Volume 13 | Issue 9

 Abstract

This research was carried out to enhance library services at the L.N. Mithila University Library through the application of management functions. The objective of this study is to assess library management's role in improving services at the L.N. Mithila University Library. The research employs qualitative methods, utilizing observation, interviews, and document analysis for data collection. The findings indicate that the effectiveness of a college library service is influenced by the satisfaction and appropriateness of library users, who are both consumers and providers of information needs. High-quality service is likely to attract visitors and enhance the library's role as an information hub. Essentially, the quality indicators of library services are intrinsically linked to the impact of management functions integrated into library management, which include planning, organizing, directing, and controlling. Library management involves the organization and administration of the library concerning human resources, systems, information sources, service functions, and overall library operations to achieve set objectives. The L.N. Mithila University Library has currently adopted library management practices in line with established management processes and functions, as outlined in policies and standard operating procedures for each service. While these practices have been implemented and are functioning effectively, the application of library management is an ongoing process that continues to evolve, with improvements in planning, organizing, directing, and controlling to meet established goals.

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 Keywords

Library services, Library management, Library operations, Improvements, Organizational goals.

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This research paper explains the differences of the character, Spider-Man, across eight cinematic adaptations - Spider-Man (2002), Spider-Man 2 (2004), Spider-Man 3 (2007), The Amazing Spider-Man (2012), The Amazing Spider-Man 2 (2014), Spider-Man: Homecoming (2017), Spider-Man: Far From Home (2019), and Spider-Man: No Way Home (2021). Using the frameworks of adaptation theory and intertextuality, the study shows how each film portrays the core identity of Spider-Man while considering different cultural contexts, movie trends, and audience expectations. Through comparative analysis, the paper identifies thematic, narrative, and performative differences in the portrayal of Peter Parker, highlighting the unique directorial works of Sam Raimi, Marc Webb, and Jon Watts. Adaptive theory helps trace how source materials like comic texts - are transformed for different cinematic eras, While in intertextuality, when we look at how different versions of Spider-Man are created, we see that each new one changes from the older ones. This creates a larger story about the character's development. Ultimately, Spider-Man isn't just a superhero; he's a symbol whose changing identity shows how society and storytelling have evolved over time, reflecting different generations and beliefs.

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adaptation, intertextuality, superhero, identity, generations.

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The rationale of this research on customer satisfaction will assist us to know the requirements and the Wants of the customers over credit cards. The significance of credit card usage in online shopping is very crucial and plays a significant role in the economy of one country. The research might give relevant and timely facts on the preference level of customer with respect to credit card. Since the aims of this research are to examine the customer satisfaction and to determine the consumer preference towards the usage of credit cards, 150 customers were taken, and received the different responses according to the questionnaire method.

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 Keywords

Credit card, Customer satisfaction, Customer preference, Online purchasing.

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The tax system in digital era has arisen as a transformative force, reforming the scenery of tax collection, reporting, and administration. Digitalization involves the integration of technology and digital tools to streamline traditionally labor-intensive processes. It enables efficiency gains through automated data entry, real-time validation, and precise calculations, resulting in faster processing times. This not only reduces delays--such as in tax refunds--but also alleviates the administrative burden on taxpayers. Additionally, shifting to digital platforms substantially lowers costs associated with paper-based documentation, physical storage, and manual labour. The digitalisation of the tax system in India marks a significant shift towards greater efficiency, transparency, and compliance in public finance management. This study explores the evolution, implementation, and impact of digital tax initiatives undertaken by the Indian government, including the introduction of the Goods and Services Tax (GST), e-filing of income tax returns, the Tax Information Network (TIN), and the adoption of faceless assessment systems. Through a combination of policy analysis and secondary data review, the research evaluates the effectiveness of these digital tools in reducing tax evasion, improving taxpayer services, and enhancing revenue collection. It also highlights challenges such as digital literacy, cybersecurity risks, and infrastructural limitations that hinder widespread adoption. The study concludes with recommendations to strengthen the digital tax ecosystem through policy refinement, stakeholder education, and technological upgrades to ensure an inclusive and robust tax administration framework in India.

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Tax, Digitalization, tax administration, e-filing, tax evasion.

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Capital adequacy means that banks keep enough capital money to protect themselves from losses and stay safe. Using data from different small finance banks, this research examines how having more or less capital changes the number and type of loans small finance banks provide. The study finds that small finance banks with more capital are careful when giving loans and manage risks better also small finance banks with less capital may give fewer loans, which can affect economic growth. This study shows that having strong rules about how much capital banks must keep is very important.

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Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Bank Lending, Financial Stability, Bank Capital.

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Polymorphic light eruption is the most common form of immunologically mediated photosensitivity dermatoses. The following case report is of polymorphus light eruption which is a type of photodermatoses in 49 -year- old female. She was treated successfully with homoeopathic treatment which took around 2 years . This report illustrate successful treatment of polymorphus light eruption with homoeopathy.

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A CASE STUDY FOR TREATMENT OF POLYMORPHUS LIGHT ERUPTION WITH HOMOEOPATHY

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The history of technology is as old as the history of global society. The invention of the computer is an electronic device of new technology. The computers are a necessary and essential part of human life far and wide. In this new invention of technology, all possible crime committed in the computer is generally known as cyber-crime. The cyber-crime is computer-centric crime. This crime is associated with computer network. This crime is one of the most complex and critical problem in the digital age which is affecting individuals, organizations and government works. With the rapid growth of science, technology and internet aperture, criminal activities like hacking, phishing, ransom ware, cyber stalking, and financial frauds have desperately increased. This research paper aims to analyze the nature, forms and causes of cyber-crime and also to highlight the preventive measures, and technological of safeguards designed to take up against cyber-crime and to raise awareness in today's world. It also highlights that through awareness we can protect all their personal data in the online world.

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Technology, Computer, Cyber, Crime, Hacking, Phishing

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This study examines a new trend in which students from Madhiapali, a small village in the Balangir district of Odisha, India, are pursuing higher education with in the inter District of Odisha. Balangir has historically faced significant economic hardships and witnessed substantial outmigration for employment opportunities, yet currently there's a growing trend of students pursuing international education. This study offers an in-depth analysis of the motivations behind student departures, examining their personal circumstances and the obstacles they face. The study uses interviews, surveys, and group discussions to gather information. It finds that several factors are pushing students to leave, like the lack of good education facilities in their home village, influence from friends, exposure to the world, and the belief that studying abroad can bring better economic opportunities. The research also looks at how family support, teachers, social media, and scholarships help students make the move. The findings show that there is a change in what young people in rural areas hope for, with studying abroad becoming a way to overcome old barriers. However, the study also points out problems like money troubles, feeling out of place in a new culture, and the possibility of coming back home. This research contributes to ongoing discussions regarding educational migration from India's rural regions and emphasizes the need for developing policies that promote local growth while supporting individual aspirations.

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Educational Infrastructure Gaps, Education and Migration Nexus, Social Media Influence on Migration, Odisha Migration Patterns, Emerging Migration Corridors, Micro- Level Migration Study.

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Background: Post-stroke hemiplegia leads to severe motor deficits and impairment in activities of daily living (ADL). Scalp acupuncture has shown promise as a neuro-rehabilitative adjunct, potentially enhancing recovery when combined with physiotherapy. Physiotherapy forms the backbone of stroke rehabilitation, employing early, task-oriented, and individualized interventions to maximize neuroplasticity and restore motor function. Recent studies confirm that intensive and multimodal physiotherapy not only accelerates gains in strength, coordination, and daily living skills but also reduces post-stroke complications, enhancing quality of life and long-term independence for survivors. Objective: To report the effectiveness of a combined scalp acupuncture and physiotherapy protocol (task-specific training) on motor recovery and ADL in a 58-year-old man with left hemiplegia secondary to right middle cerebral artery infarct. Methods: The patient, with a history of hypertension and a 2-week-old ischemic stroke, underwent a 21-day intervention: daily scalp acupuncture (MS6, MS7, MS9, GV20; 30 min) and daily physiotherapy (30 min to 45 min). Outcomes included the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), Barthel Index (BI), upper/lower limb power, muscle spasticity (Modified Ashworth Scale), grip strength, and gait, measured at baseline, weeks 1-4. Results: Substantial improvements were observed over four weeks: FMA increased from 24 to 51, BI from 30 to 70, upper limb power from 1 to 3, lower limb power from 2 to 4, spasticity improved from grade 2 to 0, grip strength from 3.2 to 9.4 kg, and gait ability from 0 to 4. No adverse effects occurred. Conclusion: This case demonstrates that a combined scalp acupuncture and physiotherapy approach can markedly improve motor function and ADLs in subacute post-stroke hemiplegia. Such integrative protocols warrant further study in controlled trials.

