Volume 8 | Issue 9

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Wastewater Treatment Technologies in Nepal

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Wastewater Treatment Technologies in Nepal

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Water is the most precious resource responsible for life on our planet. More than 1 billion people do not have access to a source of clean drinking water, and around 3 billion experience water scarcity at least a month per year. The ocean makes up 70 percent of the earth�s surface and accounts for about 96 percent of the water on the planet. Desalination of the seawater resource has emerged as a promising technology to meet the current fresh water demands. At present solar energy is used widely for desalination and new and new renewable energy technologies are developed to meet the ever increasing demands for potable water. In floating absorber based solar steam generation, the infrared rays from sun are converted into heat energy and this energy is used to convert water into steam. Cotton can be used as a floating absorber due to its high capillarity, low thermal conductivity and porosity. Even though cotton has its advantages, it has a very high reflectivity of incident light and reflects about 60% of incoming radiations. Study on the evaporation performance of Graphene Oxide (GO) cotton absorber and uncoated cotton absorber shows GO coated cotton is 2.38 times better than uncoated cotton absorber. GO has high photothermal efficiency which converts almost 60% of incoming sunlight into heat energy. Polystyrene form used as a support helps in low heat transmission loss thereby localizing heat on top surface. The evaporation rate obtained in our study using GO coated cotton shows promising result comparable to other materials used as floating absorber in different studies. Water quality analysis conducted on the condensed water samples suggests the obtained purified water is potable.

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Desalination, Solar steam generation, Graphene Oxide, Cotton, Polystyrene Foam.

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This paper tries to diagnose factors affecting the usage of UPI among customers. Efforts have been put to investigate the usage pattern, customer�s perceptions and awareness about Indian Government�s UPI for banking and financial transactions. A questionnaire was filled up by the users of UPI having bank account registered with the bank. The responses were analysed through regression model using SPSS. Five independent variables have been identified and used as major factors influencing customer�s usage of UPI. Five factors are: Perceived Usage Risk, Compatibility of Apps and OS, Customer�s Demographic Profile, Comparative Advantage over Other Apps, and External Threats. Factors like transaction risk, demographic profile of customers, compatibility of apps and benefits of UPI were significantly affected the usage pattern of UPI. While factors like geographic distribution of the customers, phishing and virus attack were negatively affected the usage of UPI.

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UPI, Perceived Usage Risk, Compatibility of Apps and OS, Customer�s Demographic Profile, Comparative Advantage over Other Apps, External Threats

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Sharkiyugeen Sthapatyakala

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Microsoft Word

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The usefulness of glass fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC) in various civil engineering applications is indisputable. Fiber-reinforced concrete has so far been successfully used in slabs on grade, architectural panels, precast products, offshore structures, structures in seismic regions, thin and thick repairs, crash barriers, footings, hydraulic structures, and many other applications. Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) is gaining attention as an effective way to improve the performance of concrete. Fibers are currently being specified in tunneling, bridge decks, pavements, loading docks, thin unbounded overlays, concrete pads, and concretes slabs. These applications of fiber reinforced concrete are becoming increasingly popular and are exhibiting excellent performance. Glass Fiber-reinforced concrete (GFRC) is concrete containing fibrous material which increases its structural integrity. It contains short discrete fibers that are uniformly distributed and randomly oriented. Fibers include steel fibers, glass fibers, synthetic fibers and natural fibers. This study presents an understanding of the strength of fiber-reinforced concrete. Mechanical properties and durability of fiber reinforced concrete.

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Glass fiber, Compressive strength, Reinforcement, Concrete, and Workability

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The main purpose of the present study is to find out the level of science achievement among higher secondary school students and compare achievement between; male and female; government, deficit and private schools. This study is very important because, the first National Achievement Survey which was conducted by NCERT in 2015 reported that the average performance of class X students in the State was significantly lower than the National average in Science subject and stated that the need for improvement of 64.8 % in the said subject. Further, it was reported in the study of Regional Plan and Status of Science Education in Schools in North Eastern Region (NER, 2016-17) by NEDFi with IIT Guwahati & Homi Bhabha Centre for Science education, TIFR, Mumbai that the performance of students in Science in the NE region was a cause for concern and the State scored lower than the regional average. Achievement test in Science developed and standardized by Dr SC Gakhar and Dr Rajnish was employed and distributed to 298 students from the government, deficit and private schools. Primary and secondary data were analyzed by using SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 17.0. Level of achievement in Science among higher secondary students was very low, 95.64% fell under below average level. No significant difference in Science achievement was found between female and male students. Moreover, there was no significant difference between government and private school students, but there existed a significant difference between deficit and government as well as deficit and private schools. Students from deficit school outperformed both government and private schools. The author suggested that science teachers should use collaborative-learning activities and social modelling to promote students� interest, motivation, and achievement in science career. Learner-centered teaching-learning methodologies such as activity-based learning and laboratory experiments in Science should be employed to build students attitudes towards Science subject.

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Science education, higher secondary stage, achievement test, National achievement survey

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In several countries the quantity of electric power consumed by the street lighting is extremely high. Though, the influx duration of traffic and presence density at different positions and different locations on road varies depending upon time. If a system is developed such that mechanically increase and decrease the intensity of the lights for those locations of street wherever there's traffic and no traffic, such sort of system could save a large quantity of electricity. Additionally, it's going to conjointly cut back the pollution and increase the life period of time of lamps. In brief the system mechanically monitors and controls the road lights. This paper put forwards the intelligence management of the illumination of the streets, particularly at late night to optimize power consumption. At the moment the traditional street lights replaced with light-emitting diode lights. Street lights to scale back the facility consumption. Another advantage of light-emitting diode lights is that its intensity will be controlled simply. This helps to plan movement detection based control and management of street light. This paper presents a technique to manage the resource consumption of the road lights, it includes dominant the circuit of the road lights with microcontroller, sensors, associate degreed LDR combined with an IOT app that monitors app that monitors its energy consumption and conjointly providing securities through speech recognition system.

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Energy Consumption, sensible Street Lights, Sensors, IOT, Speech Recognition.

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A pastor is a leader of Christian community or congregation who gives advice and counsel to people from the community or congregation and act as the leader of each member of that community. Being the leader of a community the person should meet the biblical characteristics and also have enough awareness about him in terms of abilities, the way of thinking, capabilities etc. Spiritual intelligence helps us to be creative, alter situation and modify rules. It gives a clear idea about how to play with the boundaries which we have. It is a higher dimension of intelligence that activates the qualities and capabilities of the authentic self (or the soul), in the form of wisdom, compassion, integrity, joy, love, creativity and peace. Metacognition refers to the process to plan, monitor and asses ones understanding and performance. The data was collected from 63 participants (31 Non-Ordinated Pastors and 32 Ordinated Pastors) across the state of Kerala. The Spiritual Intelligence Self- report inventory was developed by David B King in 2009 was used to assess the level of Spiritual Intelligence and the Metacognition inventory was developed by Dr. Punitha Govil in 1971 was used to assess the level of metacognition among the participants of the study. The data represented normal distribution, hence Independent Sample t test and Pearson Product Moment Correlation is used for statistical analysis. The result revealed that there is significant difference in the level of Spiritual intelligence among Non-Ordinated Pastors and Ordinated Pastors and there is no significant difference in the level of Metacognition among Non-Ordinated Pastors and Ordinated Pastors. The level of Spiritual Intelligence is positively correlated to the level of Metacognition among Non-Ordinated Pastors and Ordinated Pastors.

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Spiritual Intelligence, Metacognition, Pastors.

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Amavata is one of the chronic diseases mainly affecting the joints with some other constitutional symptoms which make the life of the patient almost crippled and restrict the patient to the bed. It is seen most commonly in the patients due to their changing dietetic habits, social structure, environment and mental stress and strain. It is a Shula Pradhana Vyadhi, the intensity of the pain is high grade among the other diseases. It is not only a disorder of locomotor system but is a systemic disease and is named after its chief pathogenic constituents i.e. Ama and Vata. Rheumatoid Arthritis is a chronic multisystem disease of unknown cause and can be defined as a chronic polyarthritis affecting mainly the more peripheral joints, running a prolonged course with exacerbation and remission and accompanied by a general systemic disturbance. The disease is characterized by swelling of the synovial membrane and periarticular tissues, subchondral osteoporosis, erosion of cartilage and bone and wasting of the associated muscles. The management of rheumatoid arthritis is still in enigma for modern science. Chakrapani was the pioneer of laying down the principle and line of treatment of Amavata. The line of treatment laid down by Chakrapani denotes firstly the Pachan of Ama, then restoration of Agni and finally control of Vata Dosha. The objectives of this study are to understand the clinical presentation, the utility of herbo-mineral compounds in Amavata. 30 cases were selected through random sampling. The patients were treated with hydromineral compounds of Amrit Manjiri and the polyherbal formulation of Maharasnadi Kwath and for 30 days. Out of 30 patients 6.67% patients showed excellent and marked improvement, 36.67% patients showed moderate improvement and 50% patients showed mild improvement. The outcome revealed a better therapeutic efficacy of Amrit Manjiri and Maharasnadi Kwath in the symptom of Amavata and general functional capacity, walking time, grip strength and foot pressure of patients without any adverse effects.

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Amavata, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Amrit Manjiri and Maharasnadi Kwath

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Abstract The present paper deals with the �studies of some herbal religious plants of Budhism�during-2017-19. To document the medicinal and other utility of plants with traditional uses of 05 plants species along with correct botanical identification, local names, past used and mode of administration in respect to different applications. The documented religious plants are mostly used to cure hair loss, treats cough, respiratory health , urine retention, Improves digestion , blood pressure, cold, cough, flu and asthma , Relives menstrual pains and digestive distress.

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Keywords : Herbal Plants, Tulsi, Mint, Methi, Turmeric, Aloe vera.

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�Unity in Diversity� is the identity of sovereign nation India. But the division of Varnas in India ruins this unity. Before this provision of reservation of EWS introduced, untouchability was prevalent in India, in which lower caste people were not given opportunities to participate in higher departments. This provision was introduced by the constituent assembly with an aim to protect the social, political, economic and educational Right of the minorities. The people of India have given the right to equality and thus, this step of the constituent assembly was necessary to be taken for the EWS. The state has taken several appropriate steps in this direction to secure the dignity of the EWS. This provision of reservation has shown it�s positive as well as the negative impact in several years. This paper aims at analyzing the constitutional aspect of the Reservation and its impact on the EWS and a positive aspect of it. In this research paper, the researcher had accumulated secondary information from Journals, Books etc., and the reference of these has been specified further.

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Reservation, Economically Weaker Section, Empowerment

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Social media has turn out to be a critical part of human beings inside the present generation. It has influenced them in many ways. On the one hand, numerous advantages of social media consisting of on line chatting, audio/video calling, reviews sharing, posting images, reading the real time news and advertising is attracting users rapidly. On the opposite hand, excessive use of social media is causing negative influences on mental health like an increase in anxiety, depression, loneliness, and low self-esteem.

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Keywords: Social Media, Mental Health, Mental Illness, Mental Disorder, Cyberbullying, Addiction, Depressi0n.

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Ikat is a dyeing technique wherein dye resistant bindings or substances resisting dye penetration are applied over yarns in pre-determined patterns and then the threads are dyed. The resulting creation after the weaving of the threads would surface in a lyrical colour extravaganza of finesse and precision. Pochampalli Ikat is mainly popularized in the 1800s. There are two types of ikat namely single ikat and double ikat. In single ikat both wrap or weft threads are dyed in pattern and the others are dyed in solid colour. In double ikat both wrap and weft threads are dyed in pattern. In one form or the other, ikat has been made a practical aspect of every culture. There are too many regions where the specific forms of this dye technique is to cover, but rest assured that you�ll find familiar ikat patterns practically everywhere you go in the world. The main objective is to make ikat fabric from recycled plastic bottles. All the waste and unused plastic bottles are recycled making them sustainable. Ten plastic bottles gives us one pound of polyester fibre. The yarn produced after recycling is sent to weavers for making ikat fabric. The savings made by utilizing low-cost raw materials for recycled products are usually completely eaten up by complex collection and preparation processes. The fabric obtained after weaving can be used to make furniture, rugs, curtains, bed sheets and plethora of things in interior architecture. They have been used in furnishing to provide warmth, comfort, protection and decoration. Fabrics are used a great deal in interiors according to style, theme and decor to dramatically alter the appearance of a bare room. Nevertheless, recycling can still generate attractive profits, as customers are increasingly willing to pay higher prices for sustainable and environmentally-friendly products.

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Ikat, Traditional Weaving, Craft, Culture, Sustainable, Interior, Recycling.

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During the COVID-19 pandemic , aerosol generating medical procedures(AGMP) present risks to health care workers due to airborne transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2( SARS-CoV-2).Delaying head and neck oncological surgeries and facial trauma is done with extreme caution .A literature suggests that use of high speed rotating devices during this procedures is potentially AGMP. The aim of this device is to minimize the spread of generated aerosol during the use of rotating instrument like drills and protection of health care worker during COVID-19 pandemic.

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COVID-19 pandemic;Containment Device; Aerosol generation; Head and neck Surgery

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Conventional concrete [ordinary & standard] has basic ingredients: Cement, Aggregate [Coarse and Fine grained] as non-renewable category and Water-as renewable category. The ingredients of non-renewable category have depletion trend and adverse impact on sustainable environment at fast rate along-with huge cost factor. The water though belongs to renewable category, but in limited nature of good quality. The major civil engineering structures, constructed through concrete presently are associated with certain defects like: deformation, crack formation, seepage & leakage, non-durable and less stable within the designed time period. The eco-friendly, economically viable of improved strength and reduced cost based, Waste Materials are available in prevailing Indian socio-environmental set-up as well as in Agricultural & Industrial sectors. Seventeen such waste materials [six of renewable category and eleven of non-renewable category] have been investigated, whose properties are equivalent to ingredients of conventional concrete as Cement, Coarse Aggregate [stone chips] and Fine Aggregate [sand]. The geo-technical characterization of such relevant waste materials have been studied under their physical and strength parameters [index and engineering properities] namely: density, specific gravity, water absorption [%], fineness of modulus, workability, w/c ratio, CBR, compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength, along-with application as improved quality of conventional concrete. The proper utilization of these waste materials under �recycle� is the future of Indian concrete, along-with national mission of Clean Environment & Green Environment.

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Clean Environment & Green Environment,CHARACTERIZATION OF SEVENTEEN WASTE MATERIALS

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In high rise building or multi storey building, soft storey construction is a typical and unavoidable feature because of urbanization and the space occupancy considerations. These provisions reduce the stiffness of the lateral load resisting system and a progressive collapse becomes unavoidable in a severe earthquake for such buildings due to soft storey. This storey level is unable to provide adequate resistance, hence damage and collapse.In the current study the focus is to investigate the effect of a soft storey for multi-storeyed high rise building with different models having identical building plan. Soft storey level is altered at different floors in different models & equivalent static analysis is carried out using ETABs software. This study has been undertaken to study of different location on the seismic behavior of multi-story building, linear dynamic analysis (Response spectrum analysis) in ETABs software is carried out. Different seismic parameters like time period, story shear, and story displacement are checked out.

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Soft Story,ETABS, High rise building

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Plastics are non-biodegradable substances and toxic in nature which creates health hazard. Also result in pollution and global warming. So, plastic waste should be reused to reduce the imminence to the environment. As we know that India is located latitudinally in the northern hemisphere and longitudinally in eastern hemisphere that�s why sunlight reaches here for maximum duration which causes softening of bitumen, to reduce this effect we can use plastic waste with bitumen in road construction to increase its softening point and reduce chances of bleeding. By using shredded plastic with bitumen, can enhance the durability and strength of road. Ordinary mix don�t provide such strength and durability to road. It can also reduce road fatigue. This ingenious technology is economical as well as eco-friendly.

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Plastic Waste, Aggregates, Strength, Bitumen, Road Construction.

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Abstract- The environment defined as that whole outer physical and biological system in which man and other organisms live as a whole, albeit a complicated one with many interacting components. The wise management of that environment depends upon an understanding of those components of its rock, minerals and waters of its present and potential vegetation, of its animal life and potential for livestock husbandry and its climate. A nation�s growth starts from its educational institutions where the ecology is thought as a prime factor of development associated with environment. A clean and healthy environment aids effective learning and provides a conducive learning environment. Educational institutions now a day are becoming more sensitive to environmental factors and more concepts are being introduced to make them eco friendly. Earth Summit Rio 1992, the concept of environmental audit was accepted by many countries. In Indian scenario, very few industries especially educational institutes were inspired. If green audit is enforced in an effective way in the educational institutes then there are many advantages that could be adopted from it. Education aims at drawing out the innate potentialities of every individual. For this purpose, the students undergo the learning process in a systematic order is school, so that there innate qualities are developed. Environment Education is the process of recognizing values and classifying concepts in order to develop skills and attitudes necessary to understand and appreciate the inter relatedness among man, his culture and his biophysical surroundings. Teachers occupy as key position in the educational transformation process by becoming role models to students. Similarly in the Environment Education program, they act as agents for developing proper awareness among students by providing adequate knowledge about environmental issues. The teachers can use the green links of information collected from newspapers or electronic media and relate them to the topic which is being taught. As Environment Education is an interdisciplinary subject, different teachers teaching different subject can relate the concepts taught to the environment. A good teacher can be as friend of the

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Keywords � Environment Management, Green Audit, Awareness, and Human dominated ecosystem, Energy Management, Waste Management.

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Data mining is used to extract useful information from large databases or data warehouses. Data mining algorithms applied in healthcare industry play a significant role in prediction and diagnosis of the diseases. For detecting a disease, the number of tests should be required from the patient. By using the data mining technique, the number of tests can be reduced. Dengue is a threatening disease caused by Girl mosquitos.Dengue is caused by mosquito threatening the world now-a-days. If it is not curated on proper time, it will lead to death. World Health Organization (WHO) reported, dengue is prevalent in more than 81 countries all over the world.

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Dengue, Data mining, Prediction

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In advanced medical diagnosis system, infertility conditions are detected in early stages with high precision. Sperm count in male is one of the major parameter to determine infertility. One of the challenging tasks is to provide clear cut algorithm and instantaneous results. For possible tests on fertility, it is very essential to determine the sperm cell count, volume of the cell, sperm motility, presence of leukocytes and finally the shape of the sperm. Any abnormal condition affects count, shape, movement and volume of the sperm in semen. � Medical conditions like Oligospermia, Aspermia and Hypospermia affect the sperm cell count. Teratospermia indicates the presence of abnormal morphological sperm when observed from microscope. Asthenozoospermia and Necrospermia affect the movement of the sperm. Presence of huge number of leucocytes in seminal fluid affects sperm motility which is termed as leucospermia. Normozoospermia is a terminology given for normal sperm which is normal in appearance and function and it is a normal characteristic exhibited by semen in seminogram. � Finally an embedded system based approach becomes inevitable to detect the anomalous condition and develop an early diagnosis system for infertility and also evolve the conventional microscope on a large-scale

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USB 2.0 camera processor (VC0346), Quadrant 2 MPSOC Sensor, Tablet PC, Microscope

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