Volume 13 | Issue 9

 Abstract

Mental health is a crucial component of overall well-being and significantly influences children's learning, behavior, and development. In recent years, there has been a growing recognition of the importance of promoting mental health at an early age, particularly in school settings, where children spend a significant portion of their developmental years. Globally, mental health problems among children are increasing at an alarming rate. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 10-20% of children and adolescents experience mental disorders, yet these often remain undiagnosed and untreated. Early signs of stress, anxiety, depression, and behavioral issues can significantly affect academic performance, social interactions, and long-term health outcomes. Objectives: To assess the pre-test level of knowledge regarding mental health promotion among children before the Structured Teaching Program. develop and implement a Structured Teaching Program on mental health promotion tailored for school children. assess the post-test level of knowledge regarding mental health promotion among children after the Structured Teaching Program. evaluate the effectiveness of the Structured Teaching Program by comparing pre-test and post-test knowledge scores. Methodology: The research approach was descriptive approach and research design is one group. The study was conducted on adolescent students at selected school of Sasaram. Randomized sample technique adopts. Number of samples is 60 who played the mobile phone games frequently. Data collection was done by the survey by the researcher. Data was analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics came up with following findings Result: The result show of the study is there 60 samples in 6.66% students are mild behavior changes, 60% students are moderate and 33.33% students are severe behavior changes. Statically there is no significant association was found Conclusion: The present study was aimed at assessing the level of behavior change among adolescent students and its consequences. This shows that variables had influence level of behavior change in the study.

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Effectiveness, Teaching Program, Mental Health

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The business landscape is undergoing a significant transformation with the integration of emerging technologies in marketing. Artificial Intelligence (AI), Big Data Analytics, Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR), Blockchain, and Marketing Automation have become critical tools for enhancing customer engagement, improving personalization, and building trust. These technologies are not only reshaping marketing campaigns but also influencing consumer decision-making behavior. This study explores the adoption trends, practical applications, benefits, and challenges of emerging marketing technologies. Data has been gathered through secondary sources such as journals, reports, and market surveys. Findings indicate that businesses embracing these innovations are better positioned to gain a competitive advantage, strengthen customer loyalty, and achieve measurable returns on investment.

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Emerging Technologies, Marketing Innovation, Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, Blockchain, Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality, Marketing Automation, Customer Engagement, Digital Transformation.

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The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems has been accompanied by unprecedented levels of data collection, enabling powerful inference capabilities. While these developments drive innovation and efficiency across sectors, they raise critical concerns about user privacy. This paper explores the risks associated with large-scale data collection and inference in modern AI systems. We examine how extensive datasets can be exploited to uncover sensitive information, leading to privacy breaches, profiling, and potential misuse. Furthermore, we discuss various privacy-preserving techniques and legal frameworks designed to mitigate these risks. This paper highlights current challenges and solutions, contributing to ongoing discussions on safeguarding privacy in the age of AI, emphasizing the need for responsible data handling and transparent AI practices.

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Artificial Intelligence, Privacy Risks, Large-Scale Data Collection, Data Inference, Differential Privacy, Federated Learning, Privacy-Preserving Techniques, Data Protection Regulations

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The access to electricity is one of the basic services and it is vital for the development of all other sectors. To achieve total rural electrification, the Government of India has introduced numerous schemes and projects over the last few decades. In Nagaland, through the communitization process, the responsibility of electricity management in villages is delegated to the user community. As such, it the Village Electricity Management Board (VEMB) that manages, supervises and carry out responsibilities to ensure smooth delivery of power services in every villages. Within this backdrop, the paper attempts to identify the role of village governance in electricity management and aims to find out the activities and actions undertaken by the VEMB and other village governing bodies to facilitate efficient power supply in Nerhema. The data were collected from secondary sources like books, research articles, journals, etc, and interview method was employed to collect primary source of data.

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Local Governance, Electricity, Power Supply, Communitization, Decentralization

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India's banking system differs greatly from other Asian countries due to the nation's distinct geographic, social, and profitable features. India is a country with a sizable population, a vast home, a varied culture, and stark indigenous variations in income. The Indian banking sector stands at a vital juncture, witnessing dynamic metamorphoses amidst a background of technological advancements, non-supervisory reforms, and evolving consumer behaviours. This study explores the Indian banking sector's elaboration, challenges, and openings. It uses an in- depth analysis of secondary data, including periodic reports, literature, and internet coffers. The study concludes that the banking sector has experienced significant metamorphoses due to technological advancements, nonsupervisory reforms, and consumer geste shifts. The Reserve Bank of India regulates operations, while digital technologies, strategic fintech collaborations, and client- centric approaches are current. Despite challenges like non-performing means, technological dislocations, and competition, the sector presents growth openings and requires collaboration between nonsupervisory bodies, fiscal institutions, and stakeholders for adaptability and sustainability.

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Banking Sector, Challenges, Sustainable, openings, Management

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Semisolid cosmetic formulations called facial scrubs are meant to be applied topically to aid in the exfoliation of the stratum corneum, the removal of debris, and the improvement of skin rejuvenation. The formulation and evaluation of a herbal facial scrub that combines skin-beneficial excipients with natural exfoliating agents are the focus of this work. The ingredients like Masoor dal, Ficus religiosa, Mint, Himalayan Pink Salt, Millet, Sunflower, Cinnamon, Charcoal, poppy seeds, fenugreek seeds are used in facial scrub as an exfoliating agent. For mechanical exfoliation, natural abrasives like rice bran, oat husk, and walnut shell powder were used. Skin texture, blood circulation, pores unclogging, and topical product absorption all benefit from regular exfoliation. Natural ingredients are increasingly being used in scrubs due to their biodegradability, safety, and added therapeutic benefits. Conventional scrubs typically contain synthetic exfoliating agents. To improve skin texture and radiance, the formulation makes use of the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties of herbal ingredients.

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Skin, Herbal Face scrub, Exfoliate, Rejuvenation.

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The purpose of the study was to assess the sports Aggression of sports hostel women hockey player, the study was delimited to 20 gadag sports hostel players, purposive sampling method was used to select the subjects for the present study, The age group of the subjects were ranging between 12-16 years. For the study sports aggression questionnaire developed by Anand Kumar and P.S. Shukla was used. The purpose data analysis descriptive statistics were employed to assess the aggression of the hockey players, the sports aggression of the gadag sports hostel women hockey player was found low level of aggression

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Key words: Hockey players, Purposive sampling and Aggression, Descriptive statistics

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Abstract: Professional commitment is widely seen as a key factor affecting teacher effectiveness, student outcomes, and overall school growth. While traditional views define commitment in terms of emotional attachment, loyalty to the organization, or cost-benefit analysis, they often miss its moral and ethical aspects. This paper argues that we should view professional commitment in teaching as a moral concept. It is based on teachers' ethical values, sense of vocation, and social responsibility. By combining theories, philosophy, and education, this paper explores how moral agency, integrity, and ethical reasoning influence teachers' long-term dedication to their work, even when facing systemic challenges. It also suggests a model that treats professional commitment as a moral issue, emphasizing its impact on teacher education, professional growth, and policy decisions. Viewing professional commitment as a moral concept gives a clearer understanding of teaching, recognizing educators as not just skilled workers but also as moral agents shaping the future.

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Professional commitment, moral construct, teacher ethics, vocational calling, moral agency, teacher professionalism

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This paper examines Bengali terracotta artefacts through the analytical lens of product design, arguing that these objects represent a profound synthesis of cultural narrative and material craftsmanship. It posits that the form, function, and aesthetic of these products are not merely decorative but are intrinsically shaped by a triad of factors: deep-rooted cultural imperatives (religious symbolism, folklore, and social documentation), the material constraints and affordances of local river clay, and traditional manufacturing techniques (hand-moulding, coiling, and wood-firing). The research employs a secondary research methodology to deconstruct these artefacts, analysing how design choices--from the intricate narrative panels of Bishnupur temples to the ethnographic realism of Krishnanagar dolls--were solutions to specific functional, symbolic, and production problems. Furthermore, the paper investigates the contemporary challenges of preservation, commercialisation, and technological adaptation, framing them as product design issues concerning sustainability, authenticity, and innovation within a traditional craft ecosystem. The study concludes that Bengali terracotta art offers a vital case study for culturally-grounded design, providing valuable insights for designers seeking to create products that are simultaneously meaningful, manufacturable, and marketable in a global context.

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Terracotta Product Design, Cultural Heritage & Design ,Materiality & Craft ,Traditional Manufacturing Techniques ,Sustainable Design ,Craft Innovation

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Background: Samana Vata is one of the five subtypes of Vata Dosha. It is located near Jatharagni (digestive fire) and circulates throughout the Koshta (gastrointestinal tract). It performs several vital functions, such as stimulating Agni to aid in digestion and facilitating the assimilation of nutrients from ingested food. The primary functions of Samana Vata include AnnaGrahana (food intake), Pachana (digestion), Vivechana (separation of nutrients), and Munchana (expulsion of waste). Additionally, Samana Vata, with the assistance of Prana Vata, helps receive food, while Apana Vata aids in the elimination of waste. It is believed that Samana Vata plays a significant role in digestive physiology. Its functions can be closely correlated with the enteric nervous system, often referred to as the "second brain," along with the parasympathetic and sympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system. Aims and Objectives: To critically analyse the concept of Samana Vata and establish its correlation with modern physiological concepts. Materials and Methods: A literature review was conducted using classical Ayurvedic texts, modern physiology textbooks, research articles, and databases such as Google Scholar and PubMed. Conclusion: Samana Vata plays a crucial role in activating Agni, thereby facilitating digestion, absorption, and the separation of nutrients from waste. According to Acharya's, the functions of Samana Vata closely align with the physiological activities of the enteric nervous system. Moreover, it shares similarities with certain aspects of the autonomic nervous system.

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Samana Vata, Jatharagni, Anna Grahana, Pachana, Vivechana, Munchana, Enteric nervous system, Parasympathetic, Sympathetic nervous system.

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Quantum computing presents a transformative opportunity for industrial economies. This paper analyses the strategic opportunity for Indian industry--focusing on Andhra Pradesh under the 'Viksit Andhra 2047' roadmap--to harness quantum technologies for economic growth, competitiveness and resilience. Using comparative case studies from the United States, China and the European Union, sectoral deep-dives (pharmaceuticals, agriculture/logistics, financial services, and energy/climate), and applied economic projections, the article maps policy, institutional and investment pathways to unlock quantum-driven value. Key recommendations cover the establishment of quantum industrial zones, workforce development, public-private partnerships, and phased investment milestones. Empirical projections suggest that targeted quantum adoption across priority sectors could contribute an incremental 2-4% to Andhra Pradesh GSDP by 2035 and create 80,000-150,000 direct and indirect jobs by 2035 under a proactive policy stance.

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Quantum computing; Andhra Pradesh; Viksit Andhra 2047; National Quantum Mission; industrial policy; Applied economics

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The Rohingya refugee crisis is one of the most pressing humanitarian issues in the world today. The Rohingya, a Muslim minority group from Myanmar, have faced decades of discrimination, statelessness, and violence. In 2017, a military crackdown forced hundreds of thousands to flee to neighboring Bangladesh, where they now live in overcrowded refugee camps with limited access to food, education, and healthcare. This abstract highlights the causes of the crisis, the daily struggles faced by refugees, and the lack of a strong international response. It emphasizes the urgent need for global attention, protection of human rights, and long-term solutions for the Rohingya people.

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Rohingya Refugees: A Crisis the World Can't Ignore

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ABSTRACT This study investigates the effects of oxygen supplementation on heart rate recovery in National and International judokas following a Judo bout. A total of 40 judokas (20 National and 20 International) were tested under two recovery conditions: Normal recovery and Oxygen supplementation. Heart rate was recorded immediately after the bout, 3 minutes post-bout, and 5 minutes post-bout. The data were analyzed using Independent Samples t-tests to compare recovery between the two groups. Results indicated that both groups experienced reduced heart rate recovery with oxygen supplementation, but International judokas exhibited a more pronounced reduction. At all time points, National judokas showed higher heart rates than International judokas, suggesting that cardiovascular conditioning influences recovery efficiency. Oxygen supplementation was particularly beneficial for the International group, emphasizing the importance of fitness levels in optimizing recovery strategies. These findings provide insights into individualized recovery protocols, suggesting that oxygen supplementation could be a valuable tool for accelerating recovery, particularly in athletes with higher cardiovascular fitness.

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KEYWORDS Oxygen supplementation, heart rate recovery, judokas, National judokas, International judokas, cardiovascular fitness, recovery strategies, Judo, aerobic metabolism, recovery efficiency.

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Mosquito-borne diseases pose serious health risks to millions of people worldwide, as mosquitoes act as vectors for several deadly communicable diseases such as malaria, filariasis, dengue, and yellow fever. The widespread use of conventional chemical insecticides to control mosquito populations has led to the emergence of biological resistance in these vectors, along with significant adverse environmental impacts. In response, recent years have witnessed increasing research efforts focused on developing eco-friendly, plant-based alternatives particularly neem-based products for mosquito control. Neem oil, extracted from the seeds of Azadirachta indica A. (commonly known as neem), has emerged as a promising botanical insecticide effective against a wide range of medically and veterinary important mosquito species. It is environmentally friendly, biodegradable, and exhibits target-specific action. Neem oil contains several biologically active compounds, primarily limonoids such as azadirachtin A, nimbin, salannin, and many others yet to be fully characterized. Among these, azadirachtin is the most potent and is chiefly responsible for the insecticidal activity. The efficacy of neem oil is largely dependent on its azadirachtin content, which in turn is influenced by the method of extraction and formulation.Neem oil can be applied directly or used in advanced formulations such as nanoemulsions, nanoparticles, or effervescent tablets. When introduced into natural mosquito breeding habitats, it acts through multiple mechanisms as an ovicide, larvicide, pupicide, and oviposition repellent. These effects are achieved by disrupting key physiological pathways in mosquito larvae or inducing physical deformities that hinder development. However, direct use of neem oil may have limitations, particularly its degradation under atmospheric conditions, which can reduce its effectiveness. Despite this, several formulations have demonstrated environmental stability and prolonged efficacy. Additionally, neem seed cake a byproduct of neem oil extraction has also shown mosquitocidal activity. One of the greatest advantages of neem-based products is their low potential for resistance development in target species, primarily due to the complex mixture of active compounds and their synergistic actions. This makes neem and its derivatives promising yet underexplored candidates for sustainable mosquito control. Objective: This study aims to formulate and evaluate herbal mosquito repellent sticks using powders of Azadirachta indica (Neem), Ocimum sanctum (Tulasi),and Cinnamomum verum (Cinnamon) and to assess their physical, combustion, and repellent properties. MethodsTen herbal formulations were developed using different combinations of plant-based powders and natural excipients. Each formulation was evaluated based on its physical appearance, moisture content, potential for irritation, suffocating effect, ash value, burning time, smoke visibility, and mosquito repellency across various indoor environments. Results: Plants as sources of mosquito control agents Throughout history, plants have been recognized as significant sources of chemicals that may be used to control insects. They are the sources of the naturally occurring insecticidal and larvicidal substances such as nicotine and its derivatives present in pyrethrum extract (Azadirachta indica A. Ocimum sanctum (Tulasi),and Cinnamomum verum (Cinnamon). The invention of the structurally similar synthetic pyrethroid, nicotinoid, and rotenoid families of insecticides, as well as the piperonyl butoxide synergist, was based on these and other naturally occurring insect repellents. Conclusion: The developed herbal sticks showed promising potential as natural, non-toxic mosquito repellents. Their effectiveness, safety, and eco-friendly nature position them as viable alternatives to chemical repellents. Further field trials and phytochemical standardization are recommended.

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Azadirachta indica. A; Eco-friendly mosquito control; Larvicide; Mosquito repellent; Neem oil formulations.

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Background: Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is the most prevalent gynaecological condition among reproductive-age women, with prevalence rates up to 90%. Severe pain interferes with daily functioning in 20-50% of cases, causing absenteeism and a significant socioeconomic burden. Conventional pharmacological treatments, including NSAIDs and hormonal contraceptives, provide only partial relief for many patients and are associated with adverse effects, prompting growing interest in complementary approaches such as acupuncture and moxibustion. Objective: To synthesize clinical efficacy, safety, treatment protocols, and mechanistic insights of acupuncture-related therapies for PD from 1980 to mid-2025, thereby informing clinical practice and guiding future research. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, PMC, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov identified studies published between January 1980 and July 2025. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and mechanistic investigations involving human participants with PD. Data were extracted on study design, interventions, outcomes, and adverse events. Methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias 2 tool, and evidence certainty was evaluated with GRADE criteria. Results: A total of 78 studies were included: 55 RCTs (~4,500 participants), 15 systematic reviews/meta-analyses, and 8 mechanistic studies. Early RCTs suggested promising effects but were limited by small sample sizes and inconsistent protocols. More recent multicentred trials demonstrated significant reductions in pain intensity (VAS ? 3.1-4.2 vs <=1.1 in sham; p<0.001), improvements in menstrual symptom scores, and enhanced quality of life. Meta-analyses further confirmed acupuncture's superiority over no treatment and, in some cases, NSAIDs. Mechanistic studies identified multiple pathways, including prostaglandin suppression (COX-2/mPGES-1), upregulation of endogenous opioids, autonomic nervous system modulation, and functional neuroplasticity in pain-related brain regions. Across studies, adverse events were mild (minor bleeding, soreness, dizziness), with no serious complications reported. Conclusions: Acupuncture, electroacupuncture, wrist-ankle acupuncture, and moxibustion are safe, well-tolerated, and effective interventions for PD, Some trials and meta-analyses suggest that acupuncture may achieve pain reductions approaching those seen with NSAIDs, although the certainty of evidence varies. Standardization of treatment protocols is improving, though methodological heterogeneity and limited evidence on long-term outcomes remain challenges. Future large-scale RCTs with extended follow-up, dose-response evaluation, cost-effectiveness analyses, and integration of omics-based mechanistic approaches are warranted to refine guidelines and facilitate the broader integration of acupuncture-based therapies into mainstream PD management.

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Primary Dysmenorrhea, Acupuncture, Electro Acupuncture, Wrist Ankle Acupuncture, Pain Management, Moxibustion, Complementary and Integrative medicine.

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Education at the higher secondary level plays a vital role in shaping both academic achievement and social development. Economics, as a subject, demands analytical reasoning as well as collaborative and interpersonal skills. However, traditional teacher-centered approaches often fail to provide opportunities for interaction and cooperation. The present study was undertaken to examine the effectiveness of cooperative learning strategies on the academic achievement and social skills of average achievers in Economics among higher secondary school students. The study adopted an experimental method with a pre-test-post-test control group design. Two groups of students (N = 100) were selected, each consisting of equal numbers of low, average, and high achievers. The control group was taught using conventional lecture-based methods, while the experimental group received instruction through cooperative learning techniques such as Jigsaw, Group Investigation, and Think-Pair-Share over a three-month period. Data were collected using an achievement test in Economics and a social skills questionnaire. Analysis using the t-test revealed that the experimental group average achievers performed significantly better in Economics achievement compared to the control group. Gender-wise analysis further indicated that both male and female students in the experimental group outperformed their counterparts in academic achievement. While no significant overall difference was observed in social skills between groups, gender-specific analysis showed that experimental group students exhibited better social skills than the control group. The findings confirm that cooperative learning is an effective instructional strategy for enhancing achievement and fostering social skills among average achievers in Economics.

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Cooperative Learning, Social Skills, Average Achievers, Economics Education, Higher Secondary School Students.

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This study explores creativity-fostering behavior among English Postgraduate Assistants in Thoothukudi District, examining differences across gender, school locality, type, and management. Using Cropley's (1997) self-rating scale, data were collected from 84 teachers and analyzed through t-tests and F-tests. Results revealed significant gender differences in the dimensions of Encouragement of Independence and Encouragement of Originality, with male teachers reporting higher levels. However, no significant differences were found concerning locality, school type, or management, suggesting equitable practices in these contexts. Moderate mean scores across dimensions such as motivation and integration indicate the need for enhanced strategies to strengthen collaboration, innovation, and emotional well-being. The study emphasizes the importance of professional development, recognition of creative teaching practices, and supportive policies to reduce gender gaps and foster originality. Recommendations highlight empowering teacher autonomy, promoting collaboration, enhancing motivation, and providing emotional support to create more innovative and inclusive learning environments.

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Creativity-fostering behavior English teachers Teacher autonomy Originality in teaching Gender differences Motivation Integration Emotional support Professional development Thoothukudi District

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This paper is about the women's conditions during the post-independence era discussed by Manju Kapur in A Married Woman. The novel is an exploration of women's lives and their relationship with other family members, tradition vs modernity, women vs women, changing roles of women and dominance of patriarchy. The story revolves around Ashta, a strong and determined woman. She suffers to be recognised in private and at public places for her individual identity, autonomy and dignity. Her resistance is against being misrecognized due to assigned gender roles and the patriarchal system of the society. She aspires to subvert the patriarchal ideologies, social norms and conventional values of family. It appears that Kapur aims to inspect how patriarchal systems, social and political norms regulate the concept of misrecognition of a woman's identity.

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Manju Kapur, misrecognition, recognition, patriarchy, identity.

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Human-AI systems are rapidly permeating high-stakes domains, yet many deployments remain technology-driven rather than human-centered. This paper proposes a comprehensive framework for Human-Centered Human-AI Interaction (HC-HAII) that integrates co-design, risk management, adaptive personalization, feedback loops, and transparent governance across the full system lifecycle. We introduce CRAFT-Loop, a practical end-to-end methodology that operationalizes five core principles--Co-creation, Risk & ethics by design, Adaptivity, Feedback learning, and Transparency & accountability--embedded within a continuous Loop of monitoring and improvement. The paper contributes: (1) a conceptual synthesis of HC-HAII foundations; (2) a gap analysis of current practice; (3) the CRAFT-Loop framework with concrete artefacts, processes, and checklists; (4) an evaluation protocol that combines human-factors metrics, algorithmic audits, and field experimentation; and (5) three detailed, domain-grounded study designs (clinical decision support, AI tutoring, and public-benefits advising). We further outline implementation patterns, statistical analysis plans, governance controls, and risk mitigations. The result is a rigorous, reproducible pathway for building AI that centers human dignity, agency, and societal value while achieving measurable performance and safety.

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Human-AI interaction, co-design, AI governance, trust calibration, participatory design, algorithmic transparency, fairness, evaluation.

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