Volume 11 | Issue 9

 Abstract

: Rasmussen aneurysm describes an aneurysm occurring in the branch of a peripheral pulmonary artery adjacent to or within a tuberculous cavity. In the clinical context, Rasmussen aneurysms can be a cause for massive hemoptysis among patients with tuberculosis, which has an associated mortality ranging from 5 to 25%. Careful evaluation of pre- and post- contrast computed tomography (CT) scans of the lung will demonstrate focal enhancement within the pulmonary aneurysm, which may be one of the first clues in diagnosis. We report a case of Rasmussen aneurysm in a male patient with a history of tuberculosis

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Rasmussen aneurysm, Hemoptysis, Tuberculosis

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Chitin is the most abundant polysaccharide in the marine ecosystem and second in nature after cellulose. Chitosan is a derivative of chitin after the process of deacetylation. Chitosan has a number of commercial and possible biomedical uses. Many biochemists have found that chitosan as biocompatible, biodegradable and non-toxic which made wide applicability in conventional pharmaceutics as a potential formulation excipient. It is made by treating the chitin sea waste like fish scales with an alkaline substance, like sodium hydroxide. The present study was undertaken to extract chitin & synthesize chitosan by chemical method. Chitosan is synthesized from waste fish scales by a sequence of chemical processes involving demineralization, deproteinization and deacetylation. It is analyzed for its physiochemical parameters & the analysis is done by FTIR of extracted chitosan.

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Chitin, Chitosan, HCL, NaOH, FTIR etc.

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T.V., Advertisement, Impact, Children, Attributes of advertisement.

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This study aims to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the financial performance of Karnataka Soaps and Detergents Limited, a company located in Karnataka, India. The study will delve into the company's financial statements, ratios, and key performance indicators over a specific period. By examining aspects such as liquidity, profitability, solvency, and turnover, the study seeks to provide insights into the company's financial health and performance trends. The findings of this analysis will contribute to a better understanding of the company's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, aiding stakeholders in making informed decisions and strategies for the company's future growth and sustainability.

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Financial performance analysis, liquidity, profitability, solvency, and turnover

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This paper examines the European Union (EU) in the role of regional organisation against the conflicts that take place around the world. In this context, the paper explores whether it is one among the victims or a contributor to the global disorder. So this paper explored the internal factors that promoted fragmented voices and contributed to complicating the regional security within the EU, and also how the EU's external role turned out to be a challenge for its security.

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Conflict, Conflict Resolution, European Union, United Nations, Hybrid Conflict, Peace, Actor

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Abstract: Villages play an important role in deciding social structure and living standards of the people. Article 243G vests powers in the State Legislatures to endow Panchayats with such powers and authority to function as institutions of self-government. As per the 73rd Amendment, AP Government enacted AP Panchayat Raj Act 1994.The Act provides for the creation of three tier system of local governance - gram panchayat at the village level, Mandal Parishad at the intermediate level and Zilla Parishad at the district level, with required powers and functions contained in Schedule XI of the Constitution. Panchayats are responsible for preparation of plans and their execution for economic development and social justice related to 29 subjects under Eleventh schedule of the constitution. Panchayat Institutions are vehicles of political empowerment of people at the grass root level for shaping their own destiny. A vast majority of people are living at the grassroots level in the rural and remote areas Without any touch of the modern day. To strengthen these institutions, the Andhra Pradesh government introduces village and ward secretariats at grassroots level. These secretariats are meant to bring all the services offered by the government to the doorstep of the beneficiaries and for targeted beneficiary identification. All the line departments of government are extended to the panchayat level with village functionaries representing their respective line departments. In this article the focus is laid on the efficacy and main objectives of this system in promoting grassroots governance.

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Keywords: Services delivery, Transparency, Accountability, Participation, Good Governance

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A Mutual Fund is an investment avenue which involves professionals and experts who pools funds from investors in order to invest, here unlike stocks the funds will be spent in diversified portfolio which includes variety of or mix of different asset classes, such as stocks, bonds, cash equivalents, other alternative investments like commodities, and real estate. Mutual funds have become a prominent choice for investors due to their ability to provide diversification, professional management, and accessibility. These funds, managed by experienced professionals, offer a way for individuals to participate in financial markets without the need for extensive market knowledge. Their transparency, variety, and regulatory oversight add to their appeal, while options like systematic investment plans and historical returns make them a compelling choice. Performance Evaluation of Debt Mutual Funds involves assessing the effectiveness and success of the investment vehicles in generating returns. The category of research conducted is Descriptive in nature. The study focuses on the evaluation of Debt Mutual Funds of Macaulay duration, which typically involves analyzing factors such as historical returns, and risks taken by the fund, which is executed using tools such as Alpha, Beta, Standard deviation, Treynor's ratio, Sharpe ratio, and Jensen's ratio.

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Debt Mutual Fund, Diversification, Risk, Return, Macaulay Duration.

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When Apple CEO Steve Jobs stated in January 2007 that a innovative iPhone can be launched five months subsequently, clients awaited with baited breath for a telecell Smartphone that could integrate all the capabilities in their iPods with the capability of a clever telecell Smartphone. As June neared, anticipation mounted, simply as Jobs predicted. The occasion could cross down in records as certainly considered one among Apple's maximum predicted technological product launches, way to the company's extraordinary media make-up. The development, pricing, creation, and distribution of the iPhone is an undertaking for entrepreneurs all throughout the world. Investors in Apple have been additionally thrilled with the outgrowth.

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iPhone, transferring tendency, features, Android telecellSmartphone.

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In this paper circular patch microstrip antennas with multidielectric layers have been chosen to yield wide bandwidth because it provides better compromise between bandwidth and surface wave effect, light weight and ease of fabrication. Variation of resonant frequency with various parameters is presented at 10 GHz and 3 GHz of microwave frequency range. Also, the radiation patterns are studied at both the frequency range.

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Microstrip Antina,circular MSA, Patch Antina

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The solar-powered path follower robot is an autonomous robotic system designed to navigate along a predefined path using solar energy as its primary power source. This paper focuses on the design, development, and evaluation of such a robot with the objective of achieving efficient and sustainable autonomous navigation. The paper begins with the integration of solar panels as the main source of energy generation. These panels capture sunlight and convert it into electrical energy, which is then regulated and managed by a solar power system. The system ensures optimal utilization of solar energy and continuous operation of the robot during daylight hours. Energy storage components such as batteries or capacitors are employed to store excess energy, allowing the robot to operate even when sunlight is not available. The path detection and navigation system in-corporates robust sensors and algorithms.

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Solar PV panel, sensors, robot

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Considering the growing worldwide population, there's a pressing need to augment food production. To address this challenge, efforts are underway to enhance crop yields. Scientists prefer biological components over chemicals to boost productivity, mainly due to their eco-friendly attributes and minimal harm to organisms. This study involved the application of two different products: bioenzyme, a fermented substance, and extracts from orange, grapes, and pomegranate fruit pulp. These were applied through foliar spraying on tomato plant leaves every 15 days post-sowing. The investigation encompassed evaluations of growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, and oxidative stress parameters. The study's outcomes unveiled noteworthy findings regarding tomato plants. All dilutions of bioenzyme and fruit pulp extract prompted significant height increments. Particularly, the treatment involving 1ml per litre of fruit pulp showcased a highly significant increase in the leaf area compared to the control group. Changes in photosynthetic pigments and oxidative stress parameters were significant across all treatments following the second spray. The most favourable outcomes for tomato plants emerged after two applications, using various dilutions of bioenzyme and fruit pulp extract. Nevertheless, increased frequency in applications resulted in a decline across all evaluated parameters. This decline could potentially be attributed to excessive use of bioenzyme or fruit pulp extract. Thus, optimal results can be achieved with only two sprays every 15th day.

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Chlorophyll, Leaf area, Malondialdehyde (MDA), Plant height, Peroxidase.

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Comic Potential play by Alan Ayckbourn revolves around a futuristic world where androids are used in television programming. This study explores Comic Potential as a metatheatrical play through the analysis of the play using different conventions of metatheatre such as self referentiality, breaking the fourth wall, the play within the play in detail and emphasizing the constructed nature of the play. It focuses on how these elements contribute to the overall meaning, themes and impact of the play. Ayckbourn by utilizing these devices blurs the boundaries between reality and fiction. Highlighting the artificiality of the television industry and the performances within it, the play prompts the audience to question the nature of theatre itself and its relation to reality. The paper also endeavors to explore the boundaries between humans and humanoid robots and raises thought-provoking questions about the nature of humanity. The influence of Bertolt Brecht's 'epic theatre' as opposed to the Aristotelian theatre will be touched upon.

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Play-within-the-play, Breaking the fourth wall, Illusion and Reality, Artificial Intelligence, Alienation Effect

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In India the quantity of crippled people is expanding consistently. Versatility helps are valuable for patients for transportation and are situation for strolling particularly in indoor and outside climate. Moving the patients from wheelchair to cot or to the clinical bed is generally an issue for the chaperon or assistant. Understanding the different issues with respect to the versatility gear and presenting a superior plan will be a resource for the clinical field and assistance for impaired people. There is a requirement for a wheelchair cum cot to work with the debilitated patient's portability and to give an original clinical hardware to use in the Indian emergency clinics. Here we are fostering a framework which is equipped for moving different positions (Seat, Semi-Seat and Cot) physically. These positions can be accomplished by a lead screw associated with a pivot joint. Lead Screw makes an interpretation of transforming movement into direct movement. Likewise, the level of the cot can be changed utilizing a fastener system physically. It is put on a level plane which pushes against a switch which lifts the primary arm. And furthermore, there is a cover on seat which can be opened to wipe out human waste. This is an expense lessening project which assists fundamentally deadened patients with doing their everyday things.

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wheel chair, Fabrication, Physically Challenged person, head motion based.

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Heart diseases, hypertension, diabetes, COPD and cancer are some of the major NCDs and account for more than three-fifths of a death in Bangladesh. This study was aimed to assess the level of nurses' knowledge regarding nursing care and management of the hypertensive patients. This study utilized a descriptive cross-sectional study type and the data were collected using self-administered questionnaire. The respondents were informed about the purpose of the study to obtain their consent and they were given clear instructions on how to fill the questionnaires. All the data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. In this study slightly above 60.0% of the participants were female and 73% of them were Muslims. More than half (53.0%) of the respondents had B.Sc. in nursing and 51.3% of them had <10 years of service experience. About 70.4% of the respondents had attended training on hypertension and 92.2% of them know about normal blood pressure measurement. About 92.2% of the participants know the causes of hypertension and 82.6% of the respondents mentioned that hypertension management aims to prevent morbidity and mortality and only 39.1% of them know the recommended diet for people with hypertension. The finding reported that the nurses' knowledge regarding the management of hypertensive patients and knowledge on hypertension were very good. Developing knowledge among the nurses in relation to hypertension is the key factor to plan for comprehensive nursing care for better prognosis of the patient.

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Diseases, Hypertension, Knowledge, Nurses, Patients

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Postpartum haemorrhage is any amount of bleeding from or into genital tract following birth of the baby up to the end of puerperium which adversely affects the general condition of the patient evidenced by rise in pulse rate and falling blood pressure. Postpartum haemorrhage is a major complication of delivery world wide as well as in Bangladesh. It is also a leading factor in maternal mortality and morbidity all over the world. It has been estimated that more than 125 thousand women die of PPH. In Bangladesh it contributes 26% of maternal deaths. However the present study has conducted to observe the efficacy of hydrostatic ballooning by condom, as an intrauterine tamponade in controlling PPH, where medical treatment fails, to find out safety and complication, to evaluate the morbidities after the procedure, to identify the risk factors cost effectiveness of the procedure and to evaluate the overall outcome of PPH cases after use of intrauterine balloon tamponade. The study was a prospective study. The study was conducted at department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kumudini Women Medical College and Hospital at Tangail in Bangladesh. Fifty consecutive cases were being drawn from the admitted patients having PPH, after delivery. Under aseptic precautions a sterile rubber catheter was inserted within the condom and tied near the mouth of the condom by a silk thread. Urinary bladder was kept empty by indwelling Foley's catheter. After putting the patient in the lithotomic position, the condom was inserted within the uterine cavity. Inner end of the catheter remained within the Condom. Outer end of the catheter was connected with a saline set and the condom was inflated with 250-500mL of running normal saline till resistant to flow developed. Bleeding was observed, and when it was reduced considerably, further inflation was stopped and outer end of the catheter was folded and tied with thread. Uterine contraction was maintained by oxytocin drip for at least 6 hours after the procedure. The uterine condom was kept tight in position by ribbon gauze pack sterile sanitary pad or another inflated condom placed in the vagina. The condom catheter was kept for 24-48 hours depending upon the initial intensity of blood loss and then it was deflated gradually over (10-15 minutes) and removed. Patient was kept under triple antibiotic coverage (amoxicillin {500mg every 6 hrs} + metronidazole {500mg every 8 hrs} + gentamicin {80mg every 8 hrs}) administered intravenously for 2 days followed by oral 5 days. A questionnaire was used to collect information on age, parity, gestational weeks, antenatal care, mode of delivery, neonatal outcome, interval between delivery and PPH, time interval of onset of PPH and introduction of condom, duration of retaining condom in situ, place of occurrence of PPH, other associated complicating factors for PPH, hospital stay, blood transfusion and outcome PPH. Sample was selected as consecutive convenient sampling interview was taken from patient or her attendance that was available at that time. Antenatal, postnatal details and clinical examination findings were recorded. Medical treatment, interventional procedure and outcome recorded. Postpartum hemorrhage is an obstetric emergency. It becomes life threatening when it occurs in helpless women delivering at remote area/home. Uterine inertia, retained placenta with morbid adhesion is to be the major cause of postpartum hemorrhage along with mismanaged third stage of labour, Identification of the risk factors for developing PPH during the antenatal checkup, labour conducted by skilled birth attendant reduces the frequency of PPH. Immediate transfer of PPH cases to a health center where blood transfusion and operative facilities are available in short possible time is recommended. Hydrostatic method for control of obstetric haemorrhage is simple, safe, highly effective and economic. It can be used in developing country as well as developed for controlled of hamorrhage. Health providers involved in safe delivery practice including the paramedics can be easily trained in this procedure and can reduce maternal mortality to a great extent. If a readymade device with condom and plain rubber catheter can be made available in sterile packs (which should be cost effective) it would have been more applicable in all levels of health sectors. It is recommended to make large control trail of this type of study to control PPH to make this packing technique more acceptable and evidenced based thereby contributing to the safe delivery and safe motherhood programs of this country.

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Postpartum haemorrhage, Management, Condom, Women, Delivery, Pregnancy, labour, antenatal check up.

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Teaching practices is very much important for teaching profession. Teaching practices is also related for student learning. Teaching practices make a good and experienced teacher. However the present study has conducted to review about teaching practices and student achievement and its related terms. The study was documentary analysis type. Information and data were collected from secondary sources. Information and data were collected from books, research reports, journals, different annual reports, different government and non government websites and different websites. A literature review was conducted by using the internet search, google databases with the virtual classroom. A hand search was also undertaken to relevant journals identified by the electronic search and additional articles identified from the reference list of the key articles. A number of articles have been found on teaching practices and student achievement. From the result it was found that teaching practices are very much essential for becoming an ideal teacher. Without teaching practices a teacher will not be able to teach students in large scale even a single student. In English there is a proverb that "Practice makes a man perfect." So, teachers should practice more before going to take any class. Student achievement is the ultimate result of a teacher's teaching. When a teacher will teach properly, students will learn properly, student will understand properly and will enter in to his or her brain and the student will never forget the lesson. So teachers should teach in such a way that student can achieve his or her teaching easily and properly.

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Teaching, Teacher, Teachers' Training, Student, Practice, Learning, Achievement, Knowledge, Education, Evaluation

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In Bangladesh, most of the foodstuffs are they manufactured or processed, are unsafe for consumption or adulterated to varying degrees. This problem persists at every level of the food chain from preparation to consumption. Food manufacturers, processors, restaurants, fast food outlets and so forth are all involved in one way or another in this corrupt practice of adulteration. Foods are adulterated by using various harmful chemicals and toxic artificial colors, on the one hand, and rotten perishables turned to poisonous foods are stored, sold and served to consumers in an unhygienic atmosphere, on the other. The unhygienic and unsafe treatment of food is seriously impacting public health by causing numerous chronic and non-chronic diseases. Despite different reasons for the unsafe treatment and adulteration of foodstuffs in Bangladesh, this study will concentrate on the regulatory failures to combat the current food safety problems persisting in Bangladesh.

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Food Safety, Food Security, Bangladesh, Public Health, Challenges

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Virtual classroom and E learning is becoming popular and effective teaching and learning method for contemporary days. It is very much essential for pandemic situation or natural disaster when face to face class become impossible. Teaching is an art and it depends on the techniques adopted in the classroom and the skills of the teacher. Globalization has brought about a lot of technological changes around the world and it has been reflected in teaching method too. The concept of virtual classroom is one of the recent trends in education and teachers are adapting to it, in order to overcome the barriers of teaching and learning. A virtual classroom is a set of teaching- learning tool which intends to improve learning experience of students with the help of various technological devices. However the present study has conducted to explore virtual class room, to assess terminology related to virtual class room and to find out the challenges of virtual class room. The study was documentary analysis type. Information and data were collected from secondary sources. These were collected from books, research reports, journals, different annual reports, different government and non government websites and different websites. A literature review was conducted by using the internet search, google databases with the virtual classroom. A hand search was also undertaken to relevant journals identified by the electronic search and additional articles identified from the reference list of the key articles. A number of articles have been found on virtual class room. From the study it was evident that virtual classroom and E learning plays significant roles in different situations. All stakeholders of education should have well concepts and well practical knowledge about virtual classroom and E learning, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) related knowledge, knowledge related computer and smart phone. Government should provide economic and technical supports to all stakeholders of education and should provide required training for teachers and students.

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Virtual class room, E learning, Education, Training, Teacher, Student, Computer, Smartphone, Internet, Distance learning.

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Background: Now a days there is increased demand and progress in the nursing profession. Along with these stress among the nurses has also increased. Objective: Purpose of the study was to assess the extent of perceived occupational stress and its association with work-related and non-work related causes among nurses. Materials and method: This Cross-sectional study was carried out among 100 nurses of Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH), Dhaka, Bangladesh. Sampling method was simple random sampling. Data was collected by face to face interview with the help of semi-structured questionnaire and finally all data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21. Results: It was found that 68.5% nurses were between the age of 22 to 40 years, 95.1% were female, 67% were married, 78% were Muslim, 84.6% had diploma, family income of 91.6% were equal to more than 38,000 Tk. and 95.7% used to do clinical work. Only 5.2% found to experience high stress. Statistically significant difference was found between sex, occupational stress and religion, educational status, and type of work (p < 0.05). Few nurses suffered from high stress but high level of stress were more in male, non Muslim, post graduate nurse and those who were engaged in administrative work. Conclusion: Nurse Managers should take appropriate actions to decrease stress helping their nurses to work efficiently and effectively.

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Nurses; occupational stress, Hospital, Occupational Stress, Dhaka, Bangladesh

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The present study deals with the antioxidant potential of Tinospora formanii leaf extracts. The leaves were collected and subjected to solvent extraction. Different solvent extracts (hexane, chloroform, methanol, water) were prepared, and their antioxidant activities were assessed using DPPH, FRAP, nitric oxide, hydroxyl radical, and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays. Methanol extracts exhibited the highest yield and demonstrated strong antioxidant activity in most assays, with notable IC50 values. The findings underline the significance of solvent polarity in extract yield and antioxidant potential. Methanol extracts showed superior scavenging activity, possibly due to their high phenolic content, making them promising sources of natural antioxidants. These results contribute to understanding the potential health benefits of T. formanii and its extracts in mitigating oxidative stress-related disorders.

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Tinospora formanii, leaf extracts, antioxidant potential.

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