Volume 13 | Issue 9

 Abstract

ABSTRACT_ The extensive use of Social Networking in India has been on the rise among the new generation youths. In today's world, life cannot be imagined without Facebook, YouTube, Instagram, What- sApp, LinkedIn or Twitter accounts and online handles. The new age social networking culture has been well accepted and has met an enthusiastic response and acceptance. There are reports of cultural changes and in the way traditional interactions and social communications are conducted in India. Research studies on this new age social media impact and usage within India have been limited to specific surveys and theories. The objectives of this study is an attempt to investigate the extent of social networking impact on the Indian youth. The reason for selecting youth as the target audience is because the direction of a country and culture is decided by the direction taken by youths of that country. This paper is an attempt to analyse the pattern of social networking usage and impact in order to determine the social networking addiction. The extensive use of Social Networking in India has been on the rise among the new generation youths. In today's world, life cannot be imagined without Facebook, YouTube, Instagram, skype, WhatsApp, LinkedIn or Twitter accounts and online handles. The new age social networking culture has been well accepted and has met an enthusiastic response and acceptance. There are reports of cultural changes and in the way traditional interactions and social communications are conducted in India. Research studies on this new age social media impact and usage within India have been limited to specific surveys and theories. As social media sites continue to grow in popularity, it is our premise that Technology is a vital part in today's student success equation. This descriptive, exploratory research study drew a random sample (N=48) of males (n=26) and females (n=22) who were administered a student perception questionnaire on how social media affects students of management college of Bhopal. 35% percent of the participants were undergraduates and 65% were graduate students, studying at management colleges of Bhopal. 31% percent of participants have full-time jobs, 30% have part-time jobs and 39% do not have jobs. The results of the survey questionnaire indicate that 45% of the sample admitted that they spent 6-8 hours per day checking social media sites, while 23% spent more than 8 hours; 20% spent 2-4 hours and only 12% spent less than 2 hours on this task. Results indicate while most college students use social media and spend many hours checking social media sites, there was a negative aspect to college students' use of social media. The objectives of this research paper is an attempt to investigate the extent of social networking impact on the students of management colleges in Bhopal. . The reason for selecting college students is that, present pursuing college students are youth of our country and as we all know the direction of a country and culture is decided by the direction taken by youths of that country. This paper is an attempt to analyze the pattern of social networking usage and impact in order to determine the social networking addiction. Key Words: social media, college students, learning efficiency, networking, culture. The extensive use of Social Networking in India has been on the rise among the new generation youths. In today's world, life cannot be imagined without Facebook, YouTube, Instagram, What- sApp, LinkedIn or Twitter accounts and online handles. The new age social networking culture has been well accepted and has met an enthusiastic response and acceptance. There are reports of cultural changes and in the way traditional interactions and social communications are conducted in India. Research studies on this new age social media impact and usage within India have been limited to specific surveys and theories. The objectives of this study is an attempt to investigate the extent of social networking impact on the Indian youth. The reason for selecting youth as the target audience is because the direction of a country and culture is decided by the direction taken by youths of that country. This paper is an attempt to analyse the pattern of social networking usage and impact in order to determine the social networking addiction. The extensive use of Social Networking in India has been on the rise among the new generation youths. In today's world, life cannot be imagined without Facebook, YouTube, Instagram, What- sApp, LinkedIn or Twitter accounts and online handles. The new age social networking culture has been well accepted and has met an enthusiastic response and acceptance. There are reports of cultural changes and in the way traditional interactions and social communications are conducted in India. Research studies on this new age social media impact and usage within India have been limited to specific surveys and theories. The objectives of this study is an attempt to investigate the extent of social networking impact on the Indian youth. The reason for selecting youth as the target audience is because the direction of a country and culture is decided by the direction taken by youths of that country. This paper is an attempt to analyse the pattern of social networking usage and impact in order to determine the social networking addiction.

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Key Words: social media, college students, learning efficiency, networking, culture. The extensive use of Social Networking in India has been on the rise among the new generation youths. In today's world, life cannot be imagined without Facebook, YouTube, Instagram, What- sApp, LinkedIn or Twitter accounts and online handles. The new age social networking culture has been well accepted and has met an enthusiastic response and acceptance. There are reports of cultural changes and in the way

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Clostridium botulinum serotype B produces botulinum neurotoxin type B (BTX-B), a zinc-dependent endopeptidase with unique structural and receptor-binding characteristics. Although BTX-B is FDA-approved for select clinical indications, its microbial diversity, gene organization, and structural adaptations remain comparatively underexplored. This mini-review consolidates current knowledge on the taxonomy, strain variation, and genetic architecture of BTX-B-producing C. botulinum, including the role of toxin gene clusters and accessory proteins in modulating yield, stability, and host specificity. Structural analysis is linked to the dual receptor-binding mechanism of the toxin and its enzymatic cleavage of vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP), which collectively underpin its biological activity. By integrating these microbiological insights with an overview of current and emerging applications, this review highlights BTX-B as both a model bacterial protein toxin and a promising candidate for biotechnological innovation. Understanding its microbial basis offers new opportunities for safe production, targeted delivery, and the development of next-generation neurotoxin-based tools.

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Clostridium botulinum; botulinum neurotoxin type B; microbial genetics; toxin gene clusters; neurotoxin structure; biotechnology

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Abstract- The family Solanaceae consist of many plants, one of them is solanum viarum dunal. This plant contains chemical constituents like solasodine, alkaloids, flavonoids and fatty acid. The plant has many medicinal properties and used cardiotonic, anti-fungal, ant spermatogenic, antiandrogenic, immunomodulatory, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activity. Herbal tablet prepared by wet granulation method. The drug used in this study were Solanum viarum, talc, lactose, starch, gelatin and magnesium stearate. Then the granules were evaluated for pre-formulation study. Formulated tablet was evaluated for post compression parameter. The tablet was evaluated for weight variation, hardness, thickness, friability, disintegration test. Their dissolution was assessed by using UV visible spectrophotometer at 274 nm wavelength. From the above study, we conclude that the herbal tablet was prepared by wet granulation method and gave the acceptable and adequate results. The tablet shows instantaneous drug release due to compressed tablet.

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Solanum viraum, herbal tablet, analgesic activity, antipyretic activity

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Abstract- The internet is frequently hailed as a remarkable tool, an engaging platform, and a liberating experience. However, the question remains: for whom? As the online world expands, many of us are at risk of falling prey to sophisticated cybercriminals who expertly navigate the digital landscape. Cyberspace, often referred to as the web, is a dynamic and intangible environment. This paper examines the emerging threat of cybercrime, a new breed of business and high-tech criminality. It provides an overview of cybercrimes, the perpetrators, and their motivations. A detailed discussion of various cybercrimes will be presented, along with the unique challenges and response issues that arise during prevention, detection, and investigation. Additionally, this paper will outline the relevant sections of the IT Act 2000 of India and propose new provisions to enhance the legislation. The discussion will cover the complexities of cybercrime and the need for effective measures to combat this growing threat

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cyber crime ,laws ,threat ,internet, offence, remarkable tool

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Access to safe and reliable drinking water remains a critical challenge in rural India despite significant policy interventions. The Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM), launched in 2019, aims to provide functional household tap connections to every rural household by 2024. This study examines household willingness to pay (WTP) for improved drinking water services under JJM in Tamil Nadu, with a focus on socio-economic determinants, water quality perceptions, and service reliability. Primary survey data were collected from rural households and analysed using a logistic regression framework. The results indicate that income, education, and gender of the household head significantly increase WTP, while negative perceptions of water quality reduce it. Households with higher awareness of health risks associated with poor water quality reported stronger WTP, highlighting the role of information in shaping demand. Policy implications suggest that beyond infrastructure provision, ensuring water quality monitoring, transparent communication, and community engagement are essential to build trust and achieve cost recovery in rural water supply. This study fills a gap in the literature by linking household-level perceptions to financial sustainability of JJM in Tamil Nadu, offering insights for scaling rural water programmes in India.

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Jal Jeevan Mission, Willingness to Pay, Rural Water Supply, Tamil Nadu, Household Perceptions

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The Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) sector plays a significant role in shaping consumer lifestyles, with personal care products being one of its most dynamic segments. Consumer brand preference in this category is influenced by multiple factors such as quality, price, availability, packaging, brand image, and promotional strategies. This study aims to examine consumer brand preferences for personal care products in Aruppukottai town. A descriptive research design was adopted, and data were collected through structured questionnaires administered to a sample of consumers across different demographic groups. The findings highlight the key determinants of brand preference, reveal the most preferred brands in the personal care segment, and provide insights into the role of consumer perception and purchasing behavior in brand selection. The study concludes with suggestions for marketers to strengthen brand loyalty and align marketing strategies with consumer expectations in the competitive FMCG market.

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FMCG, Brand Preference, Consumer Behavior, Personal Care Products, Aruppukottai, Brand Loyalty, Purchasing Decisions, Marketing Strategies

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Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), Bioanalytical Method Development, Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM), Electrospray Ionization (ESI), Recovery Rate, Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Ritonavir.

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Sleep hygiene encompasses a variety of behavioural and environmental recommendations intended to promote healthy and restful sleep. Despite its importance, many individuals lack adequate knowledge or engage in poor sleep-related practices, leading to widespread sleep disturbances. Assessing the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) regarding sleep hygiene is essential to identify gaps, raise awareness, and promote behavioural change. This study aims to evaluate the KAP of individuals concerning sleep hygiene and its potential influence on sleep quality and overall wellbeing. Statement of the Problem: A study to assess the knowledge, attitude & practice on sleep hygiene among nursing students in selected colleges of Rohtas. Objectives: To assess the level of knowledge regarding sleep hygiene among nursing students measured by structure-based questionnaire. To assess the attitude of nursing students towards sleep hygiene measures by structure-based questionnaire. To examine the sleep hygiene practices adopted by nursing students measured by structure-based questionnaire. To determine the relationship between knowledge, attitude and practice of sleep hygiene measure by structure-based questionnaire. Methodology: A descriptive study was conducted among the conveniently selected 60 Nursing Students in Narayan Nursing College, Jamuhar, Sasaram. After obtaining the informed consent from the research participant KAPquestionnaire on Sleep hygiene was administered. Result: On assessing the knowledge of the sample on Sleep Hygiene the researcher understood that 5% (3) of the samples had poor knowledge, 56.6% (34) had moderate knowledge, 38.3% (23) had good knowledge.On assessing the Attitude of the sample on Sleep Hygiene the researcher understood that 13.3% (8) of the samples had Positive Attitude, 83.3% (50) had Neutral Attitude, 3.3% (2) had Negative Attitude.On assessing the Practice of the sample on Sleep Hygiene the researcher understood that 38.3% (23) of the samples had Good Sleep, 36.6% (22) had Moderate Sleep, 25% (15) had Poor Sleep. Conclusion: The study revealed that majority of nursing students in Narayan Nursing College, Jamuhar, Rhotas, Bihar, had moderate knowledge, neutral attitude and good sleep on Sleep Hygiene. Despite the importance of these Sleep Hygiene for improving sleep quality, enhancing physical and mental health, and maintaining overall daily performance. Furthermore, the study found no significant relationship between demographic variables and KAP level on nursing students. These findings highlight the x need for enhanced educational programs and awareness initiatives to improve understanding on Sleep hygiene among Nursing students.

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Sleep Hygiene, Nursing Students, Knowledge, Attitude, Practice

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The folk literature of Maithili refers to oral traditions and creative expressions of a community, including tales, myths legends rituals and songs-- like Nursery Rhymes, Riddles, Proverbs and Aphorisms etc. It passed down through generations, reflecting shared cultural beliefs, values and collective wisdom. In this article, it is explained in detail on the key point of Nursery Rhymes, Riddles, Proverbs and Aphorisms respectively, but among it, Aphorisms is discussed in its six parts, in detail-- relating auspicious movements, householder's, seasons, astrological, cultural and Miscellaneous aspects. The article marks the deep customs and culture of ancient and medieval periods of Mithila. Finally, we can say, its impact reflects in the modern - Mithila.

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Nursery Rhymes, Riddles, Proverbs, Aphorisms, Medicine, Jyotish, Agricultural, auspicious movement, Seasons, Astrological, sayings, Miscellaneous.

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In the modern digital era, there is a growing demand for scalable, cost-efficient, and highly available applications. Traditional web hosting solutions require constant server management, resulting in high operational overhead and limited flexibility. Serverless computing has emerged as a solution by abstracting server management and allowing developers to focus only on application logic. This project, "Implementation of an Automated Serverless Web Application using AWS", presents the design and development of a web application using Amazon Web Services (AWS) serverless architecture. The system integrates AWS Lambda for backend execution, API Gateway for request management, Amazon S3 for static content hosting, and DynamoDB for database operations. The proposed architecture ensures automation, scalability, reduced costs, and improved performance compared to traditional server-based approaches. The results indicate that serverless applications offer significant improvements in flexibility, reliability, and resource utilization.

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AWS, Serverless Computing, Cloud Applications, Lambda, API Gateway, DynamoDB, Automation

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Abstract This study aimed to investigate the relationship between academic achievement in science and the home environment among higher secondary students. The study was conducted in the East Singhbhum district of Jharkhand state. A descriptive survey method was employed, and a sample of 500 higher secondary students was selected using a stratified random sampling technique. Academic achievement was obtained through the score on the Science Achievement test by Dr. R.D. Singh. The home environment score was obtained by the Home Environment Scale by Aaliya Akhtar and Shailbala Saxena. It was found that the academic achievement of higher secondary students was significantly correlated with the home environment. It was obtained that there was a significant correlation between the academic achievement and home environment of urban higher secondary students. Similarly, a significant correlation was found between the academic achievement and home environment of rural higher secondary students. A significant correlation was found between the academic achievement and home environment of male higher secondary students. A significant correlation was also found between the academic achievement and home environment of female higher secondary students.

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Keywords: Home environment, Academic achievement in science, Locality, Gender

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This research looks at the role of women working in the hotel industry and how it affects different aspects of their well-being--physical, mental, emotional, social, economic, occupational, and environmental. Using a qualitative approach supported by an in-depth review of existing studies and publications, the paper highlights the main difficulties women face, including long and irregular working hours, high job-related stress, and a lack of adequate support systems. The study emphasizes the need for meaningful changes within the industry to create a healthier and more supportive environment. Suggested measures include flexible work schedules, access to mentorship opportunities, and dedicated health and wellness programs. These steps can not only improve women's job satisfaction and work-life balance but also benefit the industry through lower turnover rates and better service quality. What makes this study unique is its comprehensive view of women's participation in hospitality, offering both practical solutions and fresh insights to support their personal and professional growth.

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wellbeing, women, hotel industry, stress, health.

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This article titled "Modernism in M?ori culture: A perspective in Patricia Grace's The dogside story" intend to bring forth the influence of modernism in the most traditional and authentic Culture of Maori people and also provides an insight of preserving the culture in modernity through the analysis of the most renowned fiction called The Dogside story written by Patricia Grace. The tradition and the modernism of maori culture is profoundly embedded in the award winning novel "The Dogside story" where the most celebrated Maori author Patricia Grace has enlarged the perspective on the rituals of indigenous culture in the time of modernism. Notably this article delineates the modification brought into the M?ori cultural practice by modernism as well as the survival of Maori culture in modernity through the narrative of Patricia Grace.

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Modernism, M?ori culture, preserving the traditions, Patricia Grace, Urbanization, Fragmentation

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Social work is a dynamic, practice based profession rooted in the principles of social justice, human rights, and the empowerment of individuals and communities. Since its formal establishment in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, social work has evolved from charitable activities to a fully recognized profession grounded in theoretical knowledge, research, ethics, and a person in environment approach (Reamer, 2018). Today, it operates in a global context, addressing issues ranging from poverty, discrimination, and mental health to disaster relief, environmental sustainability, and human trafficking. As society grows increasingly complex due to globalization, technological advances, environmental degradation, and shifting socio economic landscapes, professional social work finds itself at a pivotal point. Practitioners face a range of challenges that affect their ability to serve their clients effectively. These include resource constraints, bureaucratic pressures, ethical dilemmas, burnout, and gaps between theory and practice (Dominelli, 2012). At the same time, these very complexities create new opportunities for social workers to redefine their role, expand their scope, adopt innovative methods, and utilize technology for greater impact. This paper explores the central challenges and opportunities within the practice of professional social work in the 21st century. The first section will trace the historical evolution of the social work profession, highlighting its theoretical foundations and its role in responding to societal needs. The second section will examine the key challenges currently faced by social workers across micro, mezzo, and macro levels of practice. The third section will illuminate the opportunities that arise from globalization, digitalization, interdisciplinary collaboration, and evolving social policies. The final sections will present strategies for addressing the identified challenges, leveraging opportunities, and aligning professional practice with its core mission to foster social justice, empowerment, and systemic change. Through this exploration, the paper aims to provide insights that can aid practitioners, policymakers, educators, and researchers in reinforcing the resilience and effectiveness of the social work profession in addressing the pressing needs of contemporary society.

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Social Work, Professional social work, challenges, opportunities

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This paper outlines and discusses the professional skills and necessary technological skills needed for library professionals to manage the library. Libraries remain vital community hubs offering safe inclusive spaces for learning connection and exploration across generations and Librarianship is a noble profession. Service of mankind is its motto. A Librarian is called the guide, the philosopher and the friend of the uninitiated and the scholar alike. As a duty of librarian, he should follow the second law of library science. It means librarian should try to provide necessary materials to the users. Library performance depends upon how effectively do librarians perform their roles and responsibilities at different levels of management and how do they share their responsibilities among different classes of library staff in meeting their mission.

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Library Management, Management Skill, Library Professional skills, Librarian

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Non-obstetric surgical emergencies during pregnancy present unique challenges for anesthesiologists and surgeons, as maternal safety must be balanced with fetal well-being. Ovarian torsion is a rare but potentially serious complication in pregnancy, often requiring urgent surgical intervention. We report the case of a 24-year-old primigravida at 13 weeks and 5 days of gestation who presented with acute abdominal pain and was diagnosed with torsion of a large ovarian cyst. The patient underwent emergency laparotomy and right salpingo-oophorectomy under spinal anesthesia. Anesthetic management was tailored to minimize fetal exposure to systemic drugs and maintain maternal hemodynamic stability. The intraoperative and postoperative course was uneventful, and fetal viability was confirmed postoperatively. This case underscores the importance of timely diagnosis, multidisciplinary coordination, and cautious anesthetic planning in ensuring favorable maternal and fetal outcomes in such high-risk situations.

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Ovarian torsion, pregnancy, salpingo-oophorectomy, spinal anesthesia, non-obstetric surgery

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This study, titled "A Correlational Study to Assess Pica Practices with Hemoglobin Levels among Antenatal Mothers at Selected Hospital in Rohtas, Bihar", investigates the relationship between pica behavior and maternal anemia during pregnancy. Pica, defined as the persistent craving and consumption of non-nutritive substances, is recognized as a harmful practice that can affect maternal and fetal health. The correlational research design was applied to assess pica prevalence and its association with hemoglobin levels among antenatal mothers. A structured questionnaire and checklist were administered to a selected sample of participants. Data analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between pica practices and hemoglobin levels, indicating that mothers engaging in pica were more likely to have low hemoglobin levels. The findings emphasize the need for targeted antenatal education and early nutritional interventions to prevent maternal anemia and improve pregnancy outcomes

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Pica practices, Hemoglobin levels, Antenatal mothers, Pregnancy, Nutritional deficiency, Anemia, Correlational study, Maternal health, Rural healthcare, Rohtas Bihar.

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Urban land dispossession in India represents a critical manifestation of accumulation by dispossession under neoliberal capitalism, wherein the state systematically facilitates the transfer of land from marginalized communities to private capital. This paper examines the theoretical foundations and empirical manifestations of urban land dispossession in contemporary India through the lens of David Harvey's concept of accumulation by dispossession, building upon insights from postcolonial urban theory and critical development studies. Drawing from extensive secondary research and analysis of peer-reviewed literature, this study argues that India's neoliberal urban transformation has fundamentally restructured land relations, creating new forms of primitive accumulation that dispossess the urban poor while enabling capital circulation in the built environment. The analysis demonstrates how the Indian state operates as a "land broker state" (Levien, 2013) that deploys coercive power to overcome barriers to capital accumulation represented by existing land tenure arrangements, particularly affecting slum dwellers, small farmers on urban peripheries, and tribal communities. Through examining key policy frameworks including the Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act 2013, Special Economic Zones, and urban renewal programs, this paper reveals how legal and extra-legal mechanisms of dispossession operate within India's informalized planning regime (Roy, 2009). The findings contribute to broader debates on neoliberal urbanism in the Global South by highlighting the centrality of land dispossession to contemporary urban transformation and its implications for social justice and spatial inequality.

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Keywords: land dispossession; accumulation by dispossession; neoliberal urbanism; India; primitive accumulation; urban transformation

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Telepathic communication, once relegated to the realm of science fiction, has emerged as a topic of growing importance in today's society. As individuals with telepathic abilities, known as "telepaths," become more prevalent, it is imperative to evaluate the potential benefits and risks associated with this unique form of communication in order to establish a legal framework that safeguards both telepaths and the broader population. This abstract outlines the key considerations in assessing the implications of telepathic communication and the development of legal regulations governing telepaths. First, it explores the potential benefits, including enhanced interpersonal communication, potential advancements in healthcare and emergency response, and opportunities for fostering empathy and understanding among individuals. Telepathic communication holds the promise of revolutionizing how people connect and collaborate. However, this study also highlights the inherent risks and challenges posed by telepathy. Issues such as privacy invasion, manipulation of thoughts and emotions, and the potential for abuse or coercion are paramount concerns. Establishing laws that address these vulnerabilities while upholding telepathic individuals' rights is of paramount importance. To effectively frame laws for telepaths, policymakers must strike a delicate balance between protecting society from potential harm and preserving telepaths' civil liberties. Legal considerations encompassing informed consent for telepathic communication, secure encryption techniques, telepathic communication in the workplace, and the role of telepathy in criminal investigations will be discussed. In conclusion, this assessment emphasizes the need for thorough research, dialogue, and ethical deliberation when crafting legislation that pertains to telepathic communication. By embracing the potential benefits of telepathy while proactively addressing its risks, societies can harness this emerging form of communication for the betterment of humanity, ensuring that the rights and well-being of all individuals, telepathic and non-telepathic alike, are safeguarded in an increasingly interconnected world.

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Telepathic Communication, Framing Laws, Telepaths, Pros and Cons of Telepathy, Crimes in Telepathy

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Justice social, economic and political is enshrined in the Preamble of the Constitution of India. Whereas the Social justice is genus and political and economic justice are species and interwoven with each other. Out of the three pillars of Justice this paper is an attempt to analyze the notions of political and economic justice, as because without political and economic justice the major social justice will not achieved. Justice is the symbol of ultimate truth, purity and perfection. As a concept of justice has a long history in political philosophy. The Constitution, as it emerged through the labors of the Constituent Assembly, promised an all out war against untouchability. It abolished, as a matter of fundamental right, untouchability and bonded labour. It shall be an offence to enforce any disability on the ground of untouchability. It is to be noted that such a provision could be seen only in the Constitution of India. This underlines the mood of commitment to total abolition of untouchability. Discrimination of any kind on the basis of caste, religion or birth was made unconstitutional. Special solicitude for the 'weaker sections' was the distinctive theme of the Directive Principles. The Constitution of India and its preamble, formed with commitment to provide justice, equality, and liberty based on intertwined principles depicted in it. The principle of social, economic and political justice thus lies with principles to ensure or guarantee equality, rights and liberty to all the citizens. Analyzing the political and economic justice in the context of the Indian constitution, lots of hitches has been found which acts as a barrier for providing the same for welfare of the nation. Dr. Ambedkar was not unaware of the fact that economic injustice was a major factor in social injustice. He emphasized the role of the state in safeguarding the interest of the weaker sections of society. He thought that it was necessary to entrust the state with the power to plan the economic life of the people so that there will be an equitable distribution of wealth. This duty should not be left to the will of the legislature, but should be prescribed by the law of the Constitution. Gandhiji was very much concerned with the economic well-being of the weaker sections of society. The Congress, prior to his emergence as a national leader, was dominated by the middle class. It was Gandhiji who brought the masses under the fold of the Congress. He devoted his life to bridge the gap between the rich and the poor and to discipline the masses. Keywords: The Constitution of India, Economic justice, Supreme Court, Directive Principles.

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Keywords: The Constitution of India, Economic justice, Supreme Court, Directive Principles.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition