Volume 13 | Issue 9

 Abstract

This research study examines the impact that overconfidence bias and loss aversion of investors have on their investment decisions. Under behavioral finance, cognitive biases have been proven to lead to less-than-ideal decision making outcomes for investors. Overconfidence bias and loss aversion, which are characterized by an optimistic and conservative approach respectively, seemingly tend to pull investors in opposite directions. A juxtaposed analysis can offer a more nuanced understanding of the interrelation of such biases and the subsequent effect of psychological aspects on investment decisions. The study focused on young adults in the district of Ernakulam in Kerala, aged from 18 to 30 years. Key findings suggested overconfidence bias to be strongly associated with an increased level of risk tolerance among investors. In contrast, investors exhibiting loss aversion tended to be less risk tolerant than others. This research contributes to the existing literature on the influence of cognitive biases and heuristics on investment decisions by examining investor behaviour and risk attitude in the cultural and socio-economic context of Kerala while providing nuanced insights into how community influences, regional norms, and financial practices shape such tendencies.

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 Keywords

Overconfidence Bias, Loss Aversion, Investment Risk Tolerance, Cognitive Biases, Behavioral Finance, Investment Behavior

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The Viksit Bharat vision focuses on inclusive development, in the context of which digital empowerment is a major cornerstone of the socio-economic development. The elderly citizens are one of the most susceptible targets in this digital transition as they are usually challenged by technological literacy, access, and trust towards the digital platforms. The chapter discusses the importance of digital literacy in empowering the elderly, particularly by increasing their capacity to embrace and successfully utilize mobile payment applications and associated digital products and services. The study by relying on secondary sources and empirical insights explores the way digital literacy programs can reduce the generation gap in technology adoption, enhance financial inclusion, and the quality of life of the elderly. The results indicate that the elderly people are becoming more enlightened on the advantages of digital tools, but the lack of skills and confidence is still a critical challenge. Enhancing digital literacy by providing specific training, easy-to-use technologies and favourable policies is thus important.

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Viksit Bharat, Mobile payment, Digital literacy, Elderly people.

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The maxillary central incisors are the teeth most commonly impacted by traumatic dental injuries, which are common in children and teenagers. Crown fractures, particularly Ellis Class III involving the pulp, not only compromise function and esthetics but also have psychological and social implications. The management of such cases requires a balance between durability, conservation of tooth structure, and esthetic outcome. This case report presents the management of an Ellis Class III fracture in a 12-year-old male patient using endodontic treatment followed by fiber-reinforced post and core restoration and a provisional polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) crown. Fiber posts were selected over standard metal posts because of their optimal stress distribution, reduced chairside time, improved aesthetics, and modulus of elasticity comparable to dentin. The treatment resulted in excellent esthetic and functional rehabilitation, demonstrating that fiber-reinforced posts provide a predictable, conservative, and patient-friendly option in the management of complicated anterior crown fractures in young patients.

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 Keywords

Ellis Class III fracture, traumatic dental injury, fiber post, post and core, esthetic dentistry, pediatric dentistry, anterior crown fracture.

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The expansion of the gig economy has emerged as a defining feature of labor market transformation in India, offering new forms of work that are flexible, technology-driven, and accessible to a wide range of workers. Digital platforms in ride-hailing, food delivery, freelancing, and logistics have opened alternative pathways for livelihood, particularly for rural-to-urban migrants and those historically excluded from formal employment channels. This paper examines the dual role of the gig economy in shaping migration and supporting employment, while also assessing its implications for inclusive growth and policy frameworks. Drawing on secondary sources including government reports, industry analyses, and international labor studies, the discussion shows that gig platforms provide low-entry employment opportunities that reduce reliance on informal networks, enhance income stability, and facilitate financial inclusion through digital transactions. Furthermore, these platforms encourage participation among women, youth, and marginalized groups, broadening access to urban labor markets. At the same time, the paper highlights the challenges of insecure earnings, lack of social protection, and regulatory gaps that may undermine the sustainability of gig work. It argues that policy interventions promoting fair compensation, social security coverage, and skill development are essential to ensure the gig economy evolves as a driver of equitable and sustainable growth.

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Gig economy, Migration, Employment, Financial inclusion, Inclusive growth

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Keywords: Adventure, Exploration, Enlightenment, Imperialism, Robinson Crusoe

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Health is a critical aspect of human life, and continuous health monitoring becomes especially important for aged patients who are more vulnerable to chronic illnesses and sudden medical emergencies. Traditional health assessments are often periodic and insufficient to detect real-time variations in a patient's condition. Bringing aged patients oftenly to the hospital for regular health check up and follow up is a hectic and sometimes difficulty due to incapability of aged people. It not only consumes time but also aged patient gets tired. To address this gap, a low-power Internet of Things (IoT) framework is developed for remote health state analysis and emergency localization of elderly individuals, Where the health condition is monitored in the patient's home from the hospital. The patient is treated immediately during any irregularity occurs in health conditions by refering Patient health history recorded for further treatment. The system integrates wearable sensors to measure vital parameters such as body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, and surrounding gas levels. A Global Positioning System (GPS) module is incorporated to track the patient's location in case of emergencies. All collected data are transmitted through IoT and stored in a cloud server for real-time access by family doctors, enabling timely intervention. The proposed framework enhances patient safety, reduces response delays, and provides a scalable solution for elderly healthcare

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IoT, Elderly Care, Health Monitoring, Low-Power Wearable System, Remote Patient Surveillance, Emergency Localization, Cloud Computing.

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This research was carried out to enhance library services at the L.N. Mithila University Library through the application of management functions. The objective of this study is to assess library management's role in improving services at the L.N. Mithila University Library. The research employs qualitative methods, utilizing observation, interviews, and document analysis for data collection. The findings indicate that the effectiveness of a college library service is influenced by the satisfaction and appropriateness of library users, who are both consumers and providers of information needs. High-quality service is likely to attract visitors and enhance the library's role as an information hub. Essentially, the quality indicators of library services are intrinsically linked to the impact of management functions integrated into library management, which include planning, organizing, directing, and controlling. Library management involves the organization and administration of the library concerning human resources, systems, information sources, service functions, and overall library operations to achieve set objectives. The L.N. Mithila University Library has currently adopted library management practices in line with established management processes and functions, as outlined in policies and standard operating procedures for each service. While these practices have been implemented and are functioning effectively, the application of library management is an ongoing process that continues to evolve, with improvements in planning, organizing, directing, and controlling to meet established goals.

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Library services, Library management, Library operations, Improvements, Organizational goals.

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This research paper explains the differences of the character, Spider-Man, across eight cinematic adaptations - Spider-Man (2002), Spider-Man 2 (2004), Spider-Man 3 (2007), The Amazing Spider-Man (2012), The Amazing Spider-Man 2 (2014), Spider-Man: Homecoming (2017), Spider-Man: Far From Home (2019), and Spider-Man: No Way Home (2021). Using the frameworks of adaptation theory and intertextuality, the study shows how each film portrays the core identity of Spider-Man while considering different cultural contexts, movie trends, and audience expectations. Through comparative analysis, the paper identifies thematic, narrative, and performative differences in the portrayal of Peter Parker, highlighting the unique directorial works of Sam Raimi, Marc Webb, and Jon Watts. Adaptive theory helps trace how source materials like comic texts - are transformed for different cinematic eras, While in intertextuality, when we look at how different versions of Spider-Man are created, we see that each new one changes from the older ones. This creates a larger story about the character's development. Ultimately, Spider-Man isn't just a superhero; he's a symbol whose changing identity shows how society and storytelling have evolved over time, reflecting different generations and beliefs.

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adaptation, intertextuality, superhero, identity, generations.

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The rationale of this research on customer satisfaction will assist us to know the requirements and the Wants of the customers over credit cards. The significance of credit card usage in online shopping is very crucial and plays a significant role in the economy of one country. The research might give relevant and timely facts on the preference level of customer with respect to credit card. Since the aims of this research are to examine the customer satisfaction and to determine the consumer preference towards the usage of credit cards, 150 customers were taken, and received the different responses according to the questionnaire method.

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Credit card, Customer satisfaction, Customer preference, Online purchasing.

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The tax system in digital era has arisen as a transformative force, reforming the scenery of tax collection, reporting, and administration. Digitalization involves the integration of technology and digital tools to streamline traditionally labor-intensive processes. It enables efficiency gains through automated data entry, real-time validation, and precise calculations, resulting in faster processing times. This not only reduces delays--such as in tax refunds--but also alleviates the administrative burden on taxpayers. Additionally, shifting to digital platforms substantially lowers costs associated with paper-based documentation, physical storage, and manual labour. The digitalisation of the tax system in India marks a significant shift towards greater efficiency, transparency, and compliance in public finance management. This study explores the evolution, implementation, and impact of digital tax initiatives undertaken by the Indian government, including the introduction of the Goods and Services Tax (GST), e-filing of income tax returns, the Tax Information Network (TIN), and the adoption of faceless assessment systems. Through a combination of policy analysis and secondary data review, the research evaluates the effectiveness of these digital tools in reducing tax evasion, improving taxpayer services, and enhancing revenue collection. It also highlights challenges such as digital literacy, cybersecurity risks, and infrastructural limitations that hinder widespread adoption. The study concludes with recommendations to strengthen the digital tax ecosystem through policy refinement, stakeholder education, and technological upgrades to ensure an inclusive and robust tax administration framework in India.

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 Keywords

Tax, Digitalization, tax administration, e-filing, tax evasion.

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Capital adequacy means that banks keep enough capital money to protect themselves from losses and stay safe. Using data from different small finance banks, this research examines how having more or less capital changes the number and type of loans small finance banks provide. The study finds that small finance banks with more capital are careful when giving loans and manage risks better also small finance banks with less capital may give fewer loans, which can affect economic growth. This study shows that having strong rules about how much capital banks must keep is very important.

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Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Bank Lending, Financial Stability, Bank Capital.

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Polymorphic light eruption is the most common form of immunologically mediated photosensitivity dermatoses. The following case report is of polymorphus light eruption which is a type of photodermatoses in 49 -year- old female. She was treated successfully with homoeopathic treatment which took around 2 years . This report illustrate successful treatment of polymorphus light eruption with homoeopathy.

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A CASE STUDY FOR TREATMENT OF POLYMORPHUS LIGHT ERUPTION WITH HOMOEOPATHY

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The history of technology is as old as the history of global society. The invention of the computer is an electronic device of new technology. The computers are a necessary and essential part of human life far and wide. In this new invention of technology, all possible crime committed in the computer is generally known as cyber-crime. The cyber-crime is computer-centric crime. This crime is associated with computer network. This crime is one of the most complex and critical problem in the digital age which is affecting individuals, organizations and government works. With the rapid growth of science, technology and internet aperture, criminal activities like hacking, phishing, ransom ware, cyber stalking, and financial frauds have desperately increased. This research paper aims to analyze the nature, forms and causes of cyber-crime and also to highlight the preventive measures, and technological of safeguards designed to take up against cyber-crime and to raise awareness in today's world. It also highlights that through awareness we can protect all their personal data in the online world.

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Technology, Computer, Cyber, Crime, Hacking, Phishing

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This study examines a new trend in which students from Madhiapali, a small village in the Balangir district of Odisha, India, are pursuing higher education with in the inter District of Odisha. Balangir has historically faced significant economic hardships and witnessed substantial outmigration for employment opportunities, yet currently there's a growing trend of students pursuing international education. This study offers an in-depth analysis of the motivations behind student departures, examining their personal circumstances and the obstacles they face. The study uses interviews, surveys, and group discussions to gather information. It finds that several factors are pushing students to leave, like the lack of good education facilities in their home village, influence from friends, exposure to the world, and the belief that studying abroad can bring better economic opportunities. The research also looks at how family support, teachers, social media, and scholarships help students make the move. The findings show that there is a change in what young people in rural areas hope for, with studying abroad becoming a way to overcome old barriers. However, the study also points out problems like money troubles, feeling out of place in a new culture, and the possibility of coming back home. This research contributes to ongoing discussions regarding educational migration from India's rural regions and emphasizes the need for developing policies that promote local growth while supporting individual aspirations.

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Educational Infrastructure Gaps, Education and Migration Nexus, Social Media Influence on Migration, Odisha Migration Patterns, Emerging Migration Corridors, Micro- Level Migration Study.

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Background: Post-stroke hemiplegia leads to severe motor deficits and impairment in activities of daily living (ADL). Scalp acupuncture has shown promise as a neuro-rehabilitative adjunct, potentially enhancing recovery when combined with physiotherapy. Physiotherapy forms the backbone of stroke rehabilitation, employing early, task-oriented, and individualized interventions to maximize neuroplasticity and restore motor function. Recent studies confirm that intensive and multimodal physiotherapy not only accelerates gains in strength, coordination, and daily living skills but also reduces post-stroke complications, enhancing quality of life and long-term independence for survivors. Objective: To report the effectiveness of a combined scalp acupuncture and physiotherapy protocol (task-specific training) on motor recovery and ADL in a 58-year-old man with left hemiplegia secondary to right middle cerebral artery infarct. Methods: The patient, with a history of hypertension and a 2-week-old ischemic stroke, underwent a 21-day intervention: daily scalp acupuncture (MS6, MS7, MS9, GV20; 30 min) and daily physiotherapy (30 min to 45 min). Outcomes included the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), Barthel Index (BI), upper/lower limb power, muscle spasticity (Modified Ashworth Scale), grip strength, and gait, measured at baseline, weeks 1-4. Results: Substantial improvements were observed over four weeks: FMA increased from 24 to 51, BI from 30 to 70, upper limb power from 1 to 3, lower limb power from 2 to 4, spasticity improved from grade 2 to 0, grip strength from 3.2 to 9.4 kg, and gait ability from 0 to 4. No adverse effects occurred. Conclusion: This case demonstrates that a combined scalp acupuncture and physiotherapy approach can markedly improve motor function and ADLs in subacute post-stroke hemiplegia. Such integrative protocols warrant further study in controlled trials.

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 Keywords

Stroke, Physiotherapy, Physical therapy, Rehabilitation, Post-stroke hemiplegia, Neuroplasticity, Scalp Acupuncture, Motor recovery

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This study explores the impact of a six-week High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) program on grip strength among male judokas aged 18 to 25. Twelve state-level athletes were selected from the Lakshmibai National Institute of Physical Education (LNIPE), Guwahati, and randomly divided into experimental (n = 6) and control (n = 6) groups. The experimental group underwent HIIT combined with regular judo training, while the control group followed only the standard routine. Grip strength was measured using a handheld dynamometer before and after the intervention. The results revealed a statistically significant increase in grip strength in the experimental group (p < 0.001), while the control group did not demonstrate notable changes (p = 0.076). These findings suggest that integrating HIIT into judo training programs can effectively enhance grip strength, which is a crucial component of judo performance. The study highlights the practical value of HIIT as a focused and time-efficient method for developing grappling strength in combat sports.

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High-Intensity Interval Training, Grip Strength, Judokas, Judo Conditioning, Strength Development, Combat Sports

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Gender bias is a pervasive issue that affects individuals and societies across the globe. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of gender bias, exploring its historical roots, Manifestations in various domains, psychological underpinnings, and socioeconomic impacts. Gender bias remains a pervasive issue across various spheres of life, including the workplace, Education, healthcare, and media. This paper seeks to examine the prevalence, underlying Causes and far-reaching consequences of gender bias. Through an analysis of empirical studies and theoretical frameworks, the paper explores how gender bias manifests in different Contexts, its impact on individuals and society, and potential strategies for mitigation. The discussion underscores the importance of addressing gender bias to promote equality and social justice. The paper will also examine strategies for mitigation and provide recommendations for future research and policy-making.

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Key words: Gender bias, Psychological unpacking its manifestations, education, workplace, media representation, intersectionally, impacts and mitigation strategies.

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Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by selective degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and oxidative stress-mediated cellular damage. The present study aimed to evaluate the in-vitro anti-Parkinson's activity of ethanolic pod extract of Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) using a neurotoxicity cell culture model. Phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolics, and saponins, which are known for their antioxidant and neuroprotective potential. In vitro neurotoxicity was induced in cultured neuronal cells using 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), and the protective effect of the extract was assessed through cell viability (MTT assay), intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and morphological analysis. Treatment with the extract significantly improved cell viability, reduced oxidative stress, and preserved neuronal morphology in a dose-dependent manner when compared with the toxic control. The findings suggest that the ethanolic pod extract of Cyamopsis tetragonoloba possesses promising neuroprotective potential, possibly due to its antioxidant phytoconstituents, and may serve as a natural lead for developing adjunct therapy against Parkinson's disease.

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Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, Parkinson's disease, neuroprotection, oxidative stress, cell culture.

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Climate is an indispensable part of nature as well as human behavior. The thoughts, the discourses, the culture , the social life of mankind - are all dictated by the climatic factors. Much of those cultural aspects are reflected in the writings of a particular region . Literature being a glance of the human life also encapsulates the nature around man in its writings. The writings of Tripura echoes the climatic factors that influences it's culture. The Bengali poets of Tripura found the same inclination towards nature. Being a land of tribal inhabitants, the nature assumes to them as a mystical and mythical epitome. Nature is not just an ecological component or a backdrop but are living retrospection of their everyday life. Those poets not only just praise nature, but makes it a part of their own. This paper will look into those texts from an eco-critical perspective using Eco-criticism as a methodology. It will look into the eco-consciousness among the writers and their concerns for the climate. The paper will examine how climate in those writings gets personified, how the Moon becomes more than a celestial body, how the seasons become human emotions and how the climate gets incorporated in the writing culture of Bengali poets from Tripura. A descriptive method will be applied to study the selected poems and trace out how the ecology and climate has incorporated in the lifestyle of the people.

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Climate, Culture, Tripura, Eco criticism, Bengali Poems.

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Women and culture are intricately linked, as culture plays a significant role in shaping generations to come. The role of women in preserving the culture as lived experiences is monumental. Despite so many lacunas and disparities in gender, women artists continue to shape the artistic panorama and contribute significantly to the rich and varied heritage of our nation. Women in Indian diaspora have historically acted as a preserver of culture and identity by portraying themselves and their culture through medium of arts and craft. The present paper also presents the various art forms practiced by women in UT of Jammu and Kashmir such as Parolaa art, preservation of Dogri script Takri, artistic Basohli painting styles of Nainsukh and painting Nayikas on small wooden blocks called Basohli miniatures, the beautiful craft of making Binna Straw Mats: A Local Craft of Jammu, visual artists and painters of Kashmir, mural artists, different embroidery forms like tilla, work of fardhs and shawls. The objective of the present paper attempts to shed light on ; firstly, identifying various women artists in UT of Jammu and Kashmir and secondly, significant contributions of women artists as custodians of culture and as culture heroes in UT of Jammu and Kashmir in fostering cultural development and aims to put forth that preservation of cultural heritage by means of art and craft so as to achieve the goals of cultural sustainability, which is an essential element of sustainable development. The present research paper attempt to put forward the magnitude and capacity of women artists as guardians of culture in instilling the sense of rootedness towards art forms and our culture.

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 Keywords

Culture Custodians, Women Artists and Cultural Heritage

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition