Volume 13 | Issue 9

 Abstract

"A Study of Levels of Potassium and Plant Geometry on Finger Diameter of Banana (Musa acuminata L.) cv. Ardhapuri"

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"A Study of Levels of Potassium and Plant Geometry on Finger Diameter of Banana (Musa acuminata L.) cv. Ardhapuri"

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This paper presents a comprehensive intelligent public transportation framework integrating Electric Buses (EBs), Internet of Things (IoT) sensors, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Digital Twin technology, Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) services, and Renewable Energy Sources (RES) to achieve sustainable urban mobility. The proposed framework introduces a novel Hybrid Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning and Transformer-Based Optimization Algorithm (MARL-TBO) that simultaneously optimizes dynamic route planning, fleet scheduling, and charging management across a 100-bus urban transit network. A Digital Twin of the entire transit ecosystem provides real-time bidirectional synchronization for predictive decision-making. Battery Degradation-Aware Energy Management considers State of Charge (SOC), State of Health (SOH), thermal dynamics, and passenger load variations to extend battery longevity. AI-based passenger demand forecasting via spatiotemporal deep learning achieves over 95% prediction accuracy. Simulation results over 365 days of operation demonstrate 25-35% reduction in energy consumption, 30-40% reduction in passenger waiting time, 20-30% reduction in operational cost, 15-25% improvement in battery life, and 35-50% reduction in carbon emissions compared to conventional methods. Comparative evaluation against Rule-Based, Genetic Algorithm, PSO, DQN, and PPO baselines confirms MARL-TBO superiority across all performance metrics. The framework establishes a scalable blueprint for next-generation AI-powered electric transit systems.

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Electric Buses, Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning, Digital Twin, Vehicle-to-Grid, Battery Degradation, Renewable Energy, Transformer Networks, Smart Grid, Urban Mobility, MARL-TBO

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Adiguru Shankaracharya ki Shikshaon me Yog: Ek Adhyayan

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Adiguru Shankaracharya ki Shikshaon me Yog: Ek Adhyayan

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"Digital Shiksha aur Kritrim Buddhimatta ke Yug mein Shikshak ki Peshavar Kshamata ka Vikas evam Bhavishya ki Shiksha mein uski Bhoomika: ek Vishleshanatmak Adhyayan"

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"Digital Shiksha aur Kritrim Buddhimatta ke Yug mein Shikshak ki Peshavar Kshamata ka Vikas evam Bhavishya ki Shiksha mein uski Bhoomika: ek Vishleshanatmak Adhyayan"

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"Travankor Kshetra mein Samudaayik Jal Prabandhan se Aupniveshik Niyantran tak: Sinchai Neetiyon ke Madhyam se Sansadhan Kendrikaran ka Aitihasik Vishleshan (1800-1940)"

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"Travankor Kshetra mein Samudaayik Jal Prabandhan se Aupniveshik Niyantran tak: Sinchai Neetiyon ke Madhyam se Sansadhan Kendrikaran ka Aitihasik Vishleshan (1800-1940)"

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"Mughal Kaleen Prashasanik Vyavastha ka Swaroop: Shahjahanabad aur Fatehpur Sikri ke Sandarbh mein ek Aitihasik Adhyayan"

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"Mughal Kaleen Prashasanik Vyavastha ka Swaroop: Shahjahanabad aur Fatehpur Sikri ke Sandarbh mein ek Aitihasik Adhyayan"

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Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) play a crucial role in economic development, particularly in emerging economies like India. To support this sector, both Central and State Governments have introduced various schemes aimed at improving financial access, technological capability, and market competitiveness. This study provides an analytical review of these schemes with empirical evidence from Firozabad district, Uttar Pradesh. Primary data were collected from 60 SMEs to assess awareness, utilization, and perceived effectiveness of schemes such as PMEGP, MUDRA, CGTMSE, ODOP, and state-level initiatives. The findings reveal that while schemes like MUDRA and ODOP are widely utilized and beneficial, others such as CGTMSE and Cluster Development face implementation challenges. The study concludes that improving awareness, simplifying procedures, and enhancing digital support systems are essential for maximizing the effectiveness of government schemes.

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SMEs, Government Schemes, PMEGP, MUDRA, ODOP, Firozabad, MSME Policy

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Background: Psychological well-being is a vital component of child development, influencing emotional stability, social interaction, and mental health. Traditional play activities provide opportunities for socialization, stress reduction, and emotional expression. However, increasing screen time and reduced outdoor play have negatively impacted children's psychological health. Objectives: To assess and evaluate the effectiveness of a structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding traditional play and its role in improving psychological well-being among school-going children. Methods: A quasi-experimental research design was adopted among 400 school-going children in selected schools of Ludhiana, Punjab. A stratified random sampling technique was used. A structured knowledge questionnaire was administered before and after the intervention. The structured teaching programme focused on traditional play and its psychological benefits. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Pre-test findings showed that the majority of children had inadequate knowledge regarding the psychological benefits of traditional play. Post-intervention, a significant improvement was observed, with a large proportion of children attaining moderate to adequate knowledge levels. The difference between pre-test and post-test scores was statistically significant (p <= 0.05). Conclusion: The structured teaching programme was effective in enhancing knowledge regarding psychological well-being related to traditional play. Encouraging traditional play can promote emotional stability, social skills, and mental health among children.

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Traditional Play, Psychological Well-Being, School Children, Mental Health

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Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) offer a sustainable approach to addressing rural energy poverty and inadequate sanitation. By converting organic matter in human waste into electricity, MFCs provide decentralized energy generation while improving waste stabilization and pathogen removal. When integrated with on-site sanitation systems such as pit latrines, septic tanks, or biodigesters, they can deliver small-scale power for lighting, mobile charging, and other basic needs. This comprehensive review synthesizes recent studies (2010-2026) on MFC-sanitation integration, highlighting performance metrics, socio-economic benefits, and technical challenges. Findings reveal promising sanitation improvements and measurable energy outputs, although low power density, material degradation, and maintenance requirements limit scalability. Advances in electrode design, hybrid systems (e.g., MFC-constructed wetlands, MFC-anaerobic digestion), and community-based models offer pathways for practical deployment. Future work should focus on long-term field validation, cost-effectiveness, life-cycle assessments (LCA), socio-cultural acceptance, and policy integration to enable sustainable rural electrification and circular-economy outcomes in off-grid communities worldwide.

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Microbial Fuel Cells, on-site sanitation, rural electrification, waste-to-energy, bioenergy, sustainable sanitation, renewable energy integration, constructed wetlands, circular economy, life-cycle assessment.

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The Sajolang tribe, predominantly inhabiting the West and East Kameng districts of Arunachal Pradesh, possesses a rich and complex and history regarding their origins. Historically known by the exonym "Miji", the tribe has reclaimed the Sajolang to reflect their indigenous identity. Their history is a sophisticated blend of cosmological myths and documented Tibeto-Burman migratory patterns. This paper explores the 'Bor-Nyibo' primordial split, the linguistic diversions of the 'Dhammai' people, and the specific historical settlement patterns in the Sub-Himalayan tracts.

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The Ancestral Roots and Migration of the Sajolang (Miji) Tribe of Arunachal Pradesh: A Detailed Analysis.

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With the rapid expansion of digital technologies, online marketing has become a central tool for businesses seeking to influence consumer behavior. This study explores how various online marketing strategies such as social media marketing, email marketing, search engine optimization (SEO), and influencer marketing impact consumer attitudes and purchasing decisions. Data were collected through a survey of 400 online consumers. The findings suggest that personalized marketing messages, social media engagement, and targeted advertisement significantly shape consumer buying behavior. The results provide practical implications for marketers aiming to improve online engagement and conversion rates.

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Online marketing, customer rate

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Gramin avem shahri vidyarthiyon ke vidyalaya vatavaran ke sandarbh mein shaikshik samsyaon ka tulnatmak addhyan

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Gramin avem

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?????-???????????? ???? ????????? ????? ?? ???????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ?? ??? ??????????????????????? ??????????????? ????????? ??????????????? ?????? ???????????? ?? ???????? ????????????? ??????? ????????? ??????????????????????????? ?????????? ????? ??????????????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ?

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Rapid urbanisation, population growth, and changing consumption patterns have resulted in a substantial increase in municipal solid waste generation worldwide. While solid waste management (SWM) has conventionally been addressed as a sector-specific urban service focused on collection, treatment, and disposal, growing scientific evidence suggests that improperly managed solid waste exerts far-reaching environmental impacts that extend well beyond disposal sites. In particular, interactions between solid waste, landfill leachate, urban wastewater systems, stormwater runoff, and surface water bodies create complex and often under-recognised pollution pathways. These interactions are especially pronounced in cities of developing regions, where inadequate waste segregation, poorly engineered landfills, limited wastewater treatment capacity, and dense drainage networks coexist. This integrated review synthesises existing literature on the formation and evolution of landfill leachate, its chemical and biological characteristics, and the mechanisms by which solid waste-derived contaminants are transferred into urban wastewater and surface water systems. The role of hydrological processes, including runoff, drainage connectivity, and seasonal rainfall, is examined as a critical driver of pollutant mobilisation and transport. The review further analyses the cumulative impacts of these interconnected pathways on surface water quality, aquatic ecosystems, and public health. By bridging disciplinary boundaries between solid waste management, wastewater engineering, hydrology, and urban environmental governance, this paper argues for a transition from sectoral waste management toward integrated urban environmental management frameworks. Key research gaps and policy implications are identified, highlighting the need for coordinated planning and governance to mitigate the growing burden of urban aquatic pollution.

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Solid waste management; landfill leachate; urban wastewater; runoff; surface water pollution; integrated environmental management

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The COVID-19 pandemic placed extraordinary demands on healthcare systems, with female nurses in India occupying a critical frontline position. The objective of this article is to examine the nature of work, occupational risks, and resilience of female nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic in India, with particular attention to their physical, psychological, and social challenges. Methodologically, the study is based on a qualitative review and sociological analysis of Primary and secondary data, including field work data, peer-reviewed journal articles, government publications, and reports from national and international health organizations related to nursing experiences during COVID-19 in India. Relevant literature was systematically analyzed to identify recurring themes concerning workload, risk exposure, mental health, gendered responsibilities, and coping mechanisms. The findings indicate that female nurses experienced intensified workloads, heightened risk of infection, psychological distress, burnout, social stigma, and difficulties in balancing professional and family roles. Despite these challenges, nurses displayed significant resilience through professional commitment, peer support, adaptive coping strategies, and limited institutional interventions. The study underscores the importance of gender-sensitive policies, improved occupational safety, and sustained psychosocial support to strengthen the nursing workforce during future public health emergencies.

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COVID-19, frontline healthcare workers, occupational risk, resilience, psychosocial stress, coping mechanisms

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The role of socio-economic status and family in child development Study

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The role of socio-economic status and family in child development Study

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As Agile methodologies dominate modern software development, the product backlog remains the cornerstone of iterative planning and delivery. However, traditional backlog management often relies heavily on subjective judgment, leading to inefficiencies in prioritization, estimation, and sprint planning. This review explores the emergence of AI-augmented product backlogs, focusing on how machine learning, natural language processing, and predictive analytics enhance the sprint planning process. Through theoretical models, architectural frameworks, experimental results, and real-world case studies, this paper highlights the transformative potential of AI in Agile practices. While AI brings significant gains in planning accuracy and efficiency, it also presents challenges in explainability, trust, and ethical adoption. The review concludes by identifying critical future research directions and emphasizing the need for human-centric, interpretable, and continuously learning systems in AI-augmented Agile environments.