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 Keywords

Stroke, Physiotherapy, Physical therapy, Rehabilitation, Post-stroke hemiplegia, Neuroplasticity, Scalp Acupuncture, Motor recovery

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This study explores the impact of a six-week High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) program on grip strength among male judokas aged 18 to 25. Twelve state-level athletes were selected from the Lakshmibai National Institute of Physical Education (LNIPE), Guwahati, and randomly divided into experimental (n = 6) and control (n = 6) groups. The experimental group underwent HIIT combined with regular judo training, while the control group followed only the standard routine. Grip strength was measured using a handheld dynamometer before and after the intervention. The results revealed a statistically significant increase in grip strength in the experimental group (p < 0.001), while the control group did not demonstrate notable changes (p = 0.076). These findings suggest that integrating HIIT into judo training programs can effectively enhance grip strength, which is a crucial component of judo performance. The study highlights the practical value of HIIT as a focused and time-efficient method for developing grappling strength in combat sports.

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High-Intensity Interval Training, Grip Strength, Judokas, Judo Conditioning, Strength Development, Combat Sports

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 Abstract

Gender bias is a pervasive issue that affects individuals and societies across the globe. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of gender bias, exploring its historical roots, Manifestations in various domains, psychological underpinnings, and socioeconomic impacts. Gender bias remains a pervasive issue across various spheres of life, including the workplace, Education, healthcare, and media. This paper seeks to examine the prevalence, underlying Causes and far-reaching consequences of gender bias. Through an analysis of empirical studies and theoretical frameworks, the paper explores how gender bias manifests in different Contexts, its impact on individuals and society, and potential strategies for mitigation. The discussion underscores the importance of addressing gender bias to promote equality and social justice. The paper will also examine strategies for mitigation and provide recommendations for future research and policy-making.

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Key words: Gender bias, Psychological unpacking its manifestations, education, workplace, media representation, intersectionally, impacts and mitigation strategies.

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Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by selective degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and oxidative stress-mediated cellular damage. The present study aimed to evaluate the in-vitro anti-Parkinson's activity of ethanolic pod extract of Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) using a neurotoxicity cell culture model. Phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolics, and saponins, which are known for their antioxidant and neuroprotective potential. In vitro neurotoxicity was induced in cultured neuronal cells using 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), and the protective effect of the extract was assessed through cell viability (MTT assay), intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and morphological analysis. Treatment with the extract significantly improved cell viability, reduced oxidative stress, and preserved neuronal morphology in a dose-dependent manner when compared with the toxic control. The findings suggest that the ethanolic pod extract of Cyamopsis tetragonoloba possesses promising neuroprotective potential, possibly due to its antioxidant phytoconstituents, and may serve as a natural lead for developing adjunct therapy against Parkinson's disease.

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Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, Parkinson's disease, neuroprotection, oxidative stress, cell culture.

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Climate is an indispensable part of nature as well as human behavior. The thoughts, the discourses, the culture , the social life of mankind - are all dictated by the climatic factors. Much of those cultural aspects are reflected in the writings of a particular region . Literature being a glance of the human life also encapsulates the nature around man in its writings. The writings of Tripura echoes the climatic factors that influences it's culture. The Bengali poets of Tripura found the same inclination towards nature. Being a land of tribal inhabitants, the nature assumes to them as a mystical and mythical epitome. Nature is not just an ecological component or a backdrop but are living retrospection of their everyday life. Those poets not only just praise nature, but makes it a part of their own. This paper will look into those texts from an eco-critical perspective using Eco-criticism as a methodology. It will look into the eco-consciousness among the writers and their concerns for the climate. The paper will examine how climate in those writings gets personified, how the Moon becomes more than a celestial body, how the seasons become human emotions and how the climate gets incorporated in the writing culture of Bengali poets from Tripura. A descriptive method will be applied to study the selected poems and trace out how the ecology and climate has incorporated in the lifestyle of the people.

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Climate, Culture, Tripura, Eco criticism, Bengali Poems.

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 Abstract

Women and culture are intricately linked, as culture plays a significant role in shaping generations to come. The role of women in preserving the culture as lived experiences is monumental. Despite so many lacunas and disparities in gender, women artists continue to shape the artistic panorama and contribute significantly to the rich and varied heritage of our nation. Women in Indian diaspora have historically acted as a preserver of culture and identity by portraying themselves and their culture through medium of arts and craft. The present paper also presents the various art forms practiced by women in UT of Jammu and Kashmir such as Parolaa art, preservation of Dogri script Takri, artistic Basohli painting styles of Nainsukh and painting Nayikas on small wooden blocks called Basohli miniatures, the beautiful craft of making Binna Straw Mats: A Local Craft of Jammu, visual artists and painters of Kashmir, mural artists, different embroidery forms like tilla, work of fardhs and shawls. The objective of the present paper attempts to shed light on ; firstly, identifying various women artists in UT of Jammu and Kashmir and secondly, significant contributions of women artists as custodians of culture and as culture heroes in UT of Jammu and Kashmir in fostering cultural development and aims to put forth that preservation of cultural heritage by means of art and craft so as to achieve the goals of cultural sustainability, which is an essential element of sustainable development. The present research paper attempt to put forward the magnitude and capacity of women artists as guardians of culture in instilling the sense of rootedness towards art forms and our culture.

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Culture Custodians, Women Artists and Cultural Heritage

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Mental health is a crucial component of overall well-being and significantly influences children's learning, behavior, and development. In recent years, there has been a growing recognition of the importance of promoting mental health at an early age, particularly in school settings, where children spend a significant portion of their developmental years. Globally, mental health problems among children are increasing at an alarming rate. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 10-20% of children and adolescents experience mental disorders, yet these often remain undiagnosed and untreated. Early signs of stress, anxiety, depression, and behavioral issues can significantly affect academic performance, social interactions, and long-term health outcomes. Objectives: To assess the pre-test level of knowledge regarding mental health promotion among children before the Structured Teaching Program. develop and implement a Structured Teaching Program on mental health promotion tailored for school children. assess the post-test level of knowledge regarding mental health promotion among children after the Structured Teaching Program. evaluate the effectiveness of the Structured Teaching Program by comparing pre-test and post-test knowledge scores. Methodology: The research approach was descriptive approach and research design is one group. The study was conducted on adolescent students at selected school of Sasaram. Randomized sample technique adopts. Number of samples is 60 who played the mobile phone games frequently. Data collection was done by the survey by the researcher. Data was analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics came up with following findings Result: The result show of the study is there 60 samples in 6.66% students are mild behavior changes, 60% students are moderate and 33.33% students are severe behavior changes. Statically there is no significant association was found Conclusion: The present study was aimed at assessing the level of behavior change among adolescent students and its consequences. This shows that variables had influence level of behavior change in the study.

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Effectiveness, Teaching Program, Mental Health

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The business landscape is undergoing a significant transformation with the integration of emerging technologies in marketing. Artificial Intelligence (AI), Big Data Analytics, Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR), Blockchain, and Marketing Automation have become critical tools for enhancing customer engagement, improving personalization, and building trust. These technologies are not only reshaping marketing campaigns but also influencing consumer decision-making behavior. This study explores the adoption trends, practical applications, benefits, and challenges of emerging marketing technologies. Data has been gathered through secondary sources such as journals, reports, and market surveys. Findings indicate that businesses embracing these innovations are better positioned to gain a competitive advantage, strengthen customer loyalty, and achieve measurable returns on investment.

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Emerging Technologies, Marketing Innovation, Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, Blockchain, Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality, Marketing Automation, Customer Engagement, Digital Transformation.

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The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems has been accompanied by unprecedented levels of data collection, enabling powerful inference capabilities. While these developments drive innovation and efficiency across sectors, they raise critical concerns about user privacy. This paper explores the risks associated with large-scale data collection and inference in modern AI systems. We examine how extensive datasets can be exploited to uncover sensitive information, leading to privacy breaches, profiling, and potential misuse. Furthermore, we discuss various privacy-preserving techniques and legal frameworks designed to mitigate these risks. This paper highlights current challenges and solutions, contributing to ongoing discussions on safeguarding privacy in the age of AI, emphasizing the need for responsible data handling and transparent AI practices.

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Artificial Intelligence, Privacy Risks, Large-Scale Data Collection, Data Inference, Differential Privacy, Federated Learning, Privacy-Preserving Techniques, Data Protection Regulations

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The access to electricity is one of the basic services and it is vital for the development of all other sectors. To achieve total rural electrification, the Government of India has introduced numerous schemes and projects over the last few decades. In Nagaland, through the communitization process, the responsibility of electricity management in villages is delegated to the user community. As such, it the Village Electricity Management Board (VEMB) that manages, supervises and carry out responsibilities to ensure smooth delivery of power services in every villages. Within this backdrop, the paper attempts to identify the role of village governance in electricity management and aims to find out the activities and actions undertaken by the VEMB and other village governing bodies to facilitate efficient power supply in Nerhema. The data were collected from secondary sources like books, research articles, journals, etc, and interview method was employed to collect primary source of data.

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Local Governance, Electricity, Power Supply, Communitization, Decentralization

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India's banking system differs greatly from other Asian countries due to the nation's distinct geographic, social, and profitable features. India is a country with a sizable population, a vast home, a varied culture, and stark indigenous variations in income. The Indian banking sector stands at a vital juncture, witnessing dynamic metamorphoses amidst a background of technological advancements, non-supervisory reforms, and evolving consumer behaviours. This study explores the Indian banking sector's elaboration, challenges, and openings. It uses an in- depth analysis of secondary data, including periodic reports, literature, and internet coffers. The study concludes that the banking sector has experienced significant metamorphoses due to technological advancements, nonsupervisory reforms, and consumer geste shifts. The Reserve Bank of India regulates operations, while digital technologies, strategic fintech collaborations, and client- centric approaches are current. Despite challenges like non-performing means, technological dislocations, and competition, the sector presents growth openings and requires collaboration between nonsupervisory bodies, fiscal institutions, and stakeholders for adaptability and sustainability.

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Banking Sector, Challenges, Sustainable, openings, Management

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Semisolid cosmetic formulations called facial scrubs are meant to be applied topically to aid in the exfoliation of the stratum corneum, the removal of debris, and the improvement of skin rejuvenation. The formulation and evaluation of a herbal facial scrub that combines skin-beneficial excipients with natural exfoliating agents are the focus of this work. The ingredients like Masoor dal, Ficus religiosa, Mint, Himalayan Pink Salt, Millet, Sunflower, Cinnamon, Charcoal, poppy seeds, fenugreek seeds are used in facial scrub as an exfoliating agent. For mechanical exfoliation, natural abrasives like rice bran, oat husk, and walnut shell powder were used. Skin texture, blood circulation, pores unclogging, and topical product absorption all benefit from regular exfoliation. Natural ingredients are increasingly being used in scrubs due to their biodegradability, safety, and added therapeutic benefits. Conventional scrubs typically contain synthetic exfoliating agents. To improve skin texture and radiance, the formulation makes use of the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties of herbal ingredients.

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Skin, Herbal Face scrub, Exfoliate, Rejuvenation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition