Volume 11 | Issue 9

 Abstract

Fossil fuels are a rapidly diminishing energy source that heavily contributes to air pollution. The optimal way to eliminate all the complications caused by fossil fuel vehicles is to use an electric vehicle. The energy source for electric vehicles is a lithium-ion battery. Compared to other battery types now in use, lithium-ion batteries have smaller battery sizes and higher energy densities while maintaining the same storage capacity. A battery will experience thermal runaway and explode if the heat produced during charging and discharging conditions is not precisely controlled. Therefore, careful thermal management of Li-ion batteries is required to increase their lifespan as well as the lives of those who use them. Li-ion batteries' four main cooling and heating methods are air cooling/heating, liquid cooling/heating, phase change material (PCM)-based cooling/heating systems, and hybrid cooling techniques. Every strategy has merits and negative aspects of its own. The current paper critically examines the thermal management of batteries at low and high temperatures, which analyses various approaches to investigating the potential for employing PCM in BTMS. Furthermore, PCM utilization in hybrid thermal management systems is carefully examined. The current paper further expands the evaluations to the potential usage of inorganic composite PCM and Nano-emulsions for Li-ion battery thermal management in the future.

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Electric Vehicles, Batteries, Li-ion battery, Thermal Management, Phase Change Material.

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The paper entitled "Identity through Recalling and Connecting the Memory in Anita Nair's Ladies Coupe" analysis the book in a how protagonist and other characters in the novel identity themselves through memory. Anita Nair, a prolific Indian writer, who lives in Bangalore, is a well-known for her famous works and especially Ladies coupe (2001). The novel structured in parts with some stories interwoven in it. It deals with the life of protagonist Akilandeshwari or Akhila who is an forty-five years old, unmarried and income tax clerk. Her father's death made her to start a earning for the family. She had sacrifices so much for her family members, who in turn have no concern for her. She feels that her own life was left in the hands of her family and society. She realizes that she is living without an identity of her own. She decides to take up a train journey to Kanyakumari all alone and through the life incident of her co-passengers and will power to lead her own life.

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 Keywords

identity, memory

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Profitability ratio is an indicator of net result of the company. The present study analyzes the profitability ratios of selected footwear companies in India. India is the 2nd largest consumer of footwear and this sector providing significant employment. The researcher taken three footwear companies as a sample of present study and examine the five years ratios of selected units. The study concluded that profitability ratio of Metro Brands is more than other two selected footwear companies.

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Profitability Ratio

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Multilingualism is a phenomenon that is becoming increasingly common in education, with more and more students speaking two or more languages in their daily lives. While some people view multilingualism as a challenge to education, others believe it to be an asset that should be embraced. There are many benefits to being multilingual in education. One of the most obvious is the ability to communicate with people from different linguistic backgrounds. Multilingual students can easily communicate with their peers who speak different languages which promotes social integration and enhances their understanding of different cultures While multilingualism can enhance cognitive abilities, promote intercultural understanding, and facilitate global communication, it also faces significant challenges related to lack of support, resources, and trained educators, as well as social and cultural barriers. This objective of this paper is to explore the benefits and challenges of multilingualism in education from a sociolinguistic perspective. The study could investigate how multilingualism affects language learning, cognitive development, and social interaction in diverse educational contexts. It could also examine how societal factors, such as language policies, cultural attitudes towards multilingualism, and linguistic diversity in schools, shape the implementation and outcomes of multilingual education programs.

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: Language learning, Multilingualism, education, societal factors, linguistic diversity

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This paper presents an Intelligent Crop Recommendation System (ICRS) that utilizes machine learning to assist farmers in making informed crop selection decisions. The ICRS life cycle covers data collection, preprocessing, model training and deployment. A diverse dataset containing crop attributes and environmental conditions is meticulously preprocessed to ensure reliability. Various machine learning algorithms are evaluated, with Random Forest emerging as the most accurate choice. The ICRS takes into account crucial factors such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium levels, temperature, humidity, pH, and rainfall. It then generates precise crop recommendations based on normalized user inputs. The results underscore the significance of machine learning in agriculture by enabling more precise decision-making. The ICRS enhances crop selection and resource allocation, contributing to sustainability and conservation efforts. The paper concludes by reflecting on the outcomes, discussing their implications for agriculture, and outlining potential future research directions, including the integration of real-time data, remote sensing, and IoT for dynamic recommendations. The ICRS serves as a testament to technology's pivotal role in shaping the future of agriculture, emphasizing innovation for sustainable growth.

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Keywords: Precision agriculture, Intelligent crop recommendation, Machine learning, Data-driven decision-making, Agriculture technology, Crop selection.

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Microscopic image analysis plays a significant role in initial leukemia screening and its efficient diagnostics. Since the present conventional methodologies partly rely on manual examination, which is time consuming and depends greatly on the experience of domain experts, automated leukemia detection opens up new possibilities to minimize human intervention and provide more accurate clinical information. This paper proposes a novel approach based on conventional digital image processing techniques and machine learning algorithms and deep learning algorithms to automatically identify acute lymphoblastic leukemia from peripheral blood smear images. The proposed model eradicates the probability of errors in the manual process by employing deep learning techniques, namely convolutional neural networks. The model, trained on cells' images, first pre-processes the images and extracts the best features. This is followed by training the model with the optimized Convolutional neural network framework (termed CNN here) and finally predicting the type of cancer present in the cells. The model was able to reproduce all the measurements correctly while it recollected the samples exactly 94 times out of 100. The overall accuracy was recorded to be 97.2%, which is better than the conventional machine learning methods like Support Vector Machine (SVMs), Decision Trees, Random Forests, Naive Bayes, etc. This study indicates that the CNN model's performance is close to that of the established CNN architectures with far fewer parameters and computation time tested on the retrieved dataset. Thus, the model can be used effectively as a tool for determining the type of cancer in the bone marrow. To overcome the greatest challenges in the segmentation phase, we implemented extensive pre-processing and introduced a three phase filtration algorithm to achieve the best segmentation results.

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 Keywords

CNN architectures, leukemia, CNN model's and hematologists

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Health is a major issue that draws everybody's attention, particularly that of women dwelling in slums. Slum, a synonym for unhealthy environment presents a distinct set of health problems. High population density and the poor environmental condition make the slums a major reservoir for a wide spectrum of adverse health conditions; communicable, non-communicable and chronic diseases. Women's health in urban slums calls for immediate attention in Urban slums because the constricted lifestyle and responsibilities makes them neglect their general and reproductive health. In this context on attempt as need to examine the health status of women living Visakhapatnam slum areas. The present work is a cross-sectional study designed to examine the perceived and the actual health status and health practices of women in Visakhapatnam slums. The major findings while assessing comprehensive women's health outcomes include lack of education, financial constraints, conventional religious beliefs, and lack of awareness about government schemes. With the rapid increase in urban population, the government's challenge is provision of safe sanitation facility, proper medical facilities in slums, conduct awareness programmes to educate women how to monitor their health and publicity of government schemes.

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Slum, general health, reproductive, and chronic health, awareness

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In the cutting-edge virtual age, virtual advertising has revolutionized the manner in which agencies interact with clients, making use of online systems and generation to sell their products and services. Customer consciousness of digital advertising strategies is of paramount significance because it no longer only empowers individuals to make knowledgeable choices but also considerably affects marketing strategies and commercial enterprise success. This study was conducted at Assam Agricultural College in Jorhat District with a random sample of 200 respondents surveyed via dependent interviews and mail questionnaires. Findings revealed a powerful choice for virtual marketing among purchasers, with eighty favoring it over traditional advertising strategies, reflecting the evolving patron panorama where virtual channels play a pivotal function in shaping purchasing choices. Drastically, people aged 20 to 40 exhibited the highest focus tiers, underscoring the significance of tailoring advertising and marketing content for this tech-savvy demographic. Moreover, the look at emphasized the need for training campaigns and targeted advertising to beautify customer cognizance of the manifold blessings presented via digital advertising and marketing. A heightened attention to virtual advertising and marketing empowers purchasers with access to precise product data and enables fee-aware decisions. Complements product discoverability and evaluation and gives access to reductions and promotions for companies. Those advantages translate into more powerful marketing campaigns. Step forward purchaser engagement and higher conversion prices. Future research endeavors should delve into gender-based total choices in digital marketing, imparting possibilities for further refinement of advertising and marketing strategies and, in the long run, helping businesses optimize their strategies within the ever-evolving virtual landscape.

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Digital marketing, analysis, awareness, consumer, purchase

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Organic agriculture in Himachal Pradesh has gained momentum driven by a combination of compelling factors. This paper explores the motivating factors behind the increasing adoption of organic farming practices in the region. Farmers in Himachal Pradesh are embracing organic methods due to concerns about health and the environment, seeking alternatives to synthetic chemicals, and recognizing the economic benefits associated with organic produce. Soil health and long-term sustainability are central considerations, as organic farming prioritizes soil fertility and ecosystem restoration. Furthermore, reducing dependence on imported inputs and ethical commitments to biodiversity conservation play pivotal roles in this transition. The paper also suggests measures to strengthen organic farming in Himachal Pradesh, emphasizing awareness campaigns, government support, market development, research for regional adaptation, policy integration, and reducing reliance on inorganic fertilizers. By implementing these measures, Himachal Pradesh can further promote and fortify organic farming practices, contributing to sustainable agriculture, improved livelihoods, and a healthier environment. Organic farming in Himachal Pradesh presents a promising path toward a more ecologically responsible and economically viable agricultural future.

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Organic farming, Himachal Pradesh, Sustainable Agriculture, Motivating Factors, Government Initiatives

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Depression, chronic lower Back pain

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In this Article, we are focusing on PMJDY account holder and Awareness Level in people of Krishna District. The PMJDY is an excellent financial inclusion tool to raise the living standard of the people . During the study, we could find that very less percentage of people are aware of PMJDY. We could also find that most of the population of that district is illiterate and earns living by daily wages, so they weren't the people who reach the bank for services. Therefore, the Government of India should take initiatives in reaching the common people and making them awake about the scheme by conducting and organizing more awareness programs and running the financial literacy campaigns often. To reach this goal, Government should make the banks as their active agent in dispersing the benefits of this scheme and successfully meeting the objective of PMJDY and making the better impact on the lives of the people of underprivileged for socio economic development as well.

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PMJDY, Awareness, Population

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Indian Blackberries (Syzygium Cumini), commonly known as jamun or black plum, are a popular fruit in India, it is small, dark purple to black fruit, valued for its distinct taste and medicinal properties. The determination of fruit maturity is a critical aspect of agricultural practices, impacting fruit quality, harvest timing, and market value. Proposed study explores an innovative approach to non-destructive maturity detection using image processing techniques. High-resolution images of Indian blackberries at various ripeness stages are analyzed for color and texture features. Here, Segmentation plays an important role and it is performed by using Threshold method. Using the Randomizable Filtered classifier it classifies the fruit into distinct maturity levels with accuracy level of 96.61%. Proposed research offers a promising solution to enhance the precision of blackberry harvesting, minimize post-harvest losses, and support informed decision-making for growers, contributing to the sustainable cultivation of Indian blackberries and improved fruit quality for consumers.

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Blackberries, correlation, entropy, homogeneity, energy, maturity, immature, classifier, Randomizable Filtered.

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Color management in manufacturing, textiles, and other industries is revolutionized by the Intelligent Color Monitoring and Matching System (ICMMS). Modern algorithms, computer vision, and data analysis are employed to guarantee precise color consistency. From raw materials to packaging, ICMMS monitors color and instantly spots inconsistencies and flaws. Real-time analytics, adaptability, waste minimization, and configurable reporting are important characteristics. ICMMS raises productivity and product quality, increases industry standards for color management and quality control, and integrates seamlessly with current systems.

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Computer Vision, Color Management,Data analysis , Raises Productivity, Waste minimization.

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The study attempted to explore the perception of parents on their children's wellbeing in the light of Mowder's theory. This study collected insight from the parents of adolescent children. Ten parents of the adolescents participated in this study. The qualitative research design was employed to find out the different perceptions of the parents about their child. This research was done using semi-structured open-ended interview and the data collected was transcribed and analysed by collect data and thematic analysis. The study is a relevant one in the present society because this will promote the parents to understand about the mental, physical and emotional development of the child and helps their child to exhibit optimistic and confident social behaviours and this may lead the children to have a positive wellbeing.The study attempted to explore the perception of parents on their children's wellbeing in the light of Mowder's theory. This study collected insight from the parents of adolescent children. Ten parents of the adolescents participated in this study. The qualitative research design was employed to find out the different perceptions of the parents about their child. This research was done using semi-structured open-ended interview and the data collected was transcribed and analysed by collect data and thematic analysis. The study is a relevant one in the present society because this will promote the parents to understand about the mental, physical and emotional development of the child and helps their child to exhibit optimistic and confident social behaviors and this may lead the children to have a positive wellbeing.

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Parents, Parental Perception, Adolescent Children, Well-being.

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In our paper, we redesign the AI - managed irrigation system for controlled application of water to get maximum yield with automatic regulation of valves. Here, we use soil moisture sensor, acoustic rain sensor as sensing device. It collects the input data like soil moisture value, soil temperature. The input data will be then processed using ARM Cortex. ARM, microprocessor sends the processed data to the AI system. On the other hand, the processed data is stored in cloud database and displayed in webpage. MySQL database is used as a source of database. The processor is connected to cloud using Wi-Fi module. Here, AI system is used for better decision making and initiation of motors and valves. It has preset timers and prehistoric database. It commands the control mechanism of valves and motors after the comparison of real time data with prehistoric database. This will in turns helps in controlling the application of water and prevents the environmental degradation. And, thus the proposed paper of redesigning the AI - managed irrigation system is expected to provide maximum yield with precise amount of water in a well effective way.

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Keywords: Irrigation system, automatic valves, artificial intelligence, cloud database.

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Higher education is an essential component of overall development of a human being. It is also an avenue of self-actualization for most people in the learning process. However, the vast majority of prospective students are denied access to higher education, especially the disabled individuals, due to limited space. National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 envisions ensuring equitable access and inclusion in higher education. Open and Distance education therefore becomes the viable option, as it accommodates millions of students who can study from the comfort of wherever they live or work. This necessitated the establishment of the Open and Distance Learning (ODL) education, which provides highly accessible and enhanced quality education. ODL also increases manpower development and general literacy. The flexible operation of the Open and Distance education gives the learner the greatest possible control over time. The Open and Distance learning movement has opened the horizon of students, thereby re-shaping what they learn and how they access learning. Despite the advantages of the Open and Distance Learning (ODL), individuals with disabilities are still marginalized and socially/educationally excluded. Therefore, Open and Distance education can integrate the disabled maximally, if stakeholders develop educational facilities and curriculum in Open and Distance Learning (ODL) that can enhance teaching and learning for the individuals with disability in India.

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Inclusive education, Open and Distance Learning, Disabilities, NEP 2020, Curriculum for Persons with disability

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E-waste is one of the fastest growing solid waste streams around the world which is not biodegradable and get accumulates in the environment and living things. E-waste contains hazardous substances which can contaminate soil, air and water when it is not properly disposed of, reused, or recycled and hence posing a serious threat to human health and ecosystems.Thus, there is a need for proper management and disposal of electronic waste generated. This present paper highlights the amount of e-waste generation in worldwide, health and environmental impact of e-waste and also provides suggestions to deal with the challenges and problems of e waste.

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E-waste, E-waste generation and E-waste management.

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The battle of Saraighat has great importance in the history of Assam, plus at this particular event history has shown how a small kingdom like that of Ahoms can resist the invasion of mighty and powerful enemies like that of Mughals.

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Mughal Empire, Ahom kingdom, Lachit Barphukan, Rajput, Saraighat, Alaboi.

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Keywords- Pasteurized, Contamination, EMB Agar, Culture, Incubation, Pathogenic

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Well, I also felt terrible for David while watching this movie. If those feelings are kept aside then the obvious query that arises next is, why David, a highly advanced robotic boy longs to become human. More precisely, when a sentient machine could easily overcome the limits of biology, its analytic capacity would become greater than the accumulative intelligence of every species born in the history of the multiverse, then what it is so exceptional about conscious beings that after all advancements the question still remains same that is "Can a machine be conscious?" The quest that human would be replaced by machine is not very contemporary. In early 1950s the question Turing asked was "Can machines think?" This contributed in the development of the concept of Artificial Intelligence (hereafter AI) altogether. The word intelligence can be deceptive sometimes because the technical implementation of the term is little different from our customary understanding. So, what is AI? It is basically a field of computer science that seeks to programme computers to perform tasks which, when performed by humans, require intelligence. Here one can take a deep breath and wander that undeniably it is a great endeavour for science, but why people of philosophy find it so alluring. Well, the idea of thinking machine is captivating in itself because it might help us to understand thought in general. Broadly, there are two approaches and both are problematic in principle.

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 Keywords

Artificial Intelligence, Thought, Cognitive Simulation theory, Mechanical mind, Consciousness

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