Volume 12 | Issue 9

 Abstract

This research studies chilli disease image classification by using the deep neural network (DNN) algorithms. The disease-affected input images mainly focus on the disease category and five types of chilli disease studied in this work. Convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithms have been chosen for best option for the training process because they produce a maximum percentage of accuracy. Results are discussed in terms of the accuracy of the image classification in percentage. Chilli disease is classified into four diseases, with 120 images collected for each: black circle spot, straw colour chilli, white colour chilli, and rotten chilli. 70% of the data set was trained, whereas 30% was tested. The hyperparameter epoch is used to tune the CNN model, which gradually increases and gives 96.65% accuracy.

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DNN,Deep Learning, Chilli diseases

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The research paper aims to analyse historical evolution of Trademark. It also deals with the different legislations that dealt with trademark in India. Further, it also discusses in brief the important international conventions relating to trademark. Lastly it critically analyses different the judicial trend of well-known trademark and its transboundary reputation.

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TM

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The Indian Penal Code, 1860 (IPC) is the primary legislation in India enumerating general criminal offences and prescribing punishment. the word "white collar crime" was coined by the American criminologist & sociologist Edwin Hardin Sutherland during the 1930s. These crimes are committed to satisfying financial motive, and the perpetrators are generally wealthy, educated and from a high-class society. A few prime examples are money laundering, insurance fraud, tax evasion, identity theft etc. White-collar crimes are on the rise in economically developing nations. Its nature although is non- violent, however, the perpetrators of these crimes can cause more harm to the society at large. White collar crime is not visible and non-violent in many different respects. Offences are typically not revealed within occupational and organisational routines are therefore it is difficult to detect the victims' observers or law enforcers and therefore few offenders are tried and sentenced in open court. White collar crime is absent from public and academic discussions of Crime and criminal policy. