Volume 13 | Issue 9

 Abstract

In Indian film industries the movie focus about significant underlying psychological issues that has not been talked enough and by discussing portrayal of complex characters. The South Indian film Manichithrathazhu (1993), it's a seminal Malayalam psychological thriller which explores themes like complex of a women fractured identity, trauma and relationships the character portrays the underlying medical issues which connected to chronic trauma, the character is exposed to traumatic circumstances over an extended period. The character Ganga, a young woman moved to ancestral house and she get possessed by the spirit of Nagavalli, a dance in earlier centuries. The character Ganga in Manichitrathazhu is analysed as a woman who is unknowingly suffered from Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) due to the loneliness and repressed emotion developed even from the childhood, begin experiencing mentally distressed linked to a tragic historical past. The paper examines the profound impact Ganga's mental crisis affect her husband, Nakhulan (Suresh Gopi). His role depicted as a deeply loving partner who attempted to conventional means evolve into the selfless struggle for save his partner. Nakhulan's role highlights the importance a supportive and understanding partner in the phase of psychological crisis, even also when his partner confronting overwhelming obstacles. By summarizing the abstract this paper explores various types of psychological issues showing the unspoken reality of the society that has not focused or discussed in any particular scenario. Through this depiction of these fragmented psyches, these movies offer a lens through which to understand the psychological issue of individuals.

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relationship, trauma, psychological crisis, conventional, struggle, reality

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TRUTH IN FICTION:Unveiling Social Injustice "Unveiling the Real Stories Behind the Myths " Paavai Kathakal, when interpreted through the lens of subaltern theory, reveals the unheard and unseen narratives of women, marginalized castes, and religious minorities in Indian society. This paper aims to explore the intersectionality of caste, religion, and gender within the cinematic framework of Paavai Kathakal. Situating it within the broader socio-political context of India over the last two decades. The narrative structure, characterization, and visual symbolism, the film is analyzed as a voice for the voiceless, representing women from Dalit, Adivasi, and minority communities who navigate layers of oppression. The paper further evaluates the gendered portrayal of morality and victimhood, exposing how women's bodies often become sites of caste and communal violence. Through a subaltern lens, Paavai Kathakal not only critiques hegemonic narratives but also reconstructs alternative histories that challenge dominant cultural ideologies. Society, as reflected in the film, often disguises systemic oppression as cultural values or moral duty. From a subaltern perspective, the anthology becomes a space of resistance -- not just storytelling but truth-telling -- offering alternative histories where the marginalized attempt to reclaim their narrative. Drawing on Spivak's critical question, "Can the Subaltern Speak?", this paper argues that Paava Kadhaigal answers through cinema: the subaltern speaks, bleeds, resists -- and demands to be heard.We aim to prove how social injustice rooted in caste and societal norms oppresses marginalized voices, limiting freedom, love, and identity.

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Key words :Subaltern, Women, Symbolism ,Morality, Victimhood

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Background of the Study: Nyctophobia is a relatively rare specific phobia characterized by an irrational and persistent fear of darkness. While often associated with childhood, it can persist into adulthood and significantly impact daily functioning. Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to assess the level of knowledge regarding the risk factors and warning signs of Nyctophobia among affected individuals. Methodology: The study targeted individuals aged 35 to 40 years. A total of 20 clients were selected based on their scores using the Nyctophobia Severity Scale (PSS) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale. Participants were given a self-administered questionnaire focused on identifying their knowledge of Nyctophobia risk factors and warning signs. Outcome Measures: Participants' knowledge levels were assessed using the questionnaire, specifically examining awareness of risk factors related to Nyctophobia. Results: Among the 20 clients, 50% demonstrated poor knowledge (0-50%), 25% had moderate knowledge (51-75%), and the remaining 25% showed good knowledge (76-100%) regarding the risk factors and warning signs of Nyctophobia. Conclusion: The study revealed that a majority of individuals with Nyctophobia had limited knowledge about its associated risk factors and warning signs. These findings highlight the need for increased education and awareness to support early recognition and effective management of the condition.

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knowledge, Risk factors, warning signs of Nyctophobia, selected community

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This study investigates the impact of circuit training and Thera-band exercises on Body Mass Index (BMI) and Percentage of Body Fat among middle-aged men. A pre-test and post-test experimental design was employed, with participants divided into Circuit Training Group (CTG), Thera-band Group (TBG), and a Control Group (CG). Data were analyzed using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) to assess the effectiveness of the interventions. Results revealed significant improvements in BMI and Percentage of Body Fat in both intervention groups, with circuit training demonstrating the highest effectiveness. These findings emphasize the importance of structured training programs in optimizing body composition and overall health in middle-aged men.

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Circuit training, Thera-band exercises, Body Mass Index, Percentage of Body Fat, middle-aged men.

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Abstract: Women entrepreneurship in India has gained considerable attention in recent decades due to its potential to transform the socio-economic fabric of the country. Women are increasingly stepping into entrepreneurial roles across various sectors, breaking stereotypes, and contributing significantly to employment generation, poverty alleviation, and innovation. However, despite their progress, women entrepreneurs continue to face a host of challenges, ranging from financial constraints and socio-cultural barriers to lack of institutional support and limited access to markets. This paper explores the economic potential of women entrepreneurs in India by analysing secondary data from government reports, international organizations, and scholarly research. The study emphasizes the importance of unlocking this potential through gender-sensitive policies, financial inclusion, digital empowerment, mentorship, and supportive ecosystems. Solutions are suggested in alignment with the objectives of the study. The findings reveal that women entrepreneurship can act as a multiplier effect for economic growth, contributing to India's GDP, job creation, and inclusive development. If adequately supported, women entrepreneurs could redefine India's trajectory as a global economic powerhouse.

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Keywords: Women Entrepreneurs, Economic Potential, India, Gender Equality, Inclusive growth, financial inclusion.

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Buddhist thought, with its emphasis on interdependence, compassion, and non-harming (ahi?s?), offers a profound framework for addressing contemporary environmental crises. This paper explores how Buddhist principles such as dependent origination (prat?tyasamutp?da), impermanence (anicca), non-self (an?tman), and compassion (karu??) inform an environmental ethic grounded in responsibility, restraint, and reverence for life. Drawing on classical texts, modern interpretations by Buddhist leaders, and recent scholarship, the paper argues that Buddhist environmental ethics is not only compatible with ecological sustainability but also provides a spiritual and philosophical depth often missing in secular ecological discourse. By situating Buddhist ecological thought within both classical Indian traditions and global environmental philosophy, the paper contributes to ongoing debates on how ancient wisdom can guide contemporary ecological responsibility.

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interdependence, impermanence, environmental, ancient

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Solid lipid nanoparticles, Mesalazine, Colon-specific drug delivery, Inflammatory bowel disease, Ulcerative colitis, Nanotechnology

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Abstract Gratitude is a core prosocial emotion with measurable effects on brain systems subserving reward, salience, attention, interoception, and emotion regulation. Converging evidence from functional neuroimaging, psychophysiology, and intervention studies suggests that trait- and state-gratitude are associated with increased activity and connectivity in prefrontal and cingulo-opercular control networks, reduced amygdala reactivity to threat, modulation of mesolimbic dopaminergic circuits, improved heart-rate variability (HRV), and downstream effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. These changes are consistent with enhanced neuroplasticity--both synaptic and systems-level--supporting resilience, affective balance, and adaptive autobiographical memory processing. This paper synthesizes current findings on the neural correlates and mechanisms of gratitude, proposes a neuropsychological model linking gratitude to identity reconstruction via the Internal Autobiographical Map (IAM), and outlines evidence-based clinical applications for trauma recovery and stress-related disorders. Practical protocols and measurement guidelines are provided, alongside limitations and future research priorities.

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Gratitude, Neuropsychology, Brain Plasticity, Autobiographical Memory, Stress Regulation, HPA Axis, Vagal Tone, Resilience, Trauma Recovery, Identity

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The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 brings about a great change in educational technology in India, with use of technology recognized as a central pillar of implementation of NEP 2020. This study explores the ways in which digital tools and digital platforms are being utilized to support implementation of NEP 2020, in areas including school education, higher education, teacher education, assessment and content delivery. Some of the significant initiatives identified include DIKSHA, SWAYAM, National Digital Education Architecture (NDEAR), and the growing use of AI for personalized learning. An overarching theme explored is the current inequities to access digital learning, particularly in rural and economically disadvantaged communities were infrastructure and connectivity barriers limit equity for delivery of education. Analysis of government reports, case studies, and expert interviews provide clear and significant indications about opportunities and challenges for digital education and NEP 2020. Findings indicate that technology holds immense testament to innovation, however the success of implementation relies on addressing infrastructure barriers, building digital literacy of educators, and supporting the development in inclusive content. The paper concludes with practical next steps to continue to advance digital education in India for equitable access to education for learners from all socio-economic and geographical backgrounds.

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Digital Education, NEP 2020 Implementation, Educational Technology, Equity and Access, Infrastructure and Digital Literacy.

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This paper focuses on the story of Tawaifs and Courtesans in the state of Awadh from 18 th to 20 th century. It tries to bring out the role, influence and status held by them under the Nawabs, the categories in which they were divided, their interference into the state politics through their royal and rich patrons like Governors and Ministers, their rich and lavish lifestyle which they maintained with great skill even without any fixed assignment of jagirs with, their attempt to rule out the norms of the patriarchal society and achieving a separate identity of their own. Their role in shaping, preserving, polishing and popularising the culture of Awadh throughout India, their national awakening and the attempt to contribute to the Independence Movement by registering active presence initially in the revolt of 1857 and later on, by being the part of Congress Meetings and the Movements led by Gandhi. In the later part, the paper highlights their sad downfall, loss of patronage with the coming of the Britishers as a political power and annexation of Awadh, the cruel treatment done by the them, assimilating and merging the dignified Courtesans and Tawaifs into the category of Prostitutes and using them for the pleasure of their soldiers, apart from the role of Britishers, their dignity was also lowered by the changing norms of the society and definition of purity, which was now attached to marriage and veil. Thus, in the changing times i.e. after the downfall of Nawabs and with the coming of the Britishers, Courtesans and Tawaifs always lived on the margins of the cultured society.

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Dereydar , Khandani , Khanjari, Monsem.

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This study explores the influence of Surya Namaskar, a classical yogic practice, on the cognitive and psycho-social functions of senior secondary school students aged 15-18. Surya Namaskar, a sequence of twelve physical postures synchronized with breath, is traditionally known to improve both physiological and psychological well-being. In this study, an 8-week intervention was conducted involving daily practice sessions among selected students. Post-intervention evaluations showed substantial improvements in memory, attention span, emotional balance, and behavioral adjustment. These findings reinforce the potential of Surya Namaskar as a valuable component of school wellness programs, contributing to the holistic development of adolescents.

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Effect of Surya Namaskar on Cognitive Psycho Functions in School Children

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This paper discusses how the Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) can be utilized in improving the process of eliciting, tracing and validating requirements of enterprise knowledge bases. It provides a holistic way of combining RAG with the conventional requirements engineering techniques in order to solve the problem of data inconsistency, unfinished requirements and ineffective tracing. The research procedure is a qualitative case study research of the organizations which have implemented RAG and comparing its effectiveness in enhancing requirements management. The most important findings include the capabilities of RAG to enhance the accuracy of requirements retrieval and enhance their efficiency, the better traceability, and the minimization of the errors in system validation. This research also has contributions of a better understanding of RAG in the modernization of requirements engineering, which can be applied in organizations aiming at streamlining their requirements. The current study also implies the further areas of developing the RAG methods that will be more flexible to meet the changing demands of the enterprise.

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RAG application, requirements elicitation, traceability improvement, AI-driven applications, knowledge management, system validation, data retrieval

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Annadrava shoola is one of the diseases of the Digestive tract in which there is Burning / Painful sensation occurs in Epigastric / Retrosternal region occurs after digestion, during digestion or at any time. It can be co-relate with Pangastritis on the basis of its signs and symptoms. Ayurveda promote lifestyle interference and natural therapies to retrieve a balance between the body, mind and the environment. In this paper a case study of Annadrava Shoola has been explained.A 52 yrs old male patient having complaint of pain in epigastric region after having meals radiating to back since 12-14 months. The nature of pain is of gradual onset with burning type & exaggerated after having meals,On the ground of history of the patient and endoscopy report, he was diagnosed as pan gastritis. With H.Pylori Infection ( Patient consumed H.Pylori KIT) We have done Deepana Pachana Chikitsa with Tab.Raspachak Vati,Tab.Laghusutashekhara Rasa,Tab. Kamdudha Vati , Avipattikar churna +Yashtimadhu choorna, Syp.Acivin,Yashtimadhu ghrita for 1month then Planned for Shodhan chikitsa(Virechan Karma with Prior Yashtimadhu Ghrita pana) . After the treatment, symptoms relieved. So, there is prospect in Ayurveda for treatment of Annadrava Shoola.

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Pangastritis, Annadrava shoola, H.Pylori

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Purpose: - The main intention of this paper is to detect the association among Organizational climate, Employee Engagement and Organizational Citizenship Behaviour of employees. Here Employee Engagement has considered as a mediator to test the correlation between Organizational Climate and Organizational citizenship Behaviour of employees. Design/methodology/approach: The standardized questionnaire was administrated in this study to gather the required data from 530 sample respondents from the pharmaceutical companies in Hyderabad are used to test hypotheses. Findings: - The outcome from the hierarchical regression of the mediation model explains that OC are positively correlated to OCB, and Employee engagement mediates the association between OC and OCB of the employees. Research limitations: - The outcomes mentioned in this paper are drawn from the organizations at one point of time. Generalize the results to the related and other industries with other Organizational Climate with caution. The main intention of the paper is to encourage further scope for research is on relation between other Organizational Climate factors, which will influence the Employee Engagement and organizational Citizenship Behaviour. Practical implications: - The study indicates that Organizational Climate is more relevant to enhancing the both Employee Engagement, Organizational Citizenship Behaviour. Hence, organizations and employees are carefully identifying the importance of Organizational Climate, which are directly effecting the Employee Engagement, Organizational Citizenship Behaviour. Social implications: - The conclusion of the investigation is useful to create an excellent Organizational climate inside the organization. Originality/value: - The current research gives new insights related to the previously uncovered aspects related to Organizational Climate, which influence the both Employee Engagement and Organizational Citizenship Behaviour of employees.

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Organizational Climate, Employee Engagement, Organizational Citizenship Behaviour and Pharmaceutical organization.

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Abstract This research paper investigates the philosophical foundations and practical expressions of mindfulness in two cornerstone texts of ancient Indian wisdom: the Bhagavad Gita and the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali. While mindfulness is often presented in contemporary contexts as a secular stress-reduction technique, its original conceptualizations are embedded within rich spiritual and ethical frameworks. The Bhagavad Gita presents mindfulness as an inner discipline that enables individuals to engage fully in action without attachment to results, a principle central to Karma Yoga. Through Krishna's guidance to Arjuna, the text illuminate's mindfulness as a practice of steady awareness amid life's conflicts and moral dilemmas. In contrast, Patanjali's Yoga Sutras systematize mindfulness within the eight-limbed path of Ashtanga Yoga, particularly in the progressive cultivation of Dharana (focused concentration), Dhyana (meditative absorption), and Samadhi (union). By analyzing and comparing these texts, the paper uncovers how mindfulness functions both as a method for personal transformation and as a philosophical worldview oriented toward liberation (moksha). Additionally, this study considers how these ancient insights can enrich contemporary perspectives on mental well-being, ethical conduct, and spiritual development. By situating mindfulness in its original cultural and metaphysical contexts, this research challenges the reductionist tendencies of modern adaptations and advocates for a more holistic understanding. The paper concludes that revisiting these classical sources not only deepens academic engagement with Indian philosophy but also offers practical guidance for integrating mindfulness authentically into modern life.

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Keywords-Mindfulness, Yoga Philosophy, Bhagavad Gita, Yoga Sutras, Indian Spiritual Tradition.

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Stress is a physical and psychological response to demands that exceed an individual's coping capacity. In schools, stress arises from academic pressures, social challenges, and environmental factors, adversely affecting students' learning, behavior, and health. The transition to digital learning and increased screen time, especially following the COVID-19 pandemic, have intensified these challenges, making it imperative to address school stress comprehensively.

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Creating A Stress-free School Environment: A Collaborative Approach for Student Well-Being

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This paper reviews how the National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) and accreditation systems influence the work environment within Indian universities. Drawing from secondary literature, it synthesizes insights on the effects of rankings and accreditation on faculty responsibilities, the role of administrative staff, workplace culture, and employee morale. While these frameworks help improve accountability, funding access, and infrastructure, they also bring new challenges such as compliance burdens, heightened work pressure, and a focus on metrics over holistic development. The review highlights key paradoxes--for instance, how these systems encourage excellence but also risk burnout--and identifies gaps in existing research, particularly the lack of focus on non-teaching staff, psychological stress, and long-term impacts. The paper concludes that although rankings and accreditation are firmly embedded in India's higher education system, reforms are needed to broaden the criteria for evaluation so that quality improvement does not come at the cost of workplace well-being.

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NIRF, accreditation, work environment, Indian universities, faculty performance, higher education policy

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Biogas; Diesel; Methane; Calorific value; Generator performance

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Hazardous Waste Management (HWM) has emerged as a pressing concern in India due to rapid industrialization, urbanization, and the country's growing status as a global manufacturing hub. The legal and policy framework governing hazardous waste in India has evolved significantly, particularly with the enactment of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and the subsequent Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016. These rules, aligned with international conventions such as the Basel Convention, provide a comprehensive structure for prevention, minimization, storage, transportation, import, export, treatment, and safe disposal of hazardous waste. Despite the robust statutory regime, enforcement challenges, institutional inadequacies, and lack of awareness among stakeholders continue to hinder effective implementation. Judicial pronouncements, particularly from the Supreme Court in cases such as M.C. Mehta v. Union of India and Indian Council for Enviro-Legal Action v. Union of India, have played a pivotal role in expanding environmental jurisprudence by introducing principles such as Polluter Pays, Precautionary Principle, and Sustainable Development into the discourse on hazardous waste governance. This study undertakes a critical analysis of India's legal and policy framework, evaluating its compliance with international obligations, its strengths in establishing regulatory mechanisms, and its limitations in practical enforcement. The research further explores the need for technological advancement, stricter monitoring, and community participation to ensure that hazardous waste management policies are not only legally sound but also environmentally sustainable.

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Environmental Law, Waste Management, Policy Framework, Judiciary

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A key player in the Indian independence movement, Mahatma Gandhi supported social justice and women's rights. His commitment to equality and non-violence, along with his ideology of Satyagraha (truth force), offered a potent framework for opposing discriminatory behaviors and traditional gender roles. This essay looks at Gandhi's major contributors to women's empowerment in India, including his support of women's education and involvement in the liberation fight and his opposition to child marriage, widow remarriage, and the purdah system. Gandgi's actions had a significant influence on India's social and political climate, encouraging women to assert their legitimate role in society and opening the door for later feminist generations.

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Mahatma Gandhi,women's empowerment ,social reforms, child marriage, widow remarriage, purdah system, education, freedom movement, India

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