Volume 13 | Issue 9

 Abstract

An infestation of stored grains is a very important issue because different stages of the life cycle of insects damage the economy and lower the quality of food grains and food products. The use of chemical pesticides against insect pests of stored food has adverse effects on both health and the environment. These issues forced researchers to create substitute techniques with less negative impacts. Since the plant-based biopesticides are safe for humans and other living things, environmentally friendly, biodegradable, and have a narrow target spectrum. Essential oils and plant-based extracts have been very useful in controlling insects that display a range of insecticidal mechanism. Due to their distinct qualities, they can also serve as viable substitutes to protect grains from pest infestations (repellent, deterrent, and insecticidal). Among the stored grain pests Sitophilus oryzae (Rice weevil), Acanthoscelides obtectus (Bean weevil) and Tribolium castaneum (Red flour beetle) are considered as destructive pests in India. So, this review focused on the insect repulsive and insecticidal power of Ruta chalepensis (Fringed rue), Lantana camara (Lantana) and Ocimum basilicum (Basil) essential oil (EO) the ultimate is to develop a biological and ecological control strategy against pests.

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Essential oil (EO), Sitophilus oryzae, Acanthoscelides obtectus, Tribolium castaneum, Ruta chalepensis, Lantana camara, Ocimum basilicum.

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Human society is essentially anchored in the concept of law and legal responsibility. It serves as the cornerstone controlling our interactions and preserving justice and order. While legal responsibility relates to the obligation to operate inside the boundaries of the law and to be accountable for one's actions, the law creates a framework of rules and guidelines that both people and institutions are required to follow. Law's basic goal is to build a system that supports fairness, equality, and protection of personal liberties. It provides a basis for suitable behaviour and a way to resolve problems and arguments. Without laws, society would collapse and there would be no way to control human behaviour. The legislation is a major instrument for social transformation, not only a set of guidelines and rules. Legal systems have been absolutely important historically in forming societies, preserving peace, and defending rights. Particularly for underprivileged and marginalised groups, the law is absolutely important in modern democratic systems in promoting social justice and empowerment. Fundamentally, social justice advocates the equitable distribution of resources, opportunities, and benefits inside a society; empowerment, on the other hand, emphasises on arming people and groups to exercise their rights and participate completely in social, political, and financial spheres. Law combined with these values forms the basis of an equitable and inclusive society. Many times, the idea of justice is associated with the belief that it entails within the legal framework equal rights, access, and fair treatment. A welfare state cannot be without social justice since it is fundamental. The several clauses of the Indian Constitution really reflect the idea of social justice. Terms like "Socialist," "Social and Economic Justice," and "Equality" in the Preamble of the Constitution suggest that the state will be very important in the welfare of its people and aim to produce an egalitarian society. Furthermore, a particular part of the Directive Principles of State Policy addresses the welfare responsibilities of the government, so delineating the guidelines for excellent government meant to advance the welfare of the people. Through Public Interest Litigations (PILs), historic decisions, and creative legal interpretation, the court has greatly helped social justice to develop. Law has promise, though, in guaranteeing social justice, not without challenges. Many times, ignorance of legal issues, financial constraints, complex processes, and society prejudices limits access to justice, so making empowerment an unmet need for many people. The aim of this research article is to look at how law might help to create social justice and empowerment. It will examine the contributions made by legislation and the court in this field and highlight the difficulties still standing in order to realise these objectives.

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LAW AS A TOOL FOR SOCIAL JUSTICE AND EMPOWERMENT

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This paper presents the Hand Gesture Recognition Using OpenCV And Python (HGRUOP), Hand gesture recognition (HGR) is an emerging field in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) that enables users to communicate with machines through intuitive, touch-free gestures. This project presents a real-time hand gesture recognition system using OpenCV and Python stands [1] the system leverages computer vision techniques such as background subtraction, contour detection, convex hull, and feature extraction to identify and classify gestures made by the human hand. By capturing live video feed through a webcam, the program preprocesses each frame, segments the hand region, and detects finger positions to interpret different gestures. [2] personalized recommendations, and automating routine tasks. These recognized gestures can be mapped to specific commands, enabling applications in virtual mouse control, gaming, robotics, and sign language interpretation. The proposed approach emphasizes accuracy, low computational cost, and ease of implementation, making it suitable for real-time applications. [3](keeping the conversation coherent). Overall, the system provides a step toward creating more natural and efficient ways of human-computer interaction (HCI)without the need for additional hardware. This project demonstrates how OpenCV, combined with Python's simplicity and flexibility, can be effectively used to build vision-based interaction systems. The results highlight the potential of gesture recognition technology in bridging the gap between humans and machines, paving the way for innovative solutions in assistive technology, automation, and immersive user experiences.

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 Keywords

Hand Gesture Recognition, Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), OpenCV, Python, Computer Vision (CV), Image Processing (IP), Real-Time Recognition (RTR), Contour Detection (CD), Convex Hull (CH), Feature Extraction (FE), Sign Language Recognition (SLR), Virtual Mouse Control (VMC), Gesture-Based Interfaces (GBI), Machine Vision (MV), Assistive Technology (AT), Pattern Recognition (PR).

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative illness that significantly impairs cognitive function, highlighting the need for early and accurate detection to enable timely intervention. Although a lot of research has concentrated on neuroimaging and biomarker-based diagnosis, these methods can be costly and less accessible in many clinical settings. Recent advances in machine learning (ML) have created new opportunities for leveraging clinical assessment data such as cognitive test scores, demographic information, and behavioral measures to detect AD in its early stages. This review synthesizes current developments in ML methodologies applied to noninvasive clinical data for Alzheimer's detection. We discuss a range of both supervised and unsupervised learning models, feature selection strategies, and evaluation metrics used in recent studies. The findings demonstrate that machine learning models trained on clinical and cognitive assessment data can achieve high accuracy in distinguishing early Alzheimer's from healthy aging, presenting a scalable and cost-effective alternative to imaging-based approaches. Challenges associated with data heterogeneity, model generalizability, and interpretability are also addressed, along with future directions for integrating ML into routine clinical screening for Alzheimer's disease.

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Machine learning, Alzheimer disease, Cognitive assessment test, mild cognitive impairment, Datasets, Transfer learning, Evaluation metrics

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In Ayurveda, the term Aashaya means spaces or places or occupancy. This place is occupied by essential ingredients needed for body functioning and also by waste materials which need to be excreted throughout the body. Aacharyas have noted seven Aashayas in the male body, and eight in the female. Vatashaya is the site where Vata is located and its natural functions are exhibited. Vata is considered as leader of three Doshas. It is responsible for all movements in the body. Vata gets aggravated at its own site by its various gunas and produces various diseases. In Ayurvedic classics there is no specific description that which organ is Vatashaya. To cure the diseases, it is necessary to understand the sites of Vata in body. In the numbering of Aashayas, their structural presentation and specific study is not sufficient in the Ayurvedic texts. Acharya Sharangdhar tries to clear that Vatashaya is between Agnashaya and Malashaya. According to Acharya Charaka the specific site of Vata is Pakvashaya. Anatomically the large intestine can be considered as the place of Vatashaya.

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Aashaya, Vata, Vatashaya,

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 Abstract

Grameen Evam Shahri kShetra kiBalikayon Ki Samajik Swatantrata Ka Unki Shaikshik Akanksha Evam Shaikshik Uplabdhi Par Parne Wale Prabhav Ka Tulnatmak Adhyayan

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Grameen Evam Shahri kShetra kiBalikayon Ki Samajik Swatantrata Ka Unki Shaikshik Akanksha Evam Shaikshik Uplabdhi Par Parne Wale Prabhav Ka Tulnatmak Adhyayan

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Education 5.0 marks a significant transformation in the idea and methods of learning, with artificial intelligence (AI) increasingly occupying a central role. Discussions on a global scale often overlook the capacity of indigenous traditions to guide the ethical, inclusive, and holistic implementation of AI. This chapter looks at how Sanskrit educational ideas and AI-driven innovation are coming together, making India's cultural heritage the conceptual framework for Education 5.0. Drawing from the Upaniṣads, Bhagavad Gītā, Chanakya Nīti, Hitopadeśa, and Vedic texts, it underscores timeless principles such as self-realization (aham brahmāsmi), unity (tattvamasi), truth (satyameva jayate), and ethical pathways (śivāste panthānaḥ), demonstrating their congruence with AI's potential for personalization, accessibility, and global collaboration. Insights into parenting (lālayet pañca varṣāṇi), guru-centric paradigms (gurur brahmā), and cultural metaphors such as rivers are re-evaluated through the lenses of adaptive learning, collaborative pedagogy, and socioemotional intelligence. The chapter argues for an Education 5.0 ecosystem that combines digital innovation with Sanskrit wisdom to create a system that is technologically advanced, based on values, fair, and profoundly humanistic.

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 Keywords

Education 5.0, Artificial Intelligence, Sanskrit Wisdom, Indian Knowledge Systems, Ethical AI

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Microfinance has emerged as a strategy for poverty alleviation and economic growth.A few nations, such as Bangladesh, have demonstrated that microfinance has succeeded in reducing poverty and meeting the financial requirements of the underprivileged. In developing nations, microfinance has been used to end poverty and promote women's empowerment.The research directions in Micro Finance and women empowerment were identified using a Bibiliometric analysis .In this study 2000 to 2023 Scopus data is used to conduct Bibiliometric analysis. .Despite its ups and downs, microfinance has evolved over the past 23 years from a promise to a reality. This Research Paper examined 290 research papers that have been indexed by Scopus using the key words of Micro finance and women empowerment.. The highest number of papers published in the last 23 years occurred in 2022.This study used Graphs,tables ,VOS viewer and Bibilioshiny to analyze the past research data of Women empowerment through micro finance.

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Summative analysis, Bibiliometric analysis & Bibilioshiny,Micro Finance

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Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBIs), particularly mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs), represent a critical concern in contact sports, industrial applications, and military environments. Early detection and continuous real- time monitoring of head impacts are essential for reducing the risk of long-term neurological damage. This research focuses on designing, developing, and validating a compact wireless sensor system that captures both linear and angular head motion parameters with high precision. The system integrates the H3LIS331DL high-g triaxial accelerometer and the MPU6050 3-axis gyroscope with an ESP32 microcontroller to facilitate data acquisition and wireless transmission. Using the MQTT protocol over Wi-Fi, impact data are transmitted in real time to cloud-based platforms (ThingsBoard) and a local WebSocket dashboard, supporting both online and offline analysis. The system emphasizes low power consumption via event- driven data logging, which activates only when impacts exceed a configurable threshold. Extensive testing under controlled laboratory conditions, including pendulum-based impact validation and comparison with reference devices, demonstrated measurement accuracy within 5% error margins. Real-time visualization ensures intuitive user interaction and prompt medical or coaching interventions. This research provides a robust, energy-efficient, and low- cost solution suitable for wide-scale implementation in sports, industrial safety, and military applications, contributing significantly to injury prevention and impact biomechanics research.

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Wireless Sensor, Head Impact Monitoring, Traumatic Brain Injury, ESP32, IMU, MQTT Protocol, ThingsBoard, Real-Time Data Visualization, Web-socket, BLE, GUI, IOT, Wi-Fi, HTTP

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Solid State Drives (SSDs) have revolutionized data storage by providing faster access speeds, lower power consumption, and greater durability compared to traditional Hard Disk Drives (HDDs). At the heart of SSD performance lies the firmware, which manages complex operations such as Flash Translation Layer (FTL), wear leveling, garbage collection, and error correction to maintain device reliability and longevity. This paper presents an in-depth survey of recent advancements in SSD firmware design, focusing on how firmware algorithms address NAND flash memory challenges like limited write endurance and data retention issues. We explore emerging techniques including adaptive firmware tuning powered by artificial intelligence, Zoned Namespace (ZNS) support for improved storage efficiency, and integration of blockchain technology for secure firmware updates. The paper also reviews state-of-the-art simulation and validation frameworks that accelerate firmware development and testing. Through detailed analysis of these innovations, we demonstrate how firmware improvements enable SSDs to meet the growing demands of applications ranging from enterprise data centers to mobile and IoT devices. This comprehensive overview aims to guide researchers and developers in understanding current trends and future directions in SSD firmware technologies.

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Solid State Drives (SSD), Flash Translation Layer (FTL), NAND Flash Memory, Firmware Architecture, Write Amplification, Wear Leveling, Garbage Collection, Error Correction Code (ECC), Zoned Namespace (ZNS), Firmware Security, AI-assisted Firmware, Blockchain, SSD Simulation, Power-Loss Protection, NVMe.

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Abstract Background: Eczema, or atopic dermatitis (AD), is one of the most prevalent chronic inflammatory skin conditions globally, characterized by itching, redness, and recurrent flare-ups. Current treatments rely on corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors, which though effective, cause side effects with prolonged use. Eczema, a chronic inflammatory skin disorder, often requires long-term management. Urtica dioica, a medicinal plant known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, offers a natural alternative. This research evaluates 2% and 4% Urtica dioica extract ointments for their therapeutic efficacy in eczema treatment. Methanolic extracts were formulated into ointments using the fusion method and evaluated through physicochemical, in vitro, and in vivo parameters. The 4% formulation demonstrated superior anti-inflammatory and antipruritic effects, supporting Urtica dioica as a viable option for eczema management. Methanolic extracts of Urtica dioica were incorporated into ointment formulations and evaluated through physicochemical tests, phytochemical screening, in vitro anti-inflammatory activity, and in vivo therapeutic effect using a DNCB-induced eczema model in Wistar rats. Results showed that the 4% extract formulation had significantly greater anti-inflammatory and healing effects than the 2% formulation. This study supports the inclusion of Urtica dioica in dermatological formulations and warrants further clinical research.

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Urtica dioica, eczema, Phytopharmaceutical, herbal ointment, anti-inflammatory, topical therapy.

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Integration of digital platforms into education has changed teaching and learning tremendously. This study explores the perceptions of teaching professionals towards digital platforms especially in colleges. The study aims to understand their awareness level, usage patterns, benefits, and challenges of using digital platforms in academic activities. The data is collected through survey with a questionnaire collected from assistant professors of different institutions. The study examines the extent to which digital tools are used for instructional delivery, communication, assessment, and improving academic performances. Findings indicate that even though most educators acknowledge the potential of digital platforms to improve teaching effectiveness and student engagement, problems regarding digital literacy, institutional support, and technological reliability, cost etc. exists there. This study highlights the need for training, infrastructure development, and policy formulation to foster more effective and inclusive digital integration in higher education settings.

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Digital platforms, Perception, Learning

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 Abstract

??????? ???? ?? ?????????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??, ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??? "???????" ???? ?? ???? ?? - ?????????, ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???, ????? ???? ?? ?????, ??????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ?? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????????????, ??????? ?? ????????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????, ??????, ????? ?? ?????????? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?????, ????????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ????????? ?? ????????, ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??, ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ????????? ?? ??????????? ?? ???? ????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???

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??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???????????

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Yoga, rooted in the ancient Indian philosophical and spiritual tradition, represents a comprehensive discipline aimed at the integration of body, mind, and consciousness. Originating as a path of self-realization and liberation, yoga has progressively evolved into a multidimensional system that encompasses ethical principles, physical postures, breath regulation, meditation, and lifestyle modifications. Over centuries, its journey has moved from the sacred spaces of Indian philosophy to the global stage, where yoga is now widely practiced as both a wellness strategy and a therapeutic intervention. Contemporary scientific research has expanded its scope by documenting physiological benefits such as improved flexibility, cardiovascular efficiency, and autonomic regulation, as well as psychological outcomes including stress reduction, enhanced emotional well-being, and resilience. Furthermore, yoga-based interventions have shown promise in the management of chronic conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, arthritis, and mental health disorders, thereby positioning yoga within the framework of integrative medicine. By bridging ancient wisdom with modern scientific validation, yoga offers a unique, holistic approach to human health and flourishing. This article examines yoga through historical, philosophical, and empirical perspectives, underscoring its enduring relevance as both a spiritual science and an evidence-based health-promoting practice.

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Yoga, Mind-Body Integration, Integrative Medicine, Health Promotion

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?????? ???????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??, ??????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ?????, ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??, ???? ??????, ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ????, ????? ???????, ?? ?????? ???? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????, ???? ????? ?? ????, ?? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ?? ?????????? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ??, ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ????????? ?? ?

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?????? ????????, ?? ?? ??????, ??????? ????, ????, ?? ???????

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Social media usage has become an integral part of modern life, with billions of individuals engaging daily. However, prolonged use, especially on handheld devices, is associated with poor posture, repetitive strain, and musculoskeletal discomfort. Evidence suggests a strong association between excessive screen time and conditions such as text neck, low back pain, shoulder stiffness, and carpal tunnel syndrome (1,2). Preventive strategies, including ergonomic interventions, digital hygiene, and awareness campaigns, are essential to mitigate these health risks. This article emphasizes the need for further research and multidisciplinary approaches to address the emerging musculoskeletal consequences of digital lifestyles.

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Social media, musculoskeletal disorders, digital ergonomics, screen time, posture-related pain.

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In Vedic Sanskrit, the more commonly used, literal meaning of the Sanskrit word yoga which is "yoke", "to join", "to unite", or "to attach" from the root yuj, already had a much more figurative sense, where the yoking or harnessing of oxen or horses takes on broader meanings such as "employment, use, application performance" (compare the figurative uses of "to harness" as in "to put something to some use"). All further developments of the sense of this word are post-Vedic. More prosaic moods such as "exertion", "Endeavour", "zeal" and "diligence" are also found in Epic Sanskrit. Yoga is a traditional method of meditation developed by the saints of ancient India. They practiced yoga as an effective method of controlling their mind and bodily activities. Yoga in Daily Life is a system of practice consisting of eight levels of development in the areas of physical, mental, social and spiritual health. When the body is physically healthy, the mind is clear, focused and stress is under control. The benefits of yoga are extensive. Daily exercises are a great way to help relieve the stress of your day and can bring a sense of well-being to your life. Yoga can help reduce the effects of stress on your body. Daily exercises of yoga can help ease the aches and pains of the body. You will learn to take deeper, slower breaths with daily exercises of yoga. The benefits of yoga will include lengthening the muscles, tendons, and ligaments in your body to help you become more flexible. Daily exercises are always recommended, but yoga helps reduce the level ofCholesterol in your body. This aids in weight loss and fat burning. The benefits of yoga are very far reaching indeed. There is no one other exercise avenue you can take that will address all of these issues in one simple session. For those of you that think yoga is too easy, I encourage you to try one class. You may find it is just what you are looking for.

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In Vedic Sanskrit, the more commonly used, literal meaning of the Sanskrit word yoga which is "yoke", "to join", "to unite", or "to attach" from the root yuj, already had a much more figurative sense, where the yoking or harnessing of oxen or horses takes on broader meanings such as "employment, use, application, performance" (compare the figurative uses of "to harness" as in "to put something to some use"). All further develo

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This study examines the work-life balance (WLB) challenges faced by IT employees in Chennai, a city that has become one of India's largest technology and outsourcing hubs. The rapid growth of the IT industry has created significant employment opportunities but also introduced unique pressures that impact employees' ability to integrate professional and personal responsibilities. Based on a qualitative case study approach, the research highlights how extended working hours, shift-based schedules, long commutes, and global client demands contribute to stress, fatigue, and strained family relationships. Social and cultural expectations further complicate these pressures, particularly for married employees who are expected to shoulder caregiving and household responsibilities alongside professional commitments. The findings indicate that while IT companies in Chennai provide policies such as flexible work options, hybrid schedules, and employee wellness programs, their inconsistent implementation reduces their effectiveness. Employees often hesitate to make use of such policies due to fears of being perceived as less committed or career-focused. This reluctance contributes to emotional exhaustion, irregular lifestyle habits, and burnout. The study identifies coping mechanisms employed by IT professionals, including time prioritization, physical fitness routines, and weekend recovery, but notes that these strategies remain insufficient in addressing systemic challenges

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IT employees, workload, organizational policies, Chennai IT industry, and employee well-being

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Educational aspiration is the enthusiasm for outstanding achievement and a goal that reflects the academic achievement that one hopes and wishes to achieve. It motivates and encourages students to pursue higher education and set higher career targets. The objectives of the study are to find the level of educational aspiration, and to compare the level of educational aspiration in relation to various demographic variables among secondary school students. The present study will enable educators and policymakers to develop a strategy that helps students build the abilities and confidence necessary to achieve their goals. The study revealed that secondary school students have an average level of educational aspiration. There is no significant difference in the level of educational aspiration in secondary school students based on gender, school type, parental level of education, and mother's occupation. A significant difference between the students with employed and self-employed fathers was observed.

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Educational aspiration, secondary school students.

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This study examines the effects of gamified learning environments on the intrinsic and extrinsic motivation of college students. Using a mini-experimental design, students were divided into two groups: one group used a gamified platform with progress tracking and rewards, while the other group used a regular, non-gamified system. Prior to and following the session, motivation levels were assessed using a standardized questionnaire. The results suggest that gamification can have a moderate impact on intrinsic motivation and a positive impact on extrinsic motivation, depending on how the game elements are created.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Gamification, Intrinsic Motivation, Extrinsic Motivation, College Students, Higher Education, Student Engagement, Educational Technology

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition