Volume 11 | Issue 9

 Abstract

In Bangladesh, most of the foodstuffs are they manufactured or processed, are unsafe for consumption or adulterated to varying degrees. This problem persists at every level of the food chain from preparation to consumption. Food manufacturers, processors, restaurants, fast food outlets and so forth are all involved in one way or another in this corrupt practice of adulteration. Foods are adulterated by using various harmful chemicals and toxic artificial colors, on the one hand, and rotten perishables turned to poisonous foods are stored, sold and served to consumers in an unhygienic atmosphere, on the other. The unhygienic and unsafe treatment of food is seriously impacting public health by causing numerous chronic and non-chronic diseases. Despite different reasons for the unsafe treatment and adulteration of foodstuffs in Bangladesh, this study will concentrate on the regulatory failures to combat the current food safety problems persisting in Bangladesh.

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Food Safety, Food Security, Bangladesh, Public Health, Challenges

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Virtual classroom and E learning is becoming popular and effective teaching and learning method for contemporary days. It is very much essential for pandemic situation or natural disaster when face to face class become impossible. Teaching is an art and it depends on the techniques adopted in the classroom and the skills of the teacher. Globalization has brought about a lot of technological changes around the world and it has been reflected in teaching method too. The concept of virtual classroom is one of the recent trends in education and teachers are adapting to it, in order to overcome the barriers of teaching and learning. A virtual classroom is a set of teaching- learning tool which intends to improve learning experience of students with the help of various technological devices. However the present study has conducted to explore virtual class room, to assess terminology related to virtual class room and to find out the challenges of virtual class room. The study was documentary analysis type. Information and data were collected from secondary sources. These were collected from books, research reports, journals, different annual reports, different government and non government websites and different websites. A literature review was conducted by using the internet search, google databases with the virtual classroom. A hand search was also undertaken to relevant journals identified by the electronic search and additional articles identified from the reference list of the key articles. A number of articles have been found on virtual class room. From the study it was evident that virtual classroom and E learning plays significant roles in different situations. All stakeholders of education should have well concepts and well practical knowledge about virtual classroom and E learning, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) related knowledge, knowledge related computer and smart phone. Government should provide economic and technical supports to all stakeholders of education and should provide required training for teachers and students.

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Virtual class room, E learning, Education, Training, Teacher, Student, Computer, Smartphone, Internet, Distance learning.

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Background: Now a days there is increased demand and progress in the nursing profession. Along with these stress among the nurses has also increased. Objective: Purpose of the study was to assess the extent of perceived occupational stress and its association with work-related and non-work related causes among nurses. Materials and method: This Cross-sectional study was carried out among 100 nurses of Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH), Dhaka, Bangladesh. Sampling method was simple random sampling. Data was collected by face to face interview with the help of semi-structured questionnaire and finally all data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21. Results: It was found that 68.5% nurses were between the age of 22 to 40 years, 95.1% were female, 67% were married, 78% were Muslim, 84.6% had diploma, family income of 91.6% were equal to more than 38,000 Tk. and 95.7% used to do clinical work. Only 5.2% found to experience high stress. Statistically significant difference was found between sex, occupational stress and religion, educational status, and type of work (p < 0.05). Few nurses suffered from high stress but high level of stress were more in male, non Muslim, post graduate nurse and those who were engaged in administrative work. Conclusion: Nurse Managers should take appropriate actions to decrease stress helping their nurses to work efficiently and effectively.

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Nurses; occupational stress, Hospital, Occupational Stress, Dhaka, Bangladesh

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The present study deals with the antioxidant potential of Tinospora formanii leaf extracts. The leaves were collected and subjected to solvent extraction. Different solvent extracts (hexane, chloroform, methanol, water) were prepared, and their antioxidant activities were assessed using DPPH, FRAP, nitric oxide, hydroxyl radical, and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays. Methanol extracts exhibited the highest yield and demonstrated strong antioxidant activity in most assays, with notable IC50 values. The findings underline the significance of solvent polarity in extract yield and antioxidant potential. Methanol extracts showed superior scavenging activity, possibly due to their high phenolic content, making them promising sources of natural antioxidants. These results contribute to understanding the potential health benefits of T. formanii and its extracts in mitigating oxidative stress-related disorders.

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Tinospora formanii, leaf extracts, antioxidant potential.

