust mechanisms are essential to encourage wider acceptance of new investment products.

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Investor Awareness, Perception, Contemporary Investment Avenues, Adoption Intention, Risk and Return

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This paper examines the path of Azaro, a spirit-child or abiku whose life is constantly torn between the spirit and human realms, resulting in a deep sense of exile and a challenge to tell reality from fantasy as he hears ghosts and comprehends animal speech. A herbalist predicted that without a specific ritual, he would continue to suffer from serious illnesses and near-death experiences brought on by his spirit friends frequent enticing songs. Azaro also faces severe poverty and difficult living circumstances, including hunger, his parents' hard work, debt, and a run-down, rat-infested house. He frequently encounters danger and violence, suffering injuries from riots and his wanderings, being physically attacked, and seeing acts of violence in the town. He is emotionally and psychologically exhausted by these supernatural and outside forces, and he experiences loneliness, fear, disorientation, hallucinations, and a sense of helplessness. In addition, governmental corruption, widespread riots, political parties' employment of thugs, and discrimination toward marginalized people are all problems in his social context.

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Abiku (Spirit-child), Political Corruption, Spiritual Struggle and Resistance, Personal Transformation, Justice and Responsibility.

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"Medicinal Values In Gene Therapy using Gene Bombardment" Author1:-Pragya Aditya Asst.Prof.Ramshobha college of Education Ramgarh Author2:-Suniti Bala chandra Asst.Prof.Ramshobha college of Education Ramgarh Abstract Gene therapy has emerged as a promising approach for treating genetic disorders by directly modifying or correcting defective genes. Among the various gene delivery methods, gene bombardment (also known as biolistic transformation or particle bombardment) has gained importance due to its ability to introduce genetic material into target cells without the need for biological carriers. In this method, high-velocity microprojectiles coated with DNA are propelled into cells, enabling stable and efficient gene transfer. Gene bombardment offers several advantages such as applicability to a wide range of cell types, bypassing vector-related limitations, and reduced risk of immune reactions compared to viral delivery systems. Its potential in gene therapy lies in delivering therapeutic genes into somatic cells for the treatment of inherited diseases, cancers, and metabolic disorders. Although challenges such as limited penetration depth, possible cell damage, and lower efficiency compared to viral vectors remain, advancements in nanotechnology and delivery optimization are enhancing its feasibility. Thus, gene bombardment represents a significant non-viral strategy in the field of gene therapy, opening new avenues for safe and targeted treatment of genetic diseases. Keyword :-Gene Bombardmen, Gene therapy, Microprojection,nanotechnology, metabolic

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Gene therapy, Gene Bombardment, metabolic, cancer disease, Immunotherapy, Immunology q

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According to Ayurveda, Ahar, Nidra and Bramhacharya are three Upsthambhas of life. Ahar is first most important Upsthambha. Shadrasa is unique concept put forth by Ayurveda. Ahar encorported with all six rasas like Madhur, Amla, Lavan, Katu, Tikta, Kashay is termed as "Hitaahar" and it is responsible for growth and healthy development of body. On the other hand "Ahitahar" which means food having rasas less than six is not much effective for good health. It may be responsible for dosha imbalance i.e kshaya or vrudhi of dosha. It finally may lead to disease development. So in Ayurveda, it is mentioned that Ahar should ideally include all six rasas. Food tend to increase or decrease doshas because of their rasas. So understanding the knowledge of relationship between dosha and shadrasa is great asset to prevent disease .Each Rasa arises from two of the five mahabhutas. Therefore their unique properties act on the body and three doshas accordingly. Hence this topic is selected to elaborate relationship between shadrasas and doshas i.e vata ,pitta, and kapha for regulation of proper diet.

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Upsthambha, Dosha, Shadrasa, Panchamahabhua

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The Vortex Tube Refrigeration System is an eco-friendly cooling technology using compressed air, not electricity. High-pressure air is injected tangentially into a cylindrical chamber, creating a vortex that separates it into hot and cold streams. With no moving parts, it's reliable, low-maintenance, and sustainable. Ideal for industrial spot cooling, portable refrigeration, and emergency systems, it offers a viable alternative to traditional refrigeration in energy-scarce environments.

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Input air pressure, Nozzle geometry and tube dimensions are optimized to enhance cooling efficiency.

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WhatsApp; Chatbots; Brand value; Consumer perception; Conversational commerce; India; Service automation

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Hindi Bhasha Ki PathyaPushtak Ki Samiksha Ke Saiddhantik Tatva

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Hindi Bhasha Ki PathyaPushtak Ki Samiksha Ke Saiddhantik Tatva

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The biggest genus of flowering plants in the plumbaginaceae family is called Plumbago indica linn.

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Phytochemistry, pharmacology anti -tumor activity review of plumbago indica

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This paper explores William Faulkner's novel Absalom, Absalom! deconstructs the notion of an objective historical truth. Through a fragmented, multi-perspectival narrative, the novel argues that history is not a collection of facts but a subjective, individually interpreted, and often problematic construct.1 By presenting the story of Thomas Sutpen through the biased lenses of four distinct narrators--each using a different literary genre--Faulkner demonstrates how personal memory, beliefs, and emotional trauma inevitably shape historical understanding.4 The novel's atypical structure forces the reader into a collaborative role, grappling with conflicting accounts and questioning the very knowability of the past.9 Ultimately, the paper argues that the novel is a meta-commentary on the impossibility of a singular historical record, positing that the past is a perpetually "living force" that haunts the present and is constantly being re-created by those who inherit its burden.

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William Faulkner, Absalom, Absalom!, Subjectivity of History, Narrative Structure, Historical Memory, Southern Gothic, Allegory, Inherited Trauma, Unreliable Narrator

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This paper is a review of multidimensional determinants of soccer performance, psychological, environmental, socio-economic, cultural, physiological, and technological. Results indicate the importance of motivation, resilience, leadership, and emotional intelligence to determine performance, as well as the impact of climate, altitude, and air quality on endurance. Socio-economic disparities, increased accessibility to infrastructural facilities, and differences in talent development in developed and developing areas are observed, whereas injury prevention, recovery practices, and training innovations are revealed as the keys to long-term success. This review reveals research gaps, especially about female athletes, unexplored regions, and longitudinal psychophysiological adjustment studies. It ends with a recommendation of integrated structures that will incorporate physical conditioning, psychological support, inclusive policies, and technological innovation as a way of sustainable and balanced development of global soccer.

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Soccer Performance, Psychological Resilience, Socio-Economic Factors in Sports, Talent Development, Sports Science Innovation

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Applying paint, pigment, colour, or another media to a solid surface is the process of painting. Although brushes are typically used to apply the medium to the base, other tools including knives, sponges, and airbrushes can also be utilized. The term "painting" in art refers to both the action and the outcome. Painting surfaces include walls, paper, canvas, wood, glass, lacquer, ceramics, leaf, copper, and concrete. Paintings can be representational and naturalistic, as well as types of painting photographic, abstract, narrative, expressive (as in expressionism and still life painting), symbolic (as in symbolist painting), or political in content. In Indian art, Indian paintings have a very lengthy heritage and history In the late 16th and early 17th centuries, in the royal realms of Rajasthan, Rajput art first appeared. Since the Mughals dominated nearly all of Rajasthan's princely states at the time, Mughal influence can be seen strongly in the majority of Indian Rajput painting schools. Rajput painting is a traditional art form that resembles woven fabric and is distinguished by its geometric designs and exquisite workmanship. The off-white cotton fabric is embroidered with woollen threads in shades of red and black. India's hand needlework has preserved numerous artistic traditions that could have otherwise vanished over time. The mat can absorb liquids, including water and spilled drinks, if it is made of cotton. Table runners are typically used to extend the length of tablecloths by 6 to 12 inches, though they can occasionally be utilized with the same length. Using a table runner over the width of the table is an alternative application for it that is still quite effective. Each of the 15 Dining Table Range Designs is created in Adobe Photoshop before being placed on a table for aesthetic assessment. Printed in colour on A4-sized paper. Thirty respondent panels were asked to rank each of the five designs according to their preference. The top five designs were then chosen, and five distinct Rajput Painting Motif placements were made using hand painting. This process was repeated for each table runner, mat, and coaster. Brightly colored A4-sized prints are arranged on a table, and once more, participants were asked to score each design in order of preference. The price of the mats, runners, and coasters was added to the cost of labour, supplies, and adornment. This resulted in the final cost of the dining table range. The selling price was then determined by adding a 25% profit margin to the cost price. The estimated cost of Dining Table Range, ranged Rs. 1,000 to 2,500.

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Rajput paintings, table runner, table mates, coasters.

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The fields of psychology, psychophysics, and physical sciences have all contributed significantly to the advancement of various lie-detection techniques, which are commonly employed as interrogation tools by law enforcement. One such technique is the Narco-analysis test, popularly dubbed as the 'truth serum' test, which entails administering an injection to the subject that contains a 'barbiturate' such as scopolamine, sodium amytal, or sodium pentothal. Narco-analysis originated from psychiatric practices and involves the assistance of psychiatrists or medical professionals. This article elucidates the nature and scope of the Narco-analysis test and scrutinises its benefits, drawbacks, applications, and misapplications. The Narco-analysis test, a gift of contemporary medical research, is seen as a substitute for the unfortunate and alleged common employment of third-degree tactics to extract potentially incriminating evidence from the suspects. The use of the Narco-analysis test presents various conundrums within the realms of law, science, and ethics. The article delineates the circumstances in which a Narco-analysis test may and may not be permissible. The Narco-analysis test has prompted numerous legal concerns regarding its admissibility as evidence, its potential violation of Article 20(3), and its infringement on personal liberty and privacy under Article 21 of the Constitution of India. The article appraises the judiciary's stance on the evidentiary value of Narco-analysis tests and examines its sanctity under Indian Constitutional Law. With a view to upholding the public interest and the cause of justice while safeguarding the rights of the accused, the author has proposed paradigm guidelines with recommendations for the conduction and regulation of the Narco-analysis test. The author has adopted doctrinal research methodology and referred to primary as well as secondary sources in writing this article and in arriving at the aforementioned findings.

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narco-analysis test, constitutional law, constitutionality, lie-detection, ethics, justice

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Abstract The field of the "water economy"--which focuses on the complex economic assessment of water resources--has become a crucial area of academic and applied research. This field goes beyond only acknowledging the inherent importance of water and explores how much it contributes economically to a variety of industries, including energy generation, industry, and agriculture. It carefully looks at the processes that control the distribution of water, evaluating the effectiveness of current pricing schemes and investigating substitute financial tools that encourage effective distribution. Additionally, it examines the legal frameworks intended to guarantee the sustainable use of this essential resource, recognizing the necessity of strong governance systems that strike a balance between conflicting demands and safeguard long-term availability. Water management must alter to meet the growing global water shortage, which is caused by a combination of causes such as unsustainable farming practices, inefficient consumption habits, and the worsening effects of climate change. This calls for a thorough and planned strategy that goes beyond disjointed and reactive reactions to proactive and integrated solutions. Given that this essential resource is essential to sustaining ecological health, economic growth, and human well-being, it is necessary that it be distributed fairly and allocated effectively. This study does a thorough investigation of the various facets of the water economy. It explores the complex economic value of water, not only as a commodity but also as a vital component of many economic endeavour and a supplier of vital ecological services. By highlighting the necessity of a comprehensive and inclusive approach that takes into account the inter-dependencies of water resources and the various demands of stakeholders, it clarifies the fundamentals of integrated water resource management, or IWRM. Additionally, it thoroughly examines the complex effects of water scarcity on a range of industrial sectors, including the possibility of higher operating costs, supply chain vulnerabilities, and production disruptions. In order to solve these issues and guarantee water security for both the current and future generations, it simultaneously develops and suggests workable, long-term solutions that include behavioral adjustments, legislative changes, and technology advancements. This entails supporting water conservation through intelligent technology and education, as well as circular water economies.

