Volume 13 | Issue 9

 Abstract

Academic hostel facilities consume significant amounts of electricity, contributing to rising operational costs and environmental impacts. This study presents an energy audit conducted at the hostel blocks of Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada (JNTUK), with the objective of reducing consumption through demand-side management and retrofitting. The baseline survey revealed that lighting and ceiling fans accounted for the majority of the hostel load, resulting in an annual electricity bill of approximately INR35.2 lakhs. Retrofitting conventional appliances with 20 W LED lights and 28 W BLDC fans led to an annual energy saving of 207,216 kWh, representing a 35.25% reduction in electricity demand. The intervention achieved cost savings of INR14.5 lakhs per year, with a simple payback period of 1.85 years. In addition, the audit-driven measures reduced carbon dioxide emissions by nearly 169,917 kg annually. The results demonstrate that a systematic energy audit combined with targeted retrofitting can yield substantial financial and environmental benefits, highlighting the importance of conservation measures in academic institutions.

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Energy Audit, Hostel Facilities, Energy Conservation, LED Lighting, BLDC Fans, Cost Savings, Sustainability

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Cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of death globally, with rising prevalence due to factors such as urbanization, aging populations, and lifestyle habits. It is influenced by both modifiable risk factors (unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, tobacco use) and non-modifiable factors (age, genetics, family history). Despite advancements in medical management, poor adherence to treatment and lack of awareness about lifestyle changes continue to impact patient outcomes. Lifestyle modification, including nutritional adjustments, regular exercise, stress reduction, and smoking cessation, is essential for CVD prevention and management. This study assesses the knowledge and attitude of cardiac patients regarding lifestyle modifications in selected hospitals of Jaipur and explores their association with demographic variables. The findings highlight the need for targeted educational programs to improve awareness and encourage behavioural changes. The aim of the study is to develop an information booklet to educate cardiac patients on adopting sustainable lifestyle modifications for better cardiovascular health.

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Knowledge, Attitude Cardiovascular, Diseases

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Background: Stroke is a leading cause of death and long-term disability worldwide, with a rising burden in low- and middle-income countries like India. As medical advancements improve survival rates, the focus has increasingly shifted toward long-term rehabilitation and support. In this continuum of care, family caregivers play a pivotal yet often under-recognized role. The emotional, physical, and financial burden placed on caregivers can significantly influence not only their own well-being but also the functional recovery and quality of life of stroke survivors. Despite this, caregiver burden, awareness, and coping mechanisms remain under-researched, particularly in the Indian context. Objective: This review aimed to explore existing literature on caregiver burden, awareness of stroke-related care, and coping strategies among caregivers of stroke survivors. It also examined how these caregiver factors are associated with the functional independence and rehabilitation outcomes of stroke patients. Methodology: A comprehensive narrative review was conducted by systematically searching electronic databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Scopus. A total of 112 records were identified, out of which 83 unique studies remained after duplicate removal. After title, abstract, and full-text screening, 10 studies meeting the inclusion criteria were selected and reviewed. These studies included cross-sectional surveys, prospective observational studies, and literature reviews assessing caregiver burden, awareness, coping strategies, and stroke patient outcomes. The selection process followed PRISMA guidelines to ensure transparency and rigor. Conclusion: This review highlights that caregivers of stroke survivors often experience moderate to severe burden, driven by emotional strain, time demands, and inadequate support systems. Awareness levels among caregivers were mostly average, indicating a need for structured educational programs to improve stroke-related knowledge and caregiving competencies. Coping strategies were found to be primarily emotion-focused, which may offer temporary relief but are insufficient in addressing long-term caregiver stress. Promoting functional independence in stroke survivors through rehabilitation can significantly reduce caregiver burden. Future efforts should prioritize caregiver-centered interventions, including education, psychosocial support, and policy-level recognition of caregivers as integral stakeholders in stroke care.

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Stroke rehabilitation, caregiver burden, awareness, coping strategies, functional independence

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The investment behaviour of working women has gained considerable attention in recent years due to the growing participation of women in the workforce and their increasing financial independence. This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the investment behaviour of women working in colleges , exploring their attitudes, preferences, and decision-making processes when it comes to various investment options.The research methodology involves a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches. A survey questionnaire has been administered to a diverse sample of working women from different industries, age groups, and income levels.. The study will also explore the impact of financial literacy programs and educational initiatives on the investment behaviour of working women. The study examines the awareness level and current investment pattern towards various investment avenues like bank deposit, insurance, postal savings, bonds, debentures, shares, chit fund, real estate, mutual funds and gold.

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Women Educators, Investment behavior, Avenues, Awareness level

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The impact of co-work spaces has been analyzed to be an extremely important stepping stone in the growth of the start-up industry all over the world. Not only do they positively impact revenue aspects of all firms, but they also provide intangible support. This paper would delve deep into the reasons for the increase in co-working spaces and their impact on the "start-up industry" as well as a revenue model for the co-work spaces themselves. Would these spaces result in a "win-win" situation for both the space itself as well as the organizations that use them? How far has this system resulted in the growth of unicorns in India as well as being a new area of profitability in the commercial reality space?

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Co-working spaces, Start-Up Industry, Unicorn, Revenue Model, Profitability, Entrepreneurship, Community Building

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This paper offers a critical analysis of transnationalism in Jhumpa Lahiri's works, Unaccustomed Earth and Whereabouts, emphasizing how her characters manage fluid and evolving identities within cultural, linguistic, and geopolitical frameworks. By engaging with theoretical perspectives on diaspora, postcolonial subjectivity, and transnational identity, the study delves into Lahiri's depiction of the transitional spaces inhabited by migrants and their descendants--areas characterized by displacement, hybridity, and continuous negotiation. In Unaccustomed Earth, Lahiri delves into the emotional and psychological strains within diasporic families, particularly highlighting the generational gap between immigrant parents and their children, through themes of rootlessness, cultural disconnection, and familial discord. Conversely, Whereabouts--initially penned in Italian and later self-translated into English--presents a minimalist, introspective narrative set in an unnamed European city, focusing on themes of solitude, alienation, and self-reflection. Through this sparse and contemplative prose, Lahiri challenges traditional ideas of national, linguistic, and cultural belonging, offering a nuanced perspective on hybridity and voluntary exile. The paper ultimately argues that Lahiri's transnational literary approach questions fixed or essentialist identities, portraying subjectivity as dynamic, influenced by translingual movement, global interconnectedness, and evolving cultural affiliations.

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Transnationalism, Diaspora, Cultural identity, Jhumpa Lahiri, Displacement, Border negotiation

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Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) remains a major public health concern, particularly when poorly controlled, as it leads to serious complications such as cardiovascular disease, neuropathy, and retinopathy. Poor medication adherence, ineffective treatment regimens, and lack of patient education further worsen clinical outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate oral anti-diabetic drug utilization patterns, therapeutic trends, medication adherence levels, drug interactions, and the educate patients on diabetes management. A prospective observational study was conducted in the General Medicine and Diabetology departments of Sri Ramakrishna Multispecialty Hospital, Coimbatore. A total of 105 T2DM patients meeting specific inclusion criteria were enrolled. The study population had a male predominance (61%), with most participants aged between 61-70 years. Macrovascular complications were more prevalent (62%) than microvascular ones, with diabetic neuropathy being the most common microvascular issue (23%). Prescription analysis revealed a high prevalence of polypharmacy, with 61% of patients prescribed 9 to 13 medications. Biguanides, notably Metformin, were the most commonly used oral hypoglycemic agents, either alone or in combination with Sitagliptin. Insulin therapy, primarily human insulin, was prescribed to 51% of patients. Drug interactions were noted in 76% of prescriptions, with 67% of these being moderate in severity. Medication adherence was found to be suboptimal, with 50% of patients exhibiting medium adherence levels. However, patient counselling yielded a significant improvement in diabetes-related knowledge, with the proportion of patients demonstrating fair knowledge increasing from 51% to 82%. This study underscores the challenges posed by polypharmacy, drug interactions, and poor adherence in T2DM management. It also highlights the crucial role of pharmaceutical care and patient education in improving therapeutic outcomes. Strengthening counselling services and optimizing drug regimens are essential for better diabetes control and reduced complication risks.

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Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM); Glycemic Control; Medication Adherence; Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS); Drug Interactions; Pharmacist Interventions; Oral Hypoglycemic agents; Medication-Related Problems ; Hyperglycemia; Diabetic Complications; Patient Counselling

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The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), adopted by the United Nations in 2015, outline a universal blueprint for achieving inclusive development, environmental sustainability, and global prosperity by 2030. Now at the midpoint, this paper critically examines progress achieved between 2015 and 2025, highlighting both achievements and persistent gaps. Drawing on UN SDG Progress Reports, the Sustainable Development Report 2025, and peer-reviewed literature, findings reveal mixed outcomes: significant advances in poverty reduction, education access, health indicators, and clean energy adoption, but slow or regressive progress in areas such as hunger eradication, biodiversity conservation, climate action, gender equality, and strong institutions. While approximately one-third of SDG targets show measurable progress, the majority remain off track, hindered by financing gaps, inequality, data deficiencies, and compounded global shocks including the COVID-19 pandemic, economic crises, and climate-related disasters. The paper argues that accelerated financing, integrated policy frameworks, inclusive governance, and multi-stakeholder partnerships are essential to realign global action with Agenda 2030. Without urgent course correction, the SDGs risk remaining an aspirational agenda rather than a transformative roadmap for sustainable development.

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Sustainable Development Goals, Agenda 2030, SDG implementation, global progress, policy directions

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract: - In the current digital era, storytelling has transitioned from static, print-bound narratives to dynamic, multimodal expressions facilitated by digital media. This paper has investigated the emergence and impact of digital storytelling in both English and Indian language literatures, focusing on how technological capabilities are transforming narrative structures, redefining the concept of authorship, and reshaping reader engagement. In English-speaking environments, digital storytelling takes the form of blogs, spoken word performances, podcasts, micro fiction shared on social media, and interactive literary platforms. Meanwhile, in Indian languages such as Hindi, Bengali, Tamil, and Malayalam, digital platforms are revitalizing traditional oral storytelling, boosting literary production, and enabling the articulation of regional cultural identities through mobile-native sites like Pratilipi, Your Quote, and Matrubharti. This research has examined the convergence of digital narratives with orality, collective memory, and identity politics, with a particular emphasis on how these narratives elevate marginalized voices and disrupt established linguistic and literary hierarchies. It has also explored the formal and aesthetic innovations made possible by digital media, including hyper textuality, non-linear sequencing, multimedia layering, and participatory interaction. The paper has paid special attention to the representational strategies of vernacular storytelling, where local histories, folklore, and socio-political contexts are reimagined in the digital space. Through a critical analysis of case studies that span different languages and genres, the argument is made that digital storytelling in India signifies not just a technological shift but a profound cultural transformation. It calls for an interdisciplinary approach to understanding how literary traditions are being redefined in the emerging digital public sphere.

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Digital storytelling, Indian language literatures, English literature, Oral tradition & identity, Multimodal narratives

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The performance of photovoltaic (PV) plants is significantly influenced by shading effects and the choice of simulation methodology. This study presents a comparative analysis of a 1 MW grid-connected PV system modelled using 2D unlimited sheds orientation and 3D fixed tilt orientation with near shading losses. In the 2D case, both Monofacial and Bifacial modules were evaluated under linear shading conditions with and without electrical effects. The 3D simulations incorporated near shading effects at multiple fidelity levels including linear shading, module string-level analysis, and detailed cell-level electrical mismatch analysis. Results indicate that 2D unlimited sheds provide baseline estimates for performance comparison between module types, whereas 3D simulations capture additional mismatch and shading losses, reducing yield by ~20-23 MWh annually. The findings demonstrate that 2D models are useful for preliminary feasibility, while 3D detailed simulations are necessary for accurate yield prediction and financial analysis in shading- prone sites.

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Photovoltaics, PVsyst software, Unlimited sheds orientation, Fixed tilt orientation.

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Mathematical word problems (MWPs) are a persistent challenge in education due to their dual requirement for natural language understanding and symbolic reasoning. Traditional automated solvers often provide static, symbol-based answers, limiting accessibility for learners who prefer visual or auditory approaches. Recent developments in deep learning and multi-modal educational technologies have improved solver accuracy and engagement but typically require extensive datasets or high-end hardware, making them impractical for widespread classroom use. This paper introduces the Math visualization Generator (MVG), a Python-driven system integrating natural language processing, structured reasoning, and dynamic visualization. MVG delivers multimodal explanations by generating either stepwise textual breakdowns or synchronized video-audio solutions, adapting to diverse learner needs. Tested across algebraic, geometric, and arithmetic MWPs, MVG achieves over 90% accuracy and significantly increases engagement among learners. Its lightweight, flexible design positions MVG as an effective tool bridging the gap between advanced computational reasoning and practical, accessible math instruction for classrooms and independent study

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Mathematical word problems, natural language understanding, symbolic reasoning, multi-modal education, Math Visualization Generator, dynamic visualization, multimodal explanations, accessible math instruction

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The distributed generation (DG) generates electrical power in the distribution networks or on the network user side. In distribution networks, DGs have significant role to perform for reduction of real power and enhancing the stability in voltage of power system. Distribution companies find that it is an effective way of minimizing losses, handling the great cost of energy that is not supplied or preventing or delaying the expansion of the network. But, precise positioning and sizing of DGs in network is the crucial problem because in case the position of DGs is not appropriate, then the increased size can cause a big risk and loss for system. The installations of DG require special attention and studies to enhance the reliability and performance of the system. When the DGs are placed optimally, it can minimize the cost of operation and network losses and enhances the power quality. In order to determine the optimum size and location of DGs, various approaches have been introduced in the literature. Thus, various approaches were proposed till now for optimal placement and sizing of DGs, however, they do not provide the optimal results for voltage stability enhancement and power loss reduction. Therefore, in proposed work, three approaches are presented i.e. PSO-Sim, PSO and GA, for the optimal placement and sizing of DG units. These approaches are proposed with the intention to improve the voltage stability and minimize power loss by optimal placement of DGs. The implementation of these approaches is performed in IEEE-33 bus test system. The performance of the proposed approaches is analyzed in terms of three different parameters i.e. VSI, voltage profile and power losses, and the obtained results demonstrates the efficiency of GA approach over other two proposed approaches.

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PSO, MATLAB, Voltage Stability, Load Flow, Distribution Generation, Artificial Neural Networks

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 Abstract

Social Work is an Nobel Profession. Social work profession based on scientific methods and practice . at the same time Social work education mainly concerned to knowledge, skills and attitude. Social work profession deals with individual, group & community related identify their needs and problems and tried to resolve it through by scientific methods and enable them for better life. While working as a professional social worker has ethical issues, challenges and opportunities. when deal with clients, group and whole community. In today scenario, social work profession or training with numerous ethical and legal challenges, particularly around confidentiality, conflicts of interest & maintaining professional boundaries. Some of the challenges are need to balance with client freedom and social worker duty. While working with client to keep moral, cultural competence, data privacy and online digital interactions. Some issues that have both ethical & legal components include access to medical care, informed consent, confidentiality and exception to confidentiality . while opportunities developing strong ethical decision making framework, enhancing practical experience, and fostering supportive environment of learning.

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Social Work Profession, Ethical Issues & Challenges, Ethical Opportunities.

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The increasing demand for reliable electrical energy necessitates fault-free operation of power systems. Power transformer protective relays play a crucial role in mitigating unwanted outages. This paper proposes the application of artificial neural networks (ANNs) for detecting and classifying faults in power transformers, leveraging their ability to mimic human knowledge and automate complex tasks. A comprehensive survey of soft computing approaches for transformer fault location is presented, highlighting the limitations of conventional techniques and the potential benefits of intelligent solutions.

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TransformerFaultLocation,ArtificialNeuralNetworks,Softcomputing, Artificial Intelligence, Gradient, KNN, Feature extraction and Accuracy

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This study explores consumer perceptions towards electric vehicle adoption and its contribution to sustainable transportation. A quantitative survey was conducted across diverse urban and semi-urban regions, focusing on factors such as government policy support, economic feasibility and environmental awareness. The results indicate that government initiatives including supporting policies and infrastructure development are widely viewed as essential drivers of electric vehicle adoption. Consumer awareness emerged as a key influencer, with most respondents recognizing the importance of being informed about the benefits of green transportation. While attitudes towards affordability were generally positive, there were noticeable differences in how well participants understood the long-term advantages of electric vehicles. Stimulatingly, cost related concerns did not appear to significantly prevent purchase intention. The study highlights the critical role of awareness campaigns and consistent government efforts in fostering a favorable environment for electric mobility, ultimately supporting broader sustainable goals.

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Electric Vehicles Consumer Perceptions, Environmental Awareness, Public Attitude, Transportation Sustainability

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The rapid evolution of digital financial markets--driven by algorithmic trading, cryptocurrencies, NFTs, and social-media-driven investing--has created profound challenges for traditional insider trading regulations. Legal frameworks such as India's SEBI (Prohibition of Insider Trading) Regulations, 2015 (as amended in December 2024), the U.S. theories of classical and misappropriation insider trading, and the EU/UK Market Abuse Regulation (MAR) were primarily designed for conventional securities markets. These frameworks now face significant stress in addressing new forms of material non-public information (MNPI), including digital data exhaust, algorithmic signals, and influencer-driven financial communication. This paper investigates whether existing PIT/MAR regimes adequately address insider trading risks in these digital contexts and explores the regulatory gaps that emerge when social media "finfluencers," algorithmic pipelines, and alternative data sources blur the line between public and non-public information. The study makes three key contributions: first, it provides a cross-jurisdictional synthesis of insider trading law in India, the United States, and the European Union; second, it integrates legal analysis with market microstructure insights on algorithmic trading, high-speed data flows, and crypto-asset markets; and third, it develops a compliance blueprint for market participants that balances deterrence, innovation, and fairness. By mapping how digital information becomes "inside information" within algorithmic pipelines, this paper advances a more nuanced understanding of market integrity in the digital age and proposes regulatory strategies that can better safeguard investor trust while enabling technological progress.

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Insider Trading; Market Abuse Regulation (MAR); SEBI PIT Regulations; Algorithmic Trading;

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Adolescent girls are more at risk of experiencing anemia compared to adolescent boys because adolescent girls generally experience menstruation which causes a decrease in hemoglobin levels. The results of the Riskesdas prevalence of anemia in 2018 were 84.6% of young women experiencing anemia. According to its chemical composition, dragon fruit contains minerals, iron and vitamin C which have the effect of preventing anemia. Vitamin C, folic acid, and protein are the main factors that promote iron absorption. Vitamin C increases iron absorption up to four times. Young coconut contains various ingredients that can help in blood formation, namely folic acid which is the main component for the formation of cell nuclei, magnesium, copper, zinc, vitamin C and vitamin B complex. This research method is quasi-experimental by planning 2 groups, namely the treatment group and the control group. The sample consisted of 40 young women at SMP Negeri 3 Bitung who were selected through Stratified Random Sampling. Data analysis used a parametric test, namely the paired T-test, where if the p value < ? (0.05), it was concluded that there was an effect of giving red dragon fruit pudding with young coconut on the hemoglobin levels of adolescent girls. The results of this study were that the treatment group had an influence on Hb levels in young women who experienced an increase in Hb levels of 1.04 g/dl compared to the control group. Based on the results of the data analysis test, the ? value was 0.000 < 0.05. So it can be concluded that there is an average difference between pre-test hemoglobin levels and post-test hemoglobin levels, which means that there is an influence of giving red dragon fruit pudding with young coconut on hemoglobin levels in young women at SMP Negeri 3 Bitung.

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Red Dragon Fruit, Young Coconut, Hemoglobin, Adolescent Girls.

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Education is one of the most powerful tools for promoting Women Empowerment at achieving gender equality. It enhance women knowledge, skills and self confidence enabling them to participate in full social, economic and political life. Access to education breaks cycle of poverty by improving women employment opportunities, health outcomes. Education and decision making power within household and communities. Moreover educated womens are more likely to advocate for their rights, challenges, discrimination practices and contribute to sustainable development. Despite significant progress worldwide many women particularly in developing countries still face barriers such as cultural, normal poverty early marriages and inadequate infrastructure that limit their access to quality education. Education and empowerment are closely linked as education can be a powerful tool for empowering. Individual s, communities and societies.

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Education, empowerment, opportunity, communities knowledge scholarships progress, program, scheme children school laws barriers, equality etc.

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Jalauka, a traditional Ayurvedic treatment, is widely recognized for its therapeutic efficacy in managing a variety of surgical diseases like wound healing, reducing inflammation, and preventing infection in post-surgical recovery. Derived from the use of medicinal leeches (Hirudo medicinalis). The application of Jalauka in surgical diseases primarily focuses on improving blood circulation, detoxifying the body, and enhancing tissue regeneration, all of which are crucial for the healing process following surgical procedures. In surgical contexts, Jalauka is particularly beneficial in managing conditions like venous insufficiency, chronic wounds, abscesses, and other post-surgical complications. The leech's saliva contains bioactive compounds that aid in the prevention of thrombosis, facilitate microcirculation, and promote the clearance of metabolic waste products. This paper explores the scientific underpinnings of Jalauka therapy in the management of surgical diseases, highlighting its historical significance, modern-day applications, and potential benefits Furthermore, we discuss the integration of Jalauka therapy into modern surgical practices, emphasizing its safe and effective use in enhancing surgical recovery. In conclusion, Jalauka therapy holds great promise as an adjunctive treatment in surgical medicine. Its multifaceted therapeutic benefits make it an invaluable tool in the management of surgical diseases

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Rakt mokshan, Jalaukavacharana, hirudothearpy.

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This research looks at how well a new type of composite material works. It is made by combining natural jute fibers with strongglass fibers. The goal is to create a material that is both strong and environmentally friendly. Different ways of mixing the fibers and treating them with heat and radiation were tested. The results showed that the material became stronger, could bend better, resisted impacts more, and did not soak up much water or crack easily. The best results came fromsamples that had glass fibers on the outside. In the end, this mix of jute and glass fibers is a good, low-cost option for making strong and lightweight building materials.

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Natural JuteFibers Glass Fibers Hybrid composites Durability Strength Compressive strength flexural

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