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AI-Augmented Product Backlogs, Agile Software Development, Sprint Planning, Machine Learning, Natural Language Processing, Predictive Analytics, Agile Automation, Human-in-the-loop, Backlog Prioritization, Agile Tool Integration.

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This paper explores Chetan Bhagat's role as a defining voice in contemporary Indian English literature, analyzing his language, narrative style, and cultural impact. Bhagat has transformed the landscape of Indian fiction by making English accessible to mass audiences through his simplified style, often described as "English like Hindi." His works resonate with the aspirations and anxieties of India's middle-class youth, reflecting themes such as academic struggles, inter-caste relationships, gender dynamics, and the challenges of neoliberal society. Unlike earlier Indian English writers who catered to global or elite readerships, Bhagat deliberately writes for the masses, embedding everyday speech, humor, satire, and relatable themes into his novels. His fast-paced, cinematic storytelling style ensures wide appeal, while film adaptations further amplify his cultural presence. This study also situates Bhagat within the rise of commercial fiction in India, highlighting his influence on emerging writers and popular culture. His work demonstrates the indigenization of English literature by blending global forms with local contexts, while his public persona as a columnist and motivational speaker extends his influence beyond literature into media and politics. Despite criticism for oversimplification and commercialization, Bhagat's contributions cannot be dismissed; his works democratize Indian English fiction, ensuring that it speaks to ordinary readers while reflecting broader cultural shifts. The paper argues that Bhagat's language and narrative style mark him as both a cultural icon and a literary trendsetter, bridging the divide between high literature and popular fiction in twenty-first-century India.

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Chetan Bhagat's, Middle-Class Youth, Inter-Caste Relationships, Gender Dynamics and Neoliberal Society

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India now leads other nations when it comes to climate governance by fighting for just treatment of the environment both inside and outside the Global South. This paper investigates how India leads in fighting climate change using its local policies and international partnerships while creating environmentally sustainable development. This research studies the climate change targets that India promised under the Paris Agreement and NAPCC plus its growing stake in international climate talks. The later part studies how ISA PMUY and FAME serve India's green power aims. The study uses a qualitative method that depends on secondary scholarly and policy materials. The study shows that India deals with multiple difficulties such as combining economic progress with environmental protection when finding money and making effective climate rules work nationwide. Through this study, India proves its important position in both South-South and North-South climate partnerships by raising green funding and pushing for fair climate policies. India's climate justice leadership in years ahead counts on developing stronger home rules and policies and working with both domestic and international partners to create and secure renewable energy solutions. The study shows that long-term climate diplomacy will allow India to lead globally and make environmental justice available to its citizens.

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Environmental justice, climate diplomacy, renewable energy, climate finance, sustainable development.

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Financial literacy has emerged as a vital life skill, particularly for young adults who are beginning their financial journeys in an era of rapid market changes, digital platforms, and widespread misinformation. This study investigates the influence of financial literacy on the investment decisions of young investors in Bhopal, India. Using a structured questionnaire administered to 120 respondents aged 18-30, the research analyses levels of awareness, preferred investment avenues, and risk tolerance, employing descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests to assess associations between age and investment behaviour. The findings reveal that while awareness of investment options is relatively high, actual participation remains modest. Mutual funds and fixed deposits dominate portfolios, reflecting a preference for low- to medium-risk instruments, whereas cryptocurrencies and other volatile assets attract limited interest. Although no statistically significant relationship is found between age and investment behaviour, the results suggest that financial literacy enhances confidence, diversification, and the use of digital investment tools. The study contributes to commerce literature by providing an empirical snapshot of youth investing in an Indian context and highlights the persistent gap between financial knowledge and investment action. It recommends a twin-track approach: integrating financial education into academic curricula and designing youth-centric financial products that encourage responsible participation in markets.

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Financial literacy; Investment behaviors; Risk perception; Youth; India; Commerce; Fintech

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