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Keywords: Water economy, sustainable management, Economic valuation.

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KEYWORDS: Migration, Daily Wage Laborers, Emotional Well-being, Socioeconomic Factors, Mangalore Taluk

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The digital transformation of education in India, as envisioned by the National Education Policy 2020 (NEP 2020), strongly emphasizes integrating online resources to enhance equity, quality, and access in learning. Yet, rural regions continue to face challenges in infrastructure and digital inclusion. This study investigates the availability and demand for online educational resources in rural India through a case study of Western Uttar Pradesh, based on survey data from 252 respondents affiliated with higher education institutions. The analysis reveals that a significant proportion of respondents expressed strong demand for smart libraries/reading rooms (64.3%), smart classrooms (63.1%), free village Wi-Fi (61.1%), and online courses (59.9%), while more than half supported the establishment of technical institutes (54.0%). The relatively lower demand for Jan Suvidha Kendras (42.1%) indicates a preference for resources directly linked to learning enhancement. The findings support the NEP 2020's objectives of digital pedagogy, equitable access, and resilient education systems. The study highlights the urgent need to expand rural digital infrastructure, invest in teacher training for digital pedagogy, and ensure the availability of localized e-content. By bridging the digital divide, India can advance towards a futuristic education system that empowers rural learners with 21st-century skills and fulfills the policy vision of inclusive and technology-driven education.

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National Education Policy 2020, Digital Divide, Online Resources

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If the arrival of quantity of an item is not certain when some quantity is ordered and this quantity is needed to give some time for service to all arrived items in inventory before allowing it for sell and it spends time in the inventory besides the starting time of depleting it from the inventory up to the zero level of inventory. This service time is cost of holding on all received items in the inventory. The optimal order quantity depends only on the mean and standard deviation of the amount arrived and if we can reduce the service time by increasing service persons or facilities the total cost goes near to cost of EOQ model with uncertain arrival of quantity.

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Inventory system, Demand rate, Service rate, Replenishment rate, Lead time, Queuing system Service time, re-order point.

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Organisation is a social entity with different forms having basic elements with an authority structure to fulfil the purpose for which it exists through the collective efforts of organisational members. The paper attempts to enquire critically different characteristics of an organisation from different dimensions like personhood, identity, culture, image etc. Organisational Identity is like a biological identity of a person. But unlike a biological entity, an organisation is a social entity whose identity has to be developed by the stakeholders of the organisation. Then arises the issue of conditionalities of organisational identity. Here the conditionalities have been structured in a pyramidal model. Thus organisation with its characteristics has been critically analysed.

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Organisation, Personhood, Identity, Culture, Image, Pyramidal model.

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A form of currency that can only be accessed digitally or electronically is known as Digital Currency. Other names for it include cyber cash, electronic currency, digital money. As they only exist in electronic form, digital currencies can only be used with computers or smartphones. Common digital currencies are frequently the least expensive way to trade currencies because they don't need middlemen. Not all digital currencies are cryptocurrencies, but all cryptocurrencies are digital currencies. The frictionless asset transfer and potential reduction in transaction costs are some benefits of digital currencies. Digital currencies have some drawbacks, including the fact that they can be volatile to trade and are vulnerable to hacking. Through this qualitative paper, the researcher went through the different digital currencies and its related future. For this study a variety of articles were verified both digital and physical.

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Digital Currency, Virtual Currency, Crypto Currency, Central Bank Digital Currency, Future, E-Rupee

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