Volume 13 | Issue 9

 Abstract

A world where carbon capture, usage and storage effectively ends climate change, a package of technologies being assembled to capture CO2 emissions before they become air pollution (and waste), convert it to something useful, or safely store it underground. This isn't some far-fetched dream. Whether it is the cleaning of fuels before burning them, the cleaning of emissions after they exit the smokestack, or burning the fuel with pure oxygen so the CO2 is much easier to collect, we are getting smarter about CO2 capture because new materials and technologies are being explored. Then once we've captured that CO2, there are many applications, from aiding in the extraction of heavier oil, new compounds, and even mineralizing it into rocks.For the CO2 we do not use right away, deep geological storage can provide a secure long-term home. In sectors where a high carbon intensity is important, such as cement, steel and energy sectors, CCUS is already having a demonstrable effect. In conjunction with emergent, cutting-edge AI and machine learning capabilities, CCUS is already innovating and further streamlining these processes, while still keeping the supply chain safe and efficient. In order for CCUS to take a prominent role and be the backbone of our climate strategy, it will need synergistic policies, smart economic incentives, and stable regulatory landscapes. There will be socio-economic, socio-political and socio-infrastructural challenges to overcome; however, considering the nature of the environment, the combined systemic development of CCUS and renewable energy is an enormous opportunity to fulfill targets toward net-zero emissions and to ensure a sustainable future.

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Carbon Capture, Usage, Storage (CCUS), CO2 emissions, Climate change, Net-zero emissions, Renewable energy, Deep geological storage, AI and machine learning, Sustainable future

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The course of contemporary pharmaceutical innovation has been influenced by blockbuster drugs, which are generally understood as medications with yearly sales of more than $1 billion. In 2024 alone, the top 25 drugs generated over USD 143 billion, accounting for nearly 13% of global pharmaceutical revenues. In addition to offering revolutionary treatments for autoimmune, metabolic, and cancer conditions, they also act as financial backbones for ongoing research and development (R&D). However, their success raises concerns about healthcare equity, affordability, and the disregard for less lucrative therapeutic areas. The pharmaceutical industry is moving toward more specialized but no less profitable products like biologics, orphan drugs, and advanced targeted therapies as patents expire and personalized medicine changes treatment paradigms. Looking ahead, this review also highlights emerging candidates like AWIQLI and CagriSema, which are expected to reshape the 2025 market and beyond. To emphasize the need for a more balanced framework, this paper examines the evolution of the blockbuster model, its advantages and limitations, and its implications for future therapeutic and commercial landscapes.

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Blockbuster drugs, Pharmaceutical market, Biologics, Patent cliff, Drug innovation, Therapeutic impact.

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Today, Artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the most important technologies shaping the future of society. AI is widely used in the agriculture sector to improve productivity, efficiency and sustainability. The growth of AI in agriculture sector is expected to continue at a rapid pace by introducing smart, data driven solutions such as Machine Learning, Computer Vision, Robotics and Predictive analytics to long standing challenges in food production and security in the face of population growth and climate change, high costs, digital literacy gaps, the need for a skilled workforce, sustainability and resource management. AI powered systems are enhancing real time monitoring and decision-making capabilities. Further, AI contributes to supply chain efficiency, precision farming, soil monitoring, smart irrigation and risk management. The AI innovations of IBM Watson decision platform for agriculture, Cropin, CropX, Onesoil, Arable, Prospera, FarmBot, John Deere see & spray, Blue River Technology, DJI agras drone, Carbon Robotics Laser Weeder, Monarch Tractor, plantix, Taranis, PEATs, AgriBazaar AI tools, Farm sense, Intello labs, clarifruit, eVersi.AI, Cainthus etc., help farmers to optimise inputs, reduce costs and increase productivity by minimising environmental impact. All in all, AI is highly promising to implement in modern agriculture, making it more sustainable, productive and resilient for the future.

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Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Computer Vision, Agriculture Sector

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India's energy landscape is experiencing a substantial shift towards renewable energy sources, driven by the objectives of achieving sustainable development, enhancing energy security, and mitigating environmental impacts. As of 2023, renewable energy accounts for over 40% of India's total energy capacity, with solar, hydropower, wind, and biofuel being the primary contributors. The Indian government is actively promoting renewable energy projects, with a target of 450 GW of renewable energy capacity by 2030. Solar power is a pivotal element of India's energy strategy owing to its cost-effectiveness and sustainability. Nevertheless, the transition faces challenges, such as the need for substantial investments, technological advancements, and infrastructure development. India's renewable energy policy framework is comprehensive, attracting foreign investment and fostering rapid sectoral growth. The significance of green energy in India lies in its ability to ensure energy security, economic stability, and environmental sustainability. The government supports the renewable energy sector through policies, financial incentives, and international agreements. Investments in green energy enhance India's economic prospects by creating jobs and fostering tech innovation. This study aims to provide an overview of the current status of green energy in India, including renewable energy capacity, key projects, and challenges in the solar, wind, hydropower, and bioenergy sectors. It also explores future prospects, policies, initiatives, and barriers to the growth of renewable energy in India, and concludes with recommendations for improving the regulatory framework, attracting investments, and overcoming the identified challenges.

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Renewable energy, Sustainable development, Energy security, Solar power, Energy transition, Green energy

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ABSTRACT: Organizational sustainability has changed from being a side issue to a top strategic objective, necessitating proactive attention to social, economic, and environmental factors. When strategically aligned, human resource (HR) strategies are essential to integrating sustainability into company operations and workplace culture. With a focus on the triple bottom line of profit, planet, and people, this study investigates how Strategic Human Resource Practices (SHRPs) might improve workplace sustainability. This study offers a paradigm that connects green HRM practices--like sustainable hiring, training, performance management, and employee engagement--to sustainability results by drawing on the Resource-Based View (RBV) and Stakeholder Theory. Data will be gathered from HR experts and workers in the manufacturing and service sectors using an empirical, quantitative methodology. SEM, or structural equation modeling, will be used to examine the connections between workplace sustainability and SHRPs. Results should support the strong positive impact of SHRPs on sustainability outcomes, with organizational culture acting as a moderator. By providing insights into how HRM strategies might support resilient, competitive, and sustainable businesses in the context of Industry 4.0, this study advances both theory and practice.

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Keywords: Strategic Human Resource Practices; Workplace Sustainability; Green HRM; Triple Bottom Line; Organizational Culture; Industry 4.0

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Teachers are some of the most influential people in our society. By having fiscal knowledge and managing particular finances duly, they can become a part of the model for their scholars and help them to develop as fiscally and socially responsible citizens. Unfortunately, numerous teachers do not know how to manage their finances. There's a belief that teachers of specialized education do not have sufficient fiscal knowledge in situations. In this connection, an attempt is made to find out the situations of knowledge about fiscal knowledge, in particular fiscal planning, among the school education teachers. This study is conducted as a sample study in a historically reputed quarter, i.e., Karur city of Tamil Nadu State, with the help of a structured schedule. The study set up that teachers are moderately financially literate and fully included in terms of access but unevenly included in terms of usage of advanced products. Financial literacy emerges as the strongest determinant of financial inclusion, with higher literacy levels enabling teachers to move beyond basic banking into savings, insurance, and investments. The results suggest that improving financial literacy among school teachers could significantly strengthen their financial planning practices, contributing to both personal and professional well-being.

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Financial Literacy, Financial Planning, Teachers of Higher secondary Education

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This study presents a comprehensive investigation into geopolymer concrete (GPC), an innovative and sustainable alternative to conventional Portland cement concrete. Driven by the need to reduce carbon emissions and utilize industrial by-products, geopolymer concrete offers a promising solution by employing aluminosilicate-rich materials such as fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), and metakaolin, activated with alkaline solutions. This research critically reviews the material composition, chemical reactions, mechanical properties, durability, and environmental benefits of geopolymer concrete in comparison to traditional concrete. Experimental results and literature findings highlight GPC's superior resistance to chemical attack, high early strength, and excellent thermal stability. Additionally, its significantly lower carbon footprint underscores its potential role in sustainable construction practices. The study also explores challenges related to mix design standardization, curing methods, and large-scale implementation. Overall, this work provides a solid foundation for understanding the current advancements, limitations, and future prospects of geopolymer concrete, aiming to guide researchers, engineers, and policymakers in adopting greener construction technologies. The performance of the geopolymer slab is compared with that of traditional ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete, highlighting its potential for reduced environmental impact and improved long-term performance. The findings emphasize the viability of geopolymer concrete as a sustainable alternative for structural elements such as slabs and offer guidance for further development and application in the construction industry.

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Geopolymer concrete, Fly ash, GGBS, Alkaline activators, Concrete slab, Mix design, Heat curing, Mechanical properties, Durability, Microstructural analysis, Sustainable construction

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Every countries plan of future actions majorly depends on the revenue of the government. Whether the future action is related to making any domestic policies, foreign policies, union budget, providing grants, or aids or for any public expenditure, for all these activities government needs to fill its pocket first by collecting revenue from various sources. Year by year, government's public expenditure is increasing and so the need of public revenue also. There are many sources from which government can collect revenue but the major contributing factor for government revenue share in India is collection from taxes. Taxes can be collected by way of imposing it directly or indirectly, however the major focus always comes in case of direct tax collection as it directly depends on the income of a person. Direct taxes are collected in different types form the person. This study focuses on year on year growth in number of taxpayers and year on year growth in Direct Tax collection in India.

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DIRECT TAX, TAXPAYERS, INCOME TAX RETURN, GOVERNMENT REVENUE

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This research paper examines India's diplomatic response to the politically charged "India Out" campaign in the Maldives, which emerged as a significant challenge to bilateral relations between 2020 and 2024. Through an analysis of diplomatic strategies, economic interventions, and soft power initiatives, this study evaluates whether India's approach constituted strategic silence or proactive diplomatic outreach. The paper concludes that India employed a sophisticated combination of restraint, economic leverage, and soft diplomacy that ultimately transformed a diplomatic crisis into renewed strategic partnership, culminating in the landmark July 2025 state visit by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. The analysis reveals that India's multifaceted approach, combining initial restraint with sustained engagement, economic leverage with soft power projection, and strategic patience with decisive action, represents a new paradigm in neighborhood diplomacy that effectively countered geopolitical challenges while strengthening bilateral cooperation.

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India Out campaign, Diplomatic response, Strategic silence, Bilateral, Neighborhood diplomacy, Geopolitical challenges, Narendra Modi state visit

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21vi sadi mein bhartiya vidashniti mein afghanistan ka bhu-rannitik aur bhu-arthik mahatv

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21vi sadi mein bhartiya vidashniti mein afghanistan ka bhu-rannitik aur bhu-arthik mahatv

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Rapid urbanization has been one of the most defining processes shaping Indian cities in recent decades, with significant consequences for social structures, cultural landscapes, and patterns of settlement. Jodhpur, the second-largest city of Rajasthan, has witnessed unprecedented growth in its urban population, rising from 560,310 in 1991 to 1.6 million in 2011, reflecting a growth rate of over 35 percent per decade. This demographic expansion has led to the proliferation of squatter settlements and slums, which now accommodate nearly 23 percent of the city's total population. The present study investigates the dynamics of slums in Jodhpur with a focus on urbanization and cultural change. The research is based on both primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected through household surveys of 300 families across five major squatter settlements--Chopasani Road, Mandore, Soorsagar, Paota, and Sardarpura--while secondary data was derived from Census of India reports, Jodhpur Development Authority records, and municipal statistics. Variables such as demographic profile, housing conditions, occupational structure, access to basic amenities, and cultural practices were analyzed using descriptive statistics and spatial mapping techniques. Findings reveal that most slum dwellers are migrants from rural districts of western Rajasthan, drawn by employment opportunities in construction, handicrafts, and informal services. Housing structures are predominantly kutcha and semi-pucca, with 62 percent of households lacking proper sanitation and 48 percent depending on shared water sources. Despite poverty and inadequate infrastructure, slums have become spaces of vibrant cultural negotiation. Traditional rural customs, such as caste-based associations, folk music, and communal festivals, persist but are increasingly reshaped by urban influences, including exposure to modern education, consumerism, and digital media. Notably, women's participation in income-generating activities has risen to 27 percent, reflecting gradual cultural transformation. The study concludes that slums in Jodhpur are not merely marginal spaces of deprivation but also sites of cultural adaptation and resilience. Urban informality, though often perceived negatively, facilitates the integration of migrants into the city's socio-economic fabric while simultaneously generating hybrid cultural identities. Policy implications suggest that urban planning must go beyond eviction and rehabilitation approaches to recognize slum communities as integral contributors to Jodhpur's evolving urban culture and economy.

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Objectives of the Study, Previous studies on slums and squatter settlements in India, Theories on urbanization and cultural transformation, Gaps in research related to Jodhpur city, Location Patterns of Squatter Settlements, Cultural Landscape and Change, Socio-Economic Profile of Slum Dwellers, Urbanization and Challenges, Government Policies and Urban Development Programs, Impact on Cultural Identity.

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Abstract: Digital Twin Technology (DTT) represents a ground breaking innovation that bridges the gap between physical and digital realms, creating accurate virtual replicas of physical entities. Leveraging real-time data from IoT sensors, artificial intelligence (AI), and advanced analytics, DTT offers unprecedented capabilities in sports and physical education (PE). Its applications range from optimizing athlete performance, personalizing training regimens, and preventing injuries to revolutionizing educational practices through immersive virtual experiences. This paper examines the transformative potential of DTT in sports and PE, exploring its applications, benefits, and challenges. Additionally, it addresses issues such as cost, data security, and implementation complexity while proposing future directions for development. The findings underscore the significant impact of DTT in fostering a data-driven, efficient, and innovative approach to sports and education.

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Keywords: Digital Twin Technology, Sports, Physical Education, Performance Optimization, Injury Prevention, Virtual Training

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Abstract: Dr. B. R. Ambedkar's idea of social justice wasn't just getting rid of caste; it also included rebuilding womanhood in a society that was highly patriarchal and based on caste. Ambedkar saw that caste and gender injustice were linked, and that women were put down twice as much as men. His criticism of Brahmanical sexism, especially as it was written down in old books like the Manusmiriti, showed how controlling women's sexuality and freedom was a key part of keeping the caste system in place. Ambedkar paved the way for gender equality by fighting for women's right to education and equal rights in marriage, property, and job. He not only went against religious norms, but he also put women at the center of India's democratic and constitutional ideas today. Modern feminist research shows that Ambedkar's ideas still motivate people to fight for gender equality, especially Dalit women who are still pushed to the edges of society because of their caste and sexism. This essay makes the case that Ambedkar's reimagining of womanhood is a key model for rethinking gender equality in modern India. It connects the historical fight against caste with the current feminist movement for women's freedom and honour.

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Keywords: Ambedkar, womanhood, caste, gender equality, patriarchy, Manusmiriti, Dalit feminism, social justice, modern India, women's autonomy

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Introduction: Ascites, the pathological accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity, often results from conditions like liver cirrhosis, malignancy, or heart failure. Modern medicine employs paracentesis as both a diagnostic and therapeutic intervention. Ayurveda, rooted in the concept of Jalodara, views ascites as a manifestation of Udakavaha Srotas Dushti, characterized by systemic imbalance. Methods: This review synthesizes procedural insights from modern paracentesis techniques and correlates them with Ayurvedic understandings from classical texts such as Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita and Ashtanga Hridaya. The surgical intervention Vyadhana Karma and internal therapies like Basti, Lepa and Virechana are examined for integrative potential. Results: While paracentesis ensures prompt fluid removal and diagnostic clarity, Ayurvedic modalities aim to address root imbalances and prevent recurrence by correcting metabolic dysfunction. Discussion: An integrative approach leveraging both systems could offer enhanced therapeutic outcomes, combining immediate relief with systemic balance. Interdisciplinary collaboration and clinical trials are essential for the evolution of such a model.

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Ascites, Paracentesis, Ayurveda, Jalodara, Dakodara, Vyadhana Karma.

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Pain is one of the most prevalent health concerns, often managed using synthetic analgesics such as NSAIDs and opioids, which are associated with severe adverse effects including gastrointestinal irritation, renal toxicity, and dependence. This has led to increasing interest in plant-based alternatives with improved safety profiles. Ziziphus mauritiana (Rhamnaceae), widely used in traditional medicine, is rich in flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, and tannins, and has demonstrated analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. However, the therapeutic application of its phytoconstituents is limited by poor solubility, low permeability, and inadequate bioavailability when delivered through conventional formulations. To overcome these challenges, the present study aimed to formulate and evaluate a niosomal gel of Z. mauritiana leaf extract for topical analgesic delivery. Niosomes were prepared by the thin-film hydration method, optimized for vesicle size, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency, and subsequently incorporated into a Carbopol-based gel. The formulation was characterized for pH, viscosity, spreadability, in vitro release, and in vivo analgesic activity using the tail immersion model in Wistar rats. Results revealed sustained drug release, enhanced permeation, and significant analgesic efficacy comparable to diclofenac gel. The findings suggest that Z. mauritiana-loaded niosomal gel is a promising natural and effective alternative for localized pain management with improved patient compliance.

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Ziziphus mauritiana, niosomal gel, sustained release, analgesic activity.

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Wound care is continuously evolving with the advance and modified medicament for the treatment of acute and chronic wounds. The perfect wound healing material was not found due to various challenges. To find the perfect wound care authorities was revisited for the recovery of wounds. In ancient time when medical science was not much developed, peoples was believing on the nature. For the treatment of wound peoples was dependant on many herbal plants. In this study ointment had been formulated based on wound healing property with the help of herbal plants extracts like Neem (Azardirachta indica) and Turmeric (Curcuma longa). The respected formulation has good washability, good spreadability and consistency. From this research we found that, it is possible to modify ointment with natural herbal plants extract which ha wound healing properties and which protects the skin.

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healing activity, ointment, wound healing properties.

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This research study titled "A Study on Employee Morale and Its Impact on Organizational Performance with Special Reference to Malappuram District" investigates how employee morale influences overall organizational effectiveness. The primary objective of the study is to identify the key factors affecting employee morale and to analyze its relationship with productivity, job satisfaction, teamwork, and organizational growth. A mixed-method research approach was adopted, combining both primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected through structured questionnaires and interviews from 50 employees across selected organizations in the Malappuram district, while secondary data was sourced from research articles, journals, and theoretical frameworks. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics and interpretation techniques to understand employee perceptions and organizational dynamics. The findings reveal that high employee morale significantly contributes to improved organizational performance, higher job satisfaction, better teamwork, and enhanced employee retention. Conversely, low morale leads to increased absenteeism, reduced productivity, and higher attrition rates. The study highlights the importance of leadership style, recognition, effective communication, work environment, and career development opportunities in boosting employee morale. The study concludes that organizations must consider employee morale as a strategic driver of success. Implementing employee-centric policies, fostering a positive workplace culture, and ensuring consistent recognition can enhance overall performance and create a sustainable competitive advantage.

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Employee Morale, Organizational Performance, Job Satisfaction, Motivation, Teamwork, Human Resource Management, Malappuram District

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ABSTRACT: "If a country is to be corruption free and become a nation of beautiful minds, I strongly feel there are three key societal members who can make a difference They are the father, The mother and the teacher"------ A.P.J.Abdul Kalam. (https://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/a_p_j_abdul_kalam_178502 ) Student diversity is an issue worth addressing in education practices across countries. The concept of inclusion is based on the principle of providing equitable access to education and supporting tolerance to all. It embraces student diversity. Inclusive education and related practices are currently crucial for all policy makers, school boards, administrators, teachers, parents and students. The term inclusion refers to a wide range of human diversity with respects to ability, language, age, gender and other forms of human differences. In an inclusive classroom teachers should be aware of the diversity of students and work with students to create a collaborative learning environment. But there are some concerns that the policy of inclusion is difficult to be implemented because teachers are not sufficiently well-trained and prepared to maintain student diversity in inclusive ways. Inclusion involves the ways in which teachers respond to individual differences during teaching, the choices they make regarding delivery of specialist knowledge in the classroom. It is therefore important to understand the factors associated with teachers' ability and willingness to accommodate with students diversity in the classroom as to facilitate inclusion. The present article concerns the factors associated with successful implementation of inclusive practices. More specifically, this article considers teachers' competencies concerning the accommodation with students diversity.

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Diversity, Inclusive Education, Teachers' Development.

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Background: Class III malocclusion represents one of the most complex orthodontic challenges, often requiring difficult decisions regarding treatment planning. In adult patients where growth modification is no longer feasible, two main options exist: orthodontic camouflage and orthodontic-orthognathic surgery. The dilemma is particularly critical in borderline cases, where discrepancies are moderate and both treatment modalities may seem viable. Aim: To review and compare the skeletal, dentoalveolar, and soft tissue outcomes of orthodontic camouflage and orthognathic surgery in borderline Class III malocclusion, and to provide a framework for clinical decision-making.Methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar with keywords: Class III malocclusion, orthodontic camouflage, orthognathic surgery, borderline malocclusion, dentoalveolar compensation. Inclusion criteria were clinical trials, cohort studies, and systematic reviews published between 2000-2024 that directly compared camouflage and surgical treatment outcomes.Results: Camouflage treatment achieved acceptable occlusal correction through dentoalveolar compensation but produced only minor skeletal changes. Orthognathic surgery, by contrast, provided significant skeletal correction, improved soft tissue esthetics, and higher patient satisfaction. Three major outcome domains--skeletal, dentoalveolar, and soft tissue--show consistent differences favoring surgery, though camouflage remains appropriate for selected cases with mild skeletal discrepancies.Conclusion: Both approaches remain valid in managing borderline Class III cases. Camouflage is less invasive, cost-effective, and suitable for patients unwilling to undergo surgery, while orthognathic surgery provides superior skeletal and esthetic outcomes. Individualized, patient-centered decision-making remains the cornerstone of effective treatment planning

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Class III malocclusion; orthodontic camouflage; orthognathic surgery; dentoalveolar compensation; facial esthetics

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Social workers play a pivotal role in sustaining humanitarian values, yet their profession often subjects them to high levels of stress and burnout, particularly due to multitasking demands. This study explores the interrelationship between multitasking, burnout, and psychological capital among social workers in South India. Employing an exploratory and empirical research design, primary data were gathered from 300 respondents using Google Forms, supplemented by secondary data from scholarly sources. The findings reveal that multitasking significantly contributes to burnout, which in turn adversely affects psychological capital. These results emphasize the need for organizational interventions aimed at mitigating burnout and promoting employee well-being. Suggested strategies include fostering fun-oriented workplaces, scheduling regular breaks, and offering non-monetary incentives such as outdoor activities. Overall, the study highlights the importance of addressing burnout to enhance psychological capital, improve work engagement, and build resilient social work practices toward 2035.

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Burnout; Psychological Capital; Social Workers; Multitasking; Work Engagement; Employee Well-being; Organizational Strategies; South India; Exploratory Study.

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