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This study sought to find out how Suraya-Namaskar, a type of yoga, affected upper body explosive strength. The study involved a randomized controlled trial with a sample of individuals separated into two groups: the experimental group, which engaged in Suraya-Namasakar practice, and the control group, which did not partake in any particular training. Using a medicine ball throw test, the participants' upper body explosive strength was evaluated both before and after the intervention. The experiment's findings showed that individuals in the experimental group who regularly practiced Suraya-Namasakar throughout the intervention period significantly increased their upper body explosive strength. However, the control group did not experience any significant changes in explosive strength at the same period. This implies that Suraya-Namaskar has a beneficial effect on the growth of upper body explosive strength. The results of this study have applications for academics, athletes, fitness buffs, and others who want to improve their upper-body explosive strength. Suraya-Namaskar may provide an efficient substitute for conventional strength training exercises in workout regimens. Additionally, it demonstrates how yoga practices may enhance physical performance and offers fresh perspectives on the fields of exercise science and training approaches. Future studies may also look at the underlying processes resulting in the reported increases in explosive power after Suraya-Namaskar training. In conclusion, this study advances our knowledge of how Suraya-Namaskar affects upper-body explosive strength. It creates new study opportunities in the area of yoga-based training and its conceivable advantages for improving physical performance, particularly in the context of developing explosive strength.

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Keywords- yoga, Surya-namaskar, asana, strength, explosive strength.

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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND : Food which is the source of health and wellbeing of the living organisms. In case of human beings, the physical and mental well-being depends on which food they intake. Hadjod stem is one of the good plants which is used in treatments for various medicinal conditions. Pearl millet is a deep root system comparing with other cereals it holds higher nutritional merits. This product is beneficial for the enrichment of nutritional status. RESULT : Calcium, Magnesium and Phosphorous are the nutrients that good when compared to control. Nutritional factors like Protein, calories and Carbohydrate of the developed product are exceeds from the better sources when comparing the control's sources. CONCLUSION: Finally, the Product which has been developed outperforms the control completely in terms of Nutritional aspects. Due to its nutritive value this product is especially recommended for celiac disease peoples and this product is low in cost which is avail these days.

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Hadjod stem , Pearl millet, Roasting, Dry Heating, Fermentation, Sprouting

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Research aptitude and attitude are very important any master student as they have to go for teaching and research. Teaching and research are the part and parcel for the every faculty member of higher education. Aptitude and attitude skills are very important component to measure the competence to do a certain work at a certain level. Aptitude is a natural talent which can be improved or developed by giving proper training. The research paper helps to understand the need and awareness of research aptitude and attitude of M.Ed. students in Institute of Education, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi. For this research paper, researcher took a sample of 40 M.Ed. students by purposive sampling. By doing analysis of the taken data researcher comes to result that there is no significant association among research aptitude, research attitude and research work of the M.Ed. Students.

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Research Aptitude and Research Attitude

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Dynamic memory management is vital in embedded systems as it allows efficient allocation and deallocation of memory blocks, optimizing resource utilization. It provides adaptability to changing runtime requirements, enabling embedded systems to handle varying data sizes and structures effectively. Furthermore, dynamic memory management plays a crucial role in memory optimization, minimizing fragmentation and maximizing memory usage for improved system performance. This paper investigates the potential of smart and programmable memory management methods to enhance performance and efficiency in MMU-less embedded systems, addressing the challenge of limited space and the increasing use of IoT. The current approach has achieved an improvement in allocation speed, around 3-4 times faster, with a slight trade-off in deallocation speed. Additionally, the outcome includes achieving 0 fragmented memory. Additionally, the paper provides detailed algorithms for implementing memory allocation, deallocation, and defragmentation processes directly within the application software that is already in use. These algorithms offer practical and feasible solutions for managing memory efficiently without requiring significant changes to the existing software infrastructure.

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Internet of Things, Memory Management Units, Dynamic Memory Allocation Schemes, Embedded systems.

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India's National Food Security Act (NFSA) of 2013 stands as a pivotal milestone in the nation's ongoing battle against hunger, malnutrition, and food insecurity. Rooted in the fundamental human right to food, NFSA reflects India's commitment to ensuring food access for its citizens in a life cycle approach. This article dwells into the implementation of the NFSA and addresses the benefits availed by the citizens and the challenges faced in the implementation of the Act. In its conclusion, the article envisions potential avenues for enhancing India's compliance, advocating for policy enhancements, increased funding, and continuous alignment of domestic actions with global aspirations. It unravels a narrative encompassing challenges and triumphs in the pursuit of a world where the right to food is inalienable, and sustenance is guaranteed for every citizen, by dissecting the intricate tapestry of India's compliance with international obligations within the ambit of the NFSA.

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Human Rights, Right to Food

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Since, India was one who ratified the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), as well initially signed the United Nations Organization charter, the makers of the Indian Constitution were well aware of the fact that there are certain natural rights which cannot be overlooked and that the Indian Constitution must contain them as Fundamental Rights. In India, before the enactment of the constitution the concept of equality between male and female was unknown. The constitution, guaranteed equality of opportunity and status to women along with men and special provisions were made for the welfare of the women. However, now the India has an elaborate system of laws to protect the rights of the women. The meaning and content of fundamental rights guaranteed in the Constitution of India are of sufficient amplitude to encompass all the facets of gender equality including protection of women from gender violence.

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Women, Violence, Policies, Fundamental Rights & Duties

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Every research is dedicated for the welfare of the mankind and to serve the humanity. Similar to every research that has culminated dreams to reality this research also aspires to serve mankind at its best. As children are des-tined to be the future citizens of the world, protecting them from premature death or loss from family is a duty to every responsible human being. The domain for this research is in the area of biometric recognition of newborn and infants to preserve their identity. After extensive study on related arti-cles and research materials in this field, a new approach of infant recognition using advanced techniques of computation has been identified. As it is well known that every research to be successful needs appropriate data. But in-fants biometric, being sensitive data ,availability of these data for public re-search purposes is rare. For the study the researchers gathered 30 samples for the purpose of this study, The paper focusses the data collection techniques, demographics and issues and challenges during the data collection phases. The paper concludes with some discussion on the key factors that can help resolve most of the issues. The researchers hope that this paper can act as a resource of lessons learned for many future researchers.

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Data Collection, Demographics, Child Identification

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According to the UN report, India is estimated to be the most severely affected as the global urban population facing water scarcity is projected to increase from 933 million in 2016 to 1.7-2.4 billion people in 2050, there is a water shortage problem worldwide. Common people in India are facing a bigger to a higher level of water scarcity. The NITI Aayog, an Indian government policy think tank, recently gave a report on the dependency of India on the irregular Monsoon for the water required to fulfill the challenges of water scarcity. There is an increasing trend of degradation and pollution of the environment because of industrialization, agricultural product, and urban life development. This kind of development is adversely affecting the water reservoir in India which is important for sustaining human health, social development, and ultimately life. According to global data, an estimated amount of 80% of industrial and municipal wastewater is discharged into the environment without any required treatment, adversely affecting human health and the ecosystem. The least developed countries are having higher percentage because sanitation and wastewater treatment is lacking. This paper explains the research work done on the physical and chemical characteristics of industrial wastewater collected from two industries; Taloja MIDC and Khopoli MIDC. As per the study, it has been found that some industries are responsible for polluting the surrounding area including Textile, Petrochemical, Chemical, pharmaceutical, and paper industries. There is the same situation in Raigad district of Maharashtra. As per the recent news data, there are 67 villages and 193 'wadis' (smaller areas) in the Raigad district are facing acute water shortage. The present research work deals with the study of some of the important physicochemical parameters of industrial wastewater effluents collected from Taloja MIDC as well as Khopoli MIDC of Raigad district of Mumbai. The study reveals that engineering, paper mill, fine chemical, dyes, paint, pharmaceutical, petrochemical, and textile industries are some of the major industries responsible for polluting the surrounding rivers of this area. The parameters like Turbidity, temperature, chloride content, pH, and COD have been considered in two seasons of the year, one in the winter and another in the rainy season in two different industrial areas of the Raigad district. The results and analysis are discussed here.

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Water pollution, water treatment, Physico chemical contamination

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Beverages, business, evaluation, socio-monitary.

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The Internet of Things (IoT) is the linking of smart devices for data collection and intelligent decision making. Yet, IOT is open to privacy and security risks due to the absence of security measures. The centralized architecture of the Internet of Things is a significant challenge. Every node in a redIoT infrastructure is typically a potential point of weakness that could be used to start cyber attacks. Data confidentiality and authentication are other continuous and serious concerns. IoT data could be hacked and misused if data security is not provided properly for Data integrity is another issue for IoT. Decision making support systems are one of the most important IoT applications. So, protecting the system from injection attacks, which attempt to insert fake measures and, thus, impact decision making, is crucial. For automated systems, such as manufacturing sectors and vehicular networks, which handle real-time data, availability is crucial. The addition of a publicly verifiable audit trail that is not reliant on a trusted third party is necessary, as it addresses all of these issues.

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BlockChain, IOT, Security

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Women participate far less than males in Indian politics, which is perceived by the public as being a male-dominated field. Politics is also a murky and dishonest game. Women feel they are not secure physically and mentally in the political arena. Even they are unable to make decisions about their own life. So how can women manage the administrative sector? Even Nevertheless, the Indian government has introduced several political initiatives to get women to join. The government established measures to improve the status of women in society after the country gained independence (1947). Also, women were given greater influence by designating 33 percent of the seats on the short political sector's decision-making platform. Yet the reality is that the political engagement of women is either below average or much below average. But we can see that such amazing women did not simply reign throughout India's political history. They continue to leave a mark on Indian politics and are remembered by the outside world. This research focuses on the contributions made by those women during and after India's Independence.

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Women, Political Activity, India

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Nearly 14 crore of farmers in the country are the members of the cooperative system in the country. Nearly 95% of KCC loans disbursing through PACS are provided to the small and marginal farmers of the country. This is about 41% of the loan provided by PACS through KCC in the country. To increase the efficiency and productivity of the PACS the cabinet committee of the union government has approved the idea of digitization of the PACS of the country. There are about 65000 PACS are working in the country. Now days the governments are focusing on multipurpose PACS in the country so that they can provide some other facilities to its members along with the financial facilities they are providing, facilities like storage space, rentable agricultural tools and implements etc. In the Eastern and North-Eastern Co-operative Dairy Conclave 2022 the Union Home minister promised for the establishment of the PACS in every Panchayat of the country.

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Marginal, Financial, Marketing, Self-help, Mutual help, Credit

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As the different techniques such as Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things, Blockchain revolutionized among today's generation, there is also an equally revolutionized technology which is Cloud Computing that is been used by millions of users for saving data, transferring data, and many more. As everything is getting advancing, there is also an important factor that every user's or say customers that are concerned with i.e., security. In data centers of massively scalable, the cloud services and data are residing and from everywhere it can be accessed. The increase of cloud customers has sadly been accompanied by an increase in malicious activity in the cloud. Almost every day more and greater vulnerabilities are discovered and published in a new security advisory. For different purposes Cloud surfing is done by millions of users; so that, they want highly persistent and safe services. So, in this paper we propose an effective enhanced security-based cloud computing using Cryptography and also Deep Learning (DL) approach was, Dense Belief Network is used as classifier layer for classifying various intrude data and then finally passed to Advance Encryption Standard before it is being launched to the cloud or ensuring data confidentiality and security. We also evaluated our proposed model (AES-RK-DBN) concerning other models such as LSTM, DenseNet, Resnet, VGG, CNN underperformance measures such as Accuracy, Specificity, Detection Rate, Sensitivity, and mostly Security in which our model gives higher satisfaction in terms of accuracy and security.

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Cloud Computing, Deep Learning, Deep Belief Network, Encryption, Internet of Things, RK-AES Algorithm

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Same-sex marriages refer to marriages between two individuals of the same gender. In India, same-sex marriages are not currently legal, although there are ongoing efforts to recognize and legalize them. This topic is important because it relates to the fundamental human rights of LGBTQ+ individuals and the recognition and protection of their relationships. Legalizing same-sex marriage would not only provide legal recognition and protection for LGBTQ+ couples but al so promote greater social acceptance and reduce discrimination against the community. It is an important issue for LGBTQ+ rights activists and advocates around the world, and its significance extends beyond the legal sphere to broader social and cultural attitudes towards the LGBTQ+ community. The purpose of this research paper is to understand and study the social stigma in detail attached to the connotation of word "homosexuality" and "same sex marriages'' in India and how it affects the fundamental right of life and liberty at the same time violates their right to live with dignity under Article 21 of Indian constitution.

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LGBTQ+, Article 21 of Indian constitution, homosexuality , heterosexuality, human rights .

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All aspects of Indian art, including dance, music, theatre, painting, sculpture, and literature, are based on the idea of rasa. It might be said that this is the inspiration of Indian art, and it needs to be studied from every angle. The fruit element of rasa is present in all early literature, including the Vedas, ??stras, and epics that specifically discuss mythology. These mythical, conventional narratives serve as a repository for the fundamental element of Rasa, enabling the enjoyed to experience many emotions. This research article explores V?ra Rasa in the famous mythological story about the ten incarnations of Lord Vi??u, i.e., Da??vat?ra.

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Bh?va, Rasa, Da??vat?ra, V?ra, weapons, etc.

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In day-to-day life the problem related to anorectal disease are increasing in people. The bad habit or not following good daily routine (Dincharya) are the primary cause of disease related to anorectal disease. Haemorrhoids are dilatation of rectal veins. Thrombosed Haemorrhoid is a very painful and extremely uncomfortable condition. This condition worsens when strangulation develops that cuts-off blood supply. Typically, a clot of blood making it very painful. In such cases patient is not always ready for surgery, so minimal invasive technique is useful in such cases. Minimal invasive technique of the ancient medical science which require documentation of their effect on different ailments. One of these techniques is bloodletting with the help of jaloukas. Aacharya Sushruta mentioned Jaloukavacharana as treatment of choice in this painful condition. In the present case we applied Jalouka on thrombosed hemorrhoids. This application provides local analgesic, thrombolytic and anti-inflammatory action along with significant symptomatic improvement to the patient.

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Hemorrhoids, Thrombosis, Jaloukavacharana.

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