Volume 13 | Issue 9

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ABSTRACT: "If a country is to be corruption free and become a nation of beautiful minds, I strongly feel there are three key societal members who can make a difference They are the father, The mother and the teacher"------ A.P.J.Abdul Kalam. (https://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/a_p_j_abdul_kalam_178502 ) Student diversity is an issue worth addressing in education practices across countries. The concept of inclusion is based on the principle of providing equitable access to education and supporting tolerance to all. It embraces student diversity. Inclusive education and related practices are currently crucial for all policy makers, school boards, administrators, teachers, parents and students. The term inclusion refers to a wide range of human diversity with respects to ability, language, age, gender and other forms of human differences. In an inclusive classroom teachers should be aware of the diversity of students and work with students to create a collaborative learning environment. But there are some concerns that the policy of inclusion is difficult to be implemented because teachers are not sufficiently well-trained and prepared to maintain student diversity in inclusive ways. Inclusion involves the ways in which teachers respond to individual differences during teaching, the choices they make regarding delivery of specialist knowledge in the classroom. It is therefore important to understand the factors associated with teachers' ability and willingness to accommodate with students diversity in the classroom as to facilitate inclusion. The present article concerns the factors associated with successful implementation of inclusive practices. More specifically, this article considers teachers' competencies concerning the accommodation with students diversity.

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Diversity, Inclusive Education, Teachers' Development.

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Background: Class III malocclusion represents one of the most complex orthodontic challenges, often requiring difficult decisions regarding treatment planning. In adult patients where growth modification is no longer feasible, two main options exist: orthodontic camouflage and orthodontic-orthognathic surgery. The dilemma is particularly critical in borderline cases, where discrepancies are moderate and both treatment modalities may seem viable. Aim: To review and compare the skeletal, dentoalveolar, and soft tissue outcomes of orthodontic camouflage and orthognathic surgery in borderline Class III malocclusion, and to provide a framework for clinical decision-making.Methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar with keywords: Class III malocclusion, orthodontic camouflage, orthognathic surgery, borderline malocclusion, dentoalveolar compensation. Inclusion criteria were clinical trials, cohort studies, and systematic reviews published between 2000-2024 that directly compared camouflage and surgical treatment outcomes.Results: Camouflage treatment achieved acceptable occlusal correction through dentoalveolar compensation but produced only minor skeletal changes. Orthognathic surgery, by contrast, provided significant skeletal correction, improved soft tissue esthetics, and higher patient satisfaction. Three major outcome domains--skeletal, dentoalveolar, and soft tissue--show consistent differences favoring surgery, though camouflage remains appropriate for selected cases with mild skeletal discrepancies.Conclusion: Both approaches remain valid in managing borderline Class III cases. Camouflage is less invasive, cost-effective, and suitable for patients unwilling to undergo surgery, while orthognathic surgery provides superior skeletal and esthetic outcomes. Individualized, patient-centered decision-making remains the cornerstone of effective treatment planning

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Class III malocclusion; orthodontic camouflage; orthognathic surgery; dentoalveolar compensation; facial esthetics

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Social workers play a pivotal role in sustaining humanitarian values, yet their profession often subjects them to high levels of stress and burnout, particularly due to multitasking demands. This study explores the interrelationship between multitasking, burnout, and psychological capital among social workers in South India. Employing an exploratory and empirical research design, primary data were gathered from 300 respondents using Google Forms, supplemented by secondary data from scholarly sources. The findings reveal that multitasking significantly contributes to burnout, which in turn adversely affects psychological capital. These results emphasize the need for organizational interventions aimed at mitigating burnout and promoting employee well-being. Suggested strategies include fostering fun-oriented workplaces, scheduling regular breaks, and offering non-monetary incentives such as outdoor activities. Overall, the study highlights the importance of addressing burnout to enhance psychological capital, improve work engagement, and build resilient social work practices toward 2035.

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Burnout; Psychological Capital; Social Workers; Multitasking; Work Engagement; Employee Well-being; Organizational Strategies; South India; Exploratory Study.

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One nation - One election : sociobiological analysis

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One nation - One election : sociobiological analysis

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India's infrastructure sector is undergoing a significant transformation, guided by government initiatives aimed at achieving a $5 trillion economy and enhancing its global economic standing. The government is fostering a coordinated, technology-driven strategy through key projects such as the National Infrastructure Pipeline and PM Gati Shakti National Master Plan, revitalizing private sector investment. While the country is experiencing notable advancements in its transport and urban networks, alongside improvements in logistics performance, challenges persist. Recurring infrastructure failures, quality control issues, and a continuing funding gap, particularly in urban development and climate finance, remain critical concerns.

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NIP, NMP, Smart cities Mission .

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LGBTQ stands for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Queer, they are also referred to as homosexuals. For the past many years the members of this community have faced a lot of harassment and have been deprived of their basic human rights, it was thus in Navtej Singh Johar case that for the first time steps were taken for the upliftment of this community. This research paper makes a detailed analysis of the Supreme Court judgment in Navtej Singh Johar and Ors vs Union of India and Ors and compares it with the Supreme Court Judgement in Suresh Kumar Koushal vs NAZ Foundation and Ors as regards to constitutional validity of Section 377 of Indian Penal Code 1860. This paper also makes a comparative analysis of the rights of LGBTQ community prevalent in different countries.

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LGBTQ, Section 377, Article 14, Article 15, Article 19, Article 21, NALSA

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The exponential growth in digital technologies has generated a hybrid system that lays the groundwork for complex physical and virtual identities. From the moment of their birth-and increasingly even before-babies start leaving their digital footprints from one processor to another, from one platform to another, and from one service provider to another. Such footprints can be anyone ranging from social media profiles to cloud-based archives, biometric identifiers, geolocation histories, algorithmically generated likenesses, and AI recreations to the human personality: digital self. The death of the physical body is not considered death for the digital self; a digital personality continues to exist in the form of stored data traces, memorialized profiles, communications, data traces, and even synthetic reproductions. This raises many complex legal, ethical, and philosophical questions about the persistence of identity beyond biological death. Who has authority over the digital assets of the deceased? May their image or likeness be commercialized without their consent? Can the "right to be forgotten" transcend the death of the right-holder? And what limits, if any, should be attached to the resurrection of a person's voice, face, or personality through artificial intelligence? Significant development in the recognition of personality rights and data protection regulations has occurred for the postulation of dignity, autonomy, and privacy of the living. The posthumous legal treatment of these rights is much more fragmented, nascent, and, in numerous scenarios, non-existent. Jurisdictions vary widely as regards whether such rights survive death, for how long, and whether they can be enforced by heirs or executors. The lack of an apt wholesome framework leaves those digital legacies vulnerable to misuse, ranging from deepfake porn and identity theft to unauthorized commercialization of the late celebrity's image. This paper presents some of the major conceptual and jurisprudential ideas to recognize and protect posthumous personality rights in the digital domain, ranging from several by-law philosophies, such as the Natural Rights Theory, considering those rights conferred on a human being as correlated with dignity, and therefore, could not die with him or her; Roscoe Pound's Theory of Interests, wherein the law takes into consideration the balance among individual, social, and public interests; and the Theory of Justice of John Rawls, according to which the framework of justice should be generated under conditions that are fair and impartial so as to sustain equality.

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Posthumous rights, digital personality, data protection, digital legacy, Digital Personal Data Protection Act 2023.

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This study investigates the financial challenges faced by 180 single professional women aged 40 to 60 years in Udaipur City. It explores various aspects such as income inadequacy, economic security, and dependency on family, workplace discrimination, property rights, and qualifications. Using primary data and statistical analysis, this article highlights age-wise variations and provides insights to inform policy and societal reforms aimed at economic empowerment.

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FINANCIAL ISSUES FACED BY SINGLE PROFESSIONAL WOMEN IN URBAN INDIA

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The Indian diaspora constitutes one of the largest and most diverse diasporic communities in the world, with a history spanning centuries of colonial migration, postcolonial displacement, and contemporary globalization. The literature emerging from this community reflects complex negotiations of identity, belonging, and cultural hybridity. This paper examines Indian diaspora literature through a close engagement with key theoretical and literary texts. Drawing on foundational works such as Salman Rushdie's Imaginary Homelands and Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak's insights on women in the transnational world, alongside fiction by Jhumpa Lahiri and critical frameworks developed by scholars like Jasbir Jain and N. Jayaram, the paper explores themes of nostalgia, alienation, linguistic negotiation, and the politics of memory. It argues that diaspora literature not only mirrors the struggles of displacement but also creates a new imaginative space where hybrid identities thrive. By engaging both sociological perspectives on migration and literary analysis of diasporic texts, the paper highlights how Indian diaspora literature acts as both an archive of memory and a site of resistance.

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Indian diaspora; hybridity; nostalgia; cultural displacement; transnational identity; diaspora literature; belonging; migration; postcolonial studies.

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Keywords: Structured Teaching Programme, High-Risk Pregnancy, Postnatal Complications, Maternal Knowledge, Antenatal Education

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R.K Narayan was a celebrated Indian writer with a considerable talent. He along with, Mulk Raj Anand, Raja Rao has been precursors in Indian English Writing. He has set his works in the fictitious town Malgudi. He has been a master in mixing facts with myths, mythologies and fables. He has been acclaimed for his simple and modest writing style. Through his writing, he lets the readers peep into Indian culture, religion and mythology,and code of conduct. His subject matter is always based on the myths, the legends, the incidents from the Veda, the Puranas and the Upanishads etc. Narayan doesnot preach philosophy in an abstruse way. He has written about the world he knows and he has lived in. He drew from his own experience and that is what makes his novels so convincing. His novels are depiction of felt experience of life. He is a pour artist uninvolved, uncommitted, and uncontroversial. His only commitment is to art rather than any ideology and dogma.His fiction is fact.His contribution to Indian English Literature is pourly indigenous. R. K. Narayan has given a profound message in Man Eater of Malgudi by blending the myths, the mythologies and the puranas. In it, there has been a conflict between virtue and vice. Man eater means troubling the men not eating them. I have tried to explore a conflict between good and evil and their mythological relevance in this paper.We find that the size of the evil and vice may be enormous but it is a diminutive figre befre goodness and uprightness. At last goodness comes out victorious.

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Diminutive,Repository,Fountainhead,Condescending,Highhandedness,Regimented,Verisilimitude,Clamitious

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The growing demand for personalized education has accelerated the adoption of digital tutoring platforms. Traditional online learning often lacks adaptability, real-time personalization, and immersive engagement. This research presents the design and implementation of an Augmented Reality (AR) based Home Tutor Website integrated with Machine Learning (ML) models and a MongoDB NoSQL database. The system uses React.js for the frontend, Node.js for backend APIs, and Python-based ML models to recommend suitable tutors, predict student performance, and enhance learning experiences. The proposed architecture ensures scalability, security, and intelligent recommendation through collaborative filtering and natural language processing (NLP). Experimental evaluations demonstrate improvements in recommendation accuracy, system responsiveness, and student engagement compared to traditional e-learning solutions. This paper contributes a novel, modernized, and practical solution that integrates AR with intelligent tutoring, paving the way for next-generation educational technologies.

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Augmented Reality (AR) Home Tutoring Platform Machine Learning (ML) MongoDB (NoSQL Database) React.js Node.js / Express.js Python (FastAPI, scikit-learn, TensorFlow, HuggingFace Transformers) Tutor Recommendation System Student Performance Prediction Natural Language Processing (NLP) Collaborative Filtering Random Forest Regression XGBoost DistilBERT / BERT AR.js / Three.js Docker Vercel / Heroku / AWS EC2 Educational Technology Adaptive Learning Immersive Learning Personaliz

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Keywords: Structured Teaching Programme, Menstrual Hygiene, Adolescent Girls, Knowledge Improvement

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Sequential art, a narrative form combining text and images to communicate an idea, has been a compelling storytelling medium that crosses cultural and temporal boundaries. From primitive iconography to current digital graphic narratives, this form has continuously evolved, reflecting social, artistic, and technological shifts. Once seen as mere leisure activity, now bloomed into a legitimised literary text. This study probes into the evolution of sequential art form from its ancient beginnings to graphic novel, analysing how cultural, technological and educational factors have shaped its progression and contributed to its contemporary status making it a legitimate and artistic medium.

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Sequential art, storytelling graphic novels, comics, politics, visual narratives, digital narratives.

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This paper presents the AI-Enhanced Sign Language Conversion System (AISLCS), an advanced assistive technology platform that leverages Computer Vision (CV), Natural Language Processing (NLP), and adaptive deep learning models to interpret and translate sign language gestures into real-time textual captions with remarkable contextual accuracy. In the modern era, where virtual meetings have become integral to education, healthcare, and professional collaboration, AISLCS distinguishes itself by enabling dynamic, human-like interpretation of highly visual and gesture-based communication. [1] The system is engineered to capture, process, and generate meaningful translations from sign gestures, facilitating automated accessibility for inclusive digital interaction and equitable participation in online environments. AISLCS employs sophisticated AI techniques, including gesture detection (for identifying hand shapes and motion trajectories), temporal modeling (to preserve continuity in dynamic signing), sentiment-aware processing (capturing emotional context), and contextual NLP refinement, which ensures grammatically coherent output throughout a session. [2] By combining machine learning models. Blending state-of-the-art deep learning with rule-based interpretation patterns, AISLCS adapts to diverse user profiles, regional sign variations, and evolving vocabularies, delivering a personalized and scalable communication experience. Its applicability spans education (enabling equal classroom participation), corporate collaboration (inclusive professional meetings), telemedicine (supporting patient-doctor consultations), and consumer-facing accessibility tools This work demonstrates how integrating adaptive AI with modern computer vision expands our potential to bridge the communication gap for the Deaf and hard-of-hearing community, making digital collaboration more accessible, engaging, and equitable than ever before. The project shows how modern AI-driven gesture recognition and NLP-based contextual processing can transform user interaction in virtual platforms through advanced automated sign-to-text dialogue systems.

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AI-Enhanced Sign Language Conversion System (AISLCS), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Computer Vision (CV), Natural Language Processing (NLP), Sign Language Recognition, Gesture Detection, Deep Learning, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Temporal Modeling, MediaPipe, OpenCV, Hand Keypoint Extraction, Motion Trajectory Analysis, Emotion Detection, Contextual Understanding, Real-Time Translation, Multilingual Support (ISL/ASL), Natural Language Generation (NLG), Nat

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The repair and strengthening of existing reinforced concrete (RC) structures continue to gain significance as global environments deteriorate and infrastructure ages while the demands of service increase. Traditional strengthening techniques such as steel jacketing and the incorporation of synthetic fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) systems are useful and broadly accepted methods of strengthening concrete yet can gaps or weaknesses of their own by adding unnecessary weight, contrived corrosion issues, or high environmental costs. There is an increasing effort in research towards using natural fibers--such as jute, basalt, and sisal--as sustainable alternatives to synthetic fibers in FRP applications. Natural fiber-reinforced polymers (NFRPs) provide advantages including biodegradability, renewability, cost, and desirable mechanical properties. Presented here is a thorough literature review, of recent work identifying advances in natural and hybrid fiber composites that were utilized in strengthening concrete elements. The reviewed works had various techniques employed such as full wrapping (encapsulation) and strip wrapping of columns, beams, and piles, as well as the use of textile-reinforced mortars (TRMs) that combined both natural and synthetic fibers. The reviewed works consistently showed improvements in the compressive, flexural, and shear capacities of the concrete elements, improvements in ductility and energy absorption were also seen in all works covered. Additional proof that the durability of the systems held up in heavy environmental conditions such as the acidic, alkaline, marine, and potable water conditions were also validated. The hybrid options (untarred configurations) of most of the studies that were used as natural fiber combinations stood out in their performance.

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Natural FiberReinforced Polymer Concrete Strengthening Jute and Basalt Fibers Textile-Reinforced Mortar Structural Retrofitting

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Abstract- Workplace loneliness is a rising psychological stressor in modern organizations. Using the Conservation of Resources theory and data from 350 Indian service sector employees, this study examines whether emotional exhaustion mediates the relationship between loneliness and job performance

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Workplace loneliness, emotional exhaustion, job performance, conservation of resources theory, human resource management burnout, and organizational psychology

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Abstract This article explores Erin Doom's The Tearsmith through the lens of contemporary trauma theory, focusing specifically on how emotional suppression and psychological trauma shape the identity and behaviour of its protagonist. Drawing upon the theoretical frameworks of Cathy Caruth, Judith Herman, Bessel van der Kolk, and Laurie Vickroy, and emerging pluralistic trauma models. The study examines the hidden pain that shapes the characters' lives and demonstrates how their words, silences, and relationships reveal the lasting effects of trauma. The book is studied as both a story about trauma and a healing text that encourages readers, especially young adults, to feel empathy, think deeply and find possible healing through fiction. This analysis uses ideas from attachment theory, body-focused trauma studies, and current research on emotional suppression to show how Doom's work adds to the growing literature on intergenerational trauma and its impact on adolescent growth, by exploring the novel's sophisticated portrayal of complex trauma response, therapeutic relationships, and the gradual process of healing. This study reveals how contemporary young adult literature can serve as both a mirror and medicine for readers navigating their own psychological wounds.

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Keywords: The Tearsmith, Psychological Trauma, Emotional Suppression, Empathy

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This study examined the effectiveness of counseling and Barkley's Parent Training Program in reducing parental stress among parents of children with ADHD. Thirty-three parents were divided into three groups: counseling only (n=11), parent training only (n=11), and combined counseling with parent training (n=11). Paired t-tests showed significant reductions in parental stress across all groups, with the combined intervention yielding the greatest effect. ANOVA confirmed significant group differences, F(2,30)=6.97, p=.003. These findings suggest integrating counseling with behavioral parent training as an effective intervention for reducing parental stress.

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ADHD, parental stress, counseling, Barkley Parent Training Program, intervention

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The discourse on criminal justice reforms has increasingly converged on the pressing issue of mass incarceration, which has emerged as one of the most critical challenges for modern legal systems. Mass incarceration, characterized by disproportionately high rates of imprisonment, often reflects deeper systemic flaws such as punitive sentencing policies, inadequate access to legal representation, socio-economic inequalities, and racial or caste-based biases. This phenomenon not only strains prison infrastructure and state resources but also perpetuates cycles of poverty, marginalization, and recidivism, undermining the rehabilitative goals of justice. Criminal justice reforms aim to address these structural imbalances by advocating for alternatives to incarceration, restorative justice mechanisms, decriminalization of minor offenses, and fair sentencing practices. Emphasis is also placed on rehabilitation, reintegration of offenders into society, and safeguarding the human rights of prisoners. By critically analyzing comparative approaches from different jurisdictions and situating them in the Indian context, this study explores pathways to reduce reliance on incarceration while ensuring accountability and public safety. The paper argues that sustainable reforms must strike a balance between deterrence, rehabilitation, and social justice, ultimately reorienting the criminal justice system towards equity, efficiency, and humanity.

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CRIMINAL JUSTICE REFORMS AND MASS INCARCERATION

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