Volume 13 | Issue 9

 Abstract

Folk music in Bihar, particularly within the Maithili and Magahi traditions, offers a rich and nuanced perspective on the social, cultural, and gendered dynamics of the region. These musical forms, often performed in domestic, ritualistic, or seasonal contexts, are far more than mere entertainment; they serve as significant sites of women's expression and socio-cultural participation. Through genres such as sohar (birth songs), samdaun (marriage songs), janmotsav (festive compositions), and other seasonal or life-cycle folk performances, women articulate a spectrum of emotions ranging from joy and celebration to grief, anxiety, and subtle dissent. These songs not only document everyday experiences and societal expectations but also provide women with a medium to assert agency, negotiate social norms, and preserve collective memory. Furthermore, Maithili and Magahi folk songs frequently encode resistance against patriarchal structures, allowing women to critique and challenge power hierarchies in symbolic or metaphorical ways. This interplay of performance, identity, and resistance highlights how women's voices, even within ostensibly private or community-centered spaces, contribute to broader processes of cultural continuity and transformation. By examining the linguistic, melodic, and performative elements of these folk traditions, this study illuminates the central role women play in sustaining regional cultural heritage, asserting individual and collective identity, and fostering resilience within socially restrictive environments. Ultimately, the article argues that women's folk music in Bihar is not only a repository of cultural knowledge but also a vibrant medium through which gendered experiences, creativity, and resistance are expressed, making it a crucial lens for understanding the intersections of music, society, and empowerment in regional India.

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Women's Voices in Maithili and Magahi Folk Music: Agency, Resistance, and Identity

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This study has been undertaken to investigate the association between investment literacy and investment avenues. For this purpose shares, mutual funds, bonds, fixed deposits, national pension scheme, public provident fund, senior citizen saving scheme is considered as investment avenues related to financial market and their relationship with investment literacy is studied. The sample for the study was 434 retail investors from the north region of India. Data was collected using questionnaire consisted 15 questions. The first category comprised questions in which respondents gave answer related to their holding in shares, mutual funds, bonds, fixed deposits, national pension scheme, public provident fund, senior citizen saving scheme. The second category comprised of 8 multiple choice questions which tested the retail investors knowledge in areas of basic investment calculations, their understanding of financial markets and products, and their knowledge of risk and diversification. Descriptive analysis and Chi-Square was used to find out the Association between investment avenues and investment literacy. The findings showed that nvestment literacy does not uniformly determine the selection of investment avenues among respondents. For most financial products examined--including mutual funds, bonds, Public Provident Fund (PPF), National Pension Scheme (NPS), and the Senior Citizen Saving Scheme (SCSS)--the association with investment literacy was found to be statistically insignificant. This indicates that individuals with below average, moderate, and high literacy levels participate in these instruments at relatively similar rates. In other words, higher financial knowledge does not necessarily translate into greater adoption of these specific products. The one exception to this trend was observed in the case of fixed deposits.

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Investment Literacy, Investment Avenues, Financial Inclusion, Financial Literacy

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Function related test, SPADI, FIT-Hansa, Shoulder pain

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The Job Portal is a full-stack web application built using the MERN stack--MongoDB, Express.js,React.js, and Node.js--designed to streamline the process of job searching and hiring by connecting job seekers and recruiters through a dynamic, user-friendly interface and scalable backend.[1] The frontend, developed with React.js, ensures a responsive and interactive user experience with feature like job filtering by category or location, user dashboards, and job detail views, while React Router manages dynamic routing for smooth navigation.[2] The backend, powered by Express.js and Node.js handles API logic, data transactions, and server-side operations, with MongoDB serving as the NoSQL database to store job listings, user profiles, and applications, enabling quick access and efficient data management through a modular and maintainable codebase. [3] For secure and seamless user authentication, the portal integrates Clerk, which offers modern authentication features including email/password login, social logins, role-based access, and secure session handling ,ensuring that both job seekers and recruiters can safely access tailored functionality. To maintain application reliability and proactively resolve issues, [4] Sentry is used for real-time error monitoring and performance tracking, capturing detailed error logs from both the frontend and backend so developers can identify and fix bugs quickly. Together, these technologies create a robust maintainable, and scalable platform that supports future enhancements such as resume parsing, AI based job recommendations, and recruiter-applicant messaging features. This MERN stack-based job portal stands out as a secure, modern, and efficient solution for job placement and recruitment ,offering real-world applicability, strong architecture, and a focus on user experience and system reliability, making it a valuable and industry-relevant project for addressing the challenges of employment and hiring

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Job Portal, MERN Stack, Full-Stack Web Development, MongoDB, Express.js, React.js, Node.js, Secure Authentication, JWT, OAuth, Clerk, Error Monitoring, Sentry, Cloud-Based Platforms, Recruitment Automation, Resume Parsing, Applicant Tracking System (ATS), Personalized Job Recommendations, Machine Learning in Hiring, Data Privacy & Security, Role-Based Access Control, Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), Scalable Web Applications, Employer-Candidate Matching, Online Recruitment, Career Developme

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; Women's lives have changed over the centuries. Historically life was particularly difficult for most women. Cancer is one of the most important diseases which threaten human health. In the World, breast cancer is the most commonly seen type of cancer in woman. According to the American Cancer Society, about 1.3million women will be diagnosed with breast cancer annually. Worldwide about 465,000 will die from the disease. Breast cancer incidence in women in the United States is 1 in 8(about 13%). In 2012, an estimated 192,370 new cases of invasive breast cancer were expected to be diagnosed in women in the U. S along with 62,280 new cases of noninvasive (in situ) breast cancer. In India, the incidence of breast cancer is increasing, with an estimated 80,000 new cases were diagnosed annually. It is reported that one in 22 women in India is likely to suffer from breast cancer during her lifetime.

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Female Students, Knowledge, Breast self-examination

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Social media is an influential tool in modern education, providing opportunities for collaborative learning but also posing risks of distraction and emotional fatigue. Nursing students, due to their demanding academic and clinical schedules, are particularly vulnerable to its influence. Methods: A quantitative descriptive correlational study was conducted on 100 purposively selected final-year GNM students from Narayan Nursing College, Jamuhar. Data were collected using a demographic proforma, a self-structured social media usage questionnaire, academic performance records, and the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS). Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and Pearson's correlation. Significance was set at p<0.05. Results: 40% of students reported social media usage exceeding 3 hours/day, while only 15% used it solely for academics. Academic performance was high in 20%, average in 65%, and low in 15% of students. Well-being scores were high in 20%, moderate in 68%, and low in 12%. Excessive social media use correlated negatively with academic performance (r = -0.42) and well-being (r = -0.39), both statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: Unregulated social media usage adversely affects both academic performance and mental well-being. Structured interventions for digital literacy, time management, and emotional resilience are essential for nursing students.

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Social media, Academic performance, Mental well-being, Nursing education, Digital behavior.

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(साहित्यिक पत्रकारिता भारतीय सामाजिक-राजनीतिक परिदृश्य में एक महत्वपूर्ण माध्यम के रूप में उभरकर सामने आई है, जिसने मात्र सूचना देने की परंपरा से आगे बढ़कर समाज की गहरी संवेदनाओं, सरोकारों और विचारधाराओं को स्वर प्रदान किया है। यह शोध पत्र साहित्यिक पत्रकारिता के माध्यम से सामाजिक सरोकारों, जनचेतना एवं समकालीन मुद्दों के प्रस्तुतीकरण का गहन अध्ययन प्रस्तुत करता है। इसमें यह स्पष्ट किया गया है कि साहित्यिक पत्रकारिता केवल समाचार या घटनाओं का विवरण भर नहीं है, बल्कि यह समाज में हो रहे परिवर्तनों को मानवीय दृष्टिकोण से देखने, सामाजिक असमानताओं को उजागर करने और जनता की चेतना को जागृत करने का प्रभावी माध्यम है। साहित्यिक पत्रकारिता में विचारधारा, भाषा, शैली और प्रस्तुति का जो अद्वितीय संगम दिखाई देता है, वह इसे अन्य पत्रकारिता शैलियों से भिन्न बनाता है। इस शोध पत्र में सामाजिक सरोकार, जनचेतना का विकास, साहित्यिक भाषा की भूमिका, समकालीन मुद्दों की पड़ताल, आलोचनात्मक दृष्टि, सांस्कृतिक विमर्श तथा लोकतांत्रिक मूल्यों की स्थापना जैसे पहलुओं पर विस्तार से विवेचन किया गया है। साथ ही यह अध्ययन यह भी रेखांकित करता है कि साहित्यिक पत्रकारिता न केवल समाज का दर्पण है, बल्कि वह परिवर्तन की प्रेरक शक्ति भी है। अंततः यह निष्कर्ष निकलता है कि साहित्यिक पत्रकारिता सामाजिक चेतना को गढ़ने, समकालीन चुनौतियों को समझने और सांस्कृतिक-लोकतांत्रिक विमर्श को जीवंत बनाए रखने का एक सशक्त औजार है।)

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साहित्यिक पत्रकारिता, सामाजिक सरोकार, जनचेतना, समकालीन मुद्दे, आलोचनात्मक दृष्टि, सांस्कृतिक विमर्श, लोकतांत्रिक मूल्य, मानवीय दृष्टिकोण, भाषा और शैली, सामाजिक असमानता, जनपक्षधरता, सामाजिक

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RESEARCH ABSTRACT Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is a form of prenatal diagnosis to determine chromosomal or genetic disorders in the fetus. It entails sampling of the chorionic villus and testing it for chromosomal abnormalities, usually with FISH or PCR. OBJECTIVES (1) Assess the level of knowledge regarding chorionic villus sampling purpose, procedure and risk among student nurses studying in a selected nursing college at Bangalore. (2) Evaluate the effectiveness of Structure teaching programme on knowledge regarding chorionic villus sampling purpose, procedure and risk among student nurses studying in a selected nursing college at Bangalore. (3) Find the association between the pre-test level of knowledge scores with their selected socio demographic variables. DESIGN: Quasi experimental research design was selected for the study. SUBJECT: 60 student nurses were participated for this study. SAMPLING METHOD: Non probability convenience sampling technique was used for the study. DATA COLLECTION TOOL: Structured knowledge questionnaire was used to collect the data from the samples. DATA ANALYSIS: The obtained data was analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics and interpreted in terms of objectives and hypothesis of the study. The level of significance was set as P<=0.0001 level. RESULTS: The results of this study showed that, in pretest majority of student nurses had inadequate knowledge, have moderate knowledge and no one has adequate knowledge whereas in posttest after imparting structured teaching programme majority had adequate and had moderate knowledge and none had inadequate knowledge regarding chorionic villus sampling purpose, procedure and risk among student nurses. So, it is proved that the STP was effective in improving knowledge of student nurses regarding chorionic villus sampling purpose, procedure and risk. The chi-square value of the pretest level of knowledge of student nurses with their selected socio demographic variables was significant at P<= level. CONCLUSION: The findings of the study concluded that the STP was found to be effective in improving the knowledge on chorionic villus sampling purpose, procedure and risk among student nurses.

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Key Words: Assess, Effectiveness, Knowledge, Student Nurses, Structured Teaching Programme, Chorionic Villus Sampling, Purpose, Procedure, Risks, Socio-demographic Variables.

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A Comparative Study of Learning Styles of Undergraduate Students of Science and Arts Faculties

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A Comparative Study of Learning Styles of Undergraduate Students of Science and Arts Faculties

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INDO-US RELATIONSHIP: BEGINNING OF A NEW CHAPTER Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi's recent visit to the US has up a sense of reverence and serenity leading to harmonic chord of touch in Indo-US relationship. It is also a sheer display of the hidden prowess of India's soft power diplomacy creating an international environment of positivity and evoking dazzling serendipity in international relations winning applause all the way.PM Modi's recent address to the joint meeting of both the houses of American Congress showcased how a positive leadership and dynamism can be a game changer in a web of power struggle in International Politics.The MoU between GE Aerospace and Hindustan Aeronautics to facilitate the production of 99 leading F414 engines has enhanced the chances of technology transfer.In addition to this, an agreement on production of Jet engines for Mk2( combat aircraft ) and MQ-9B Hale UAVs ( drone ) would facilitate the smooth process of sophisticated technology tranfer.This would enhance defence strategies via intelligence gatheing to encounter security challenges from China and Pakistan and any terrorist group.Besides, cooperation in Artificial Intelligence can be of immense use. Tradionally, foreign Policy of any country used to be influenced by myriad factors but primarily determined by dynamism of National Interest based on economic and security concerns which keep changing with situation and circumstances as being highly dynamic in nature. This research paper examines beginning of a very positive new era in Indo-US relationships , the areas of cooperation, concern and need for change in strategy to deal with problems in International Politics.

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International Relations, Diplomacy, Indo-US Relationship, International Cooperation, Security Analysis

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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder that influences a person's communication, behavior, and social interaction. Some of the common symptoms are problems with eye contact, delayed language development, restricted use of gestures, and difficulties with playing or engaging in common social interactions. ASD children could have problems with understanding social cues or sustaining a conversation. These communication challenges are usually evident during early childhood and vary in intensity, ranging from mild to extreme. While some children might say very little or nothing at all, others might say words in unique ways, for instance, by repeating words or talking in a flat tone. In addition to the problems of communication, kids with ASD tend to exhibit stereotypical behaviors and limited interests. This can range from hand- flapping, routine repetitions, having an unusual attachment to specific items, or showing intense interest in specific topics. Others also show peculiar response to senses, such as over responding to sound, lights or texture. Since these symptoms begin to appear at a very tender age making them mild to severe, early detection is desirable. Early detection treatment via speech therapy, behavioral support, and educational interventions can markedly enhance the development and well-being of a child.

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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD); Machine Learning (ML); Early and automated Diagnosis; Predictive Modeling; Behavioral Analysis; Support Vector Machine (SVM); Decision Tree; Random Forest; Deep Learning.

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Maxillofacial Prosthetics (MFP) plays a vital role in rehabilitating patients with craniofacial defects resulting from trauma, cancer surgery, or congenital anomalies. Despite its clinical significance, many dental professionals report limited exposure and training in this subspecialty. This study uses a 15-question survey to evaluate the knowledge, awareness, clinical exposure, and challenges faced by dental students and professionals in relation to MFP. Results indicate moderate theoretical knowledge but low hands-on experience, underlining the urgent need to integrate MFP more thoroughly into dental curricula and clinical training.

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Maxillofacial Prosthetics, Dental Education, Prosthodontics, Rehabilitation, Survey Study

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Domestic solid waste management is a critical concern that directly affects public health, environmental sustainability, and quality of life, particularly in rural India. The current study focuses on assessing the knowledge of residents in Gopibigha village, Rohtas district, Bihar, regarding domestic solid waste management practices. A descriptive quantitative design was adopted with a sample of 60 residents selected through purposive sampling. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire of 20 items and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.The findings indicate that while awareness regarding the importance of solid waste management was high, practical implementation of safe methods like composting and waste segregation remained limited. More than 80% of participants recognized that improper waste disposal contributes to health hazards, yet less than half reported practicing segregation or composting at home. Education, income, and occupation were found to be significant determinants of knowledge level.Households with higher educational attainment and stable incomes demonstrated better awareness and safer practices, while others continued to rely on open dumping and burning. This highlights the need for community-centered interventions that go beyond awareness to practical demonstrations and infrastructural support. Nurses, community health workers, and Panchayati Raj institutions can serve as catalysts in transforming household behaviors. By integrating education, infrastructure, and policy, it is possible to bridge the gap between knowledge and practice. The study concludes that sustainable waste management in rural Bihar requires urgent action to protect health, improve environmental outcomes, and create opportunities for resource recovery through composting and recycling initiatives.

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A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE REGARDING DOMESTIC SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT AMONG RESIDENTS IN A SELECTED VILLAGE OF ROHTAS, BIHAR

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Indian communal violence has long been a subject of academic curiosity, especially as regards the causes and political dynamics. Brass, Varshney, and Wilkinson have offered influencing frameworks that correlate riots to political incentives, civic structures, and elite mobilization. Yet the judicial aftermath of riots and the filing of cases going to arrests, chargesheets, and conviction had been remained comparatively understudied. This lack of study is surprising since justice delivery remains central to avoidance, accountability, and restoration of trust in the governance and the system which rules the common man of this country. The paper seeks to fill this particular gap by analyzing the state-level data from the NCRB for the years 2016 to 2020 and covers the cases of reported communal riots, charge sheeted cases, convicted cases, and similar statistics for arrest and conviction of persons. From these variables, we created three indicators, namely Charge-sheeting Ratio (CSR), Conviction-Ratio (CR), and Arrest to Conviction Ratio (ACR) which further used to conduct systematic comparisons of the state-level efficiency in processing riots cases through the different stages of the criminal justice system. The reality after reviewing the several papers revealed glaring discrimination in justice administration. While riot cases are recorded grossly, Bihar and Utter Pradesh witness less than 5% conviction rates, none being recorded for Andhra Pradesh and Assam which looks almost like impossible as if we see the Indian newspapers. On the other-hand southern states fare comparatively well. Such trends assert that the efficiency with which law is administered and also it measures of state capacity, political will, institutional arrangements and need reforms in many aspects especially in investigation processes, judicial processes, witness protection and transparency.

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Communal riots, Legal efficiency, NCRB data, India, Conviction ratios.

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 Abstract

AMURTA KALA KA VAISHVIK VIKAS EVAM BHARTIYA YOGDAN

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AMURTA KALA KA VAISHVIK VIKAS EVAM BHARTIYA YOGDAN

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Capsaicin, Phytosomes, Rotory evaporation method, Carbapol 934,HPMC K4M,Phytosomal gel

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Today nursing is considered as a discipline of higher technology coupled with a wealth of complex information. As technology is advancing at a rapid speed, nurses involved in patient care should up-to-date their knowledge. Having knowledge only is not adequate they should apply this knowledge while providing care to patients to improve the health of patients and to prevent development of complications. Quasi-experimental one group pre-test post-test design was used to assess the effectiveness of STP on knowledge regarding legal and ethical issues in care of children among nurses working in pediatric units at selected hospitals Kanpur. An evaluative approach was adopted in this study and it was carried out at Rama hospital. The non-probability purposive sampling was used to select 60nurses. The tool used for the data collection was self-structured knowledge questionnaire. Data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Data from the above figure depicts that in pre-test 39(65.00%) subjects had inadequate knowledge, 18(30.00%) subjects had moderate knowledge and 03(05.00%) regarding legal and ethical issues in care of children. In post-test 48(80.00%) had adequate knowledge and 12(20.00%) had moderate knowledge. Therefore, the research hypothesis H1 was accepted, i.e. there is significant difference between mean pre-test and post-test knowledge score. Overall findings showed that there is knowledge deficit among nurses regarding legal and ethical issues in care of children and STP was effective in improving their knowledge.

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Knowledge, STP, Descriptive and Inferential statistics and nurses.

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This paper presents the design and development of a CNN-based smart robotic arm that mimics human hand gestures for intuitive control. [1] Unlike traditional robotic arms that rely on joysticks or pre-programmed instructions, the proposed system enables natural human-robot interaction through gesture recognition, voice commands, and vision-based object classification, with the robotic arm mounted on a wireless RC car to allow mobility in dynamic environments. The system integrates multiple modules, including gesture recognition using deep learning (CNN/LSTM) models trained on the ASL Alphabet Dataset for static gestures and the ChaLearn LAP IsoGD dataset for dynamic gestures [2]; robotic arm control through ESP32 and servo motors for grip, lift, and rotation; RC car navigation controlled via voice commands captured by a ReSpeaker 4-Mic Array [4]; and a computer vision module using a Raspberry Pi camera for colour and shape detection to assist in pick-and-place tasks [3]. This multimodal approach ensures intuitive, flexible, and robust control, addressing real-world challenges such as gesture variability, multimodal fusion, and real-time deployment. Applications of the proposed work include assistive robotics, warehouse logistics, industrial automation, and smart surveillance.

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CNN, Gesture Recognition, Robotic Arm, ESP32, Raspberry Pi, Voice Commands, Object Detection, Shape Recognition, Colour Classification, Human-Robot Interaction, Multimodal Control.

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The retail sector in India not only is the most vibrant growth driver in the country, valued at USD 1.4 trillion and estimated to be USD 2 trillion in 2032, but also supports close to 10 percent of the GDP and millions of people in both organised and unorganised sector. In the last twenty years, the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) policy has been gradually liberalized, which has not only led to introduction of global brands within the Indian market place but also changed the way businesses are conducted through the integration of business model, technologies, and supply chains. FDI is reshaping the boundaries of Indian retail sector, ranging through Kirana stalls to the international chains. This research paper provides an in-depth discussion of the use of FDI in realizing the growth of the retail sector of India between April 2000 and March 2025. Arguing that the dual aspects of the study can be solved with a mixed-methods design, it combines the descriptive trend analysis of DPIIT and RBI official data with the qualitative information based on the analysis of government reports, literature and industry reports. According to the findings, three characterizing patterns are present: inflows that are concentrated in a few states, the transformative nature on the infrastructure and the consumer experience, and the struggle of small retailers with rural markets. The research concludes that FDI in retail is a force of structure that needs to be managed with a certain purposed, not necessarily a benefit or a curse. It suggests the idea of inclusive Kirana digital upskilling, regional investments, enhanced e-commerce governance, and a growing idea of building the sustainable, equitable, and competitive global environment retailing till 2035.

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Foreign Direct Investment, Indian retail, Policy Liberalization, Organised vs. Unorganised Retail, Regional Disparities, Inclusive Growth.

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ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) places substantial physical, emotional, and social demands on primary caregivers, often diminishing their quality of life (QoL). This, in turn, affects both caregiver well-being and child development. Assessing caregiver QoL in rehabilitation centers is crucial to guide supportive interventions and family-centered care. AIM: To assess the quality of life among primary caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorder attending a rehabilitation centre. OBJECTIVES: 1) To assess the quality of life among primary caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorder. 2) To determine the association between selected demographic variables and their quality of life among primary caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorder. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This descriptive study assessed the quality of life (QoL) among 60 primary caregivers of children (1-18 years) with ASD in a rehabilitation centre at Kanyakumari District. Data were collected via structured interview schedule using structured questionnaire for demographic variables and the ASD Parent/Caregiver QoL Questionnaire for quality of life. QoL was analyzed with descriptive statistics, and associations with demographics were tested using Chi-square. FINDINGS: Most primary caregivers of children with ASD reported moderate QoL (76.7%), with poorer QoL linked to child-related factors such as multiple disabilities, family history of ASD, and consanguineous marriage. These findings stress the need for targeted psychosocial support and genetic counseling to improve primary caregiver well-being. CONCLUSION: The study concluded that most primary caregivers of children with ASD had moderate QoL, with poorer well-being linked to child-specific factors like multiple disabilities, family history of ASD, and consanguineous marriage. Targeted psychosocial support, family-centered care, and genetic counseling are essential to improve primary caregiver QoL and child outcomes.

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Autism Spectrum Disorder, Primary Caregivers, Quality of Life, Rehabilitation Centre, Caregiver well-being, Child Disabilities, Family Support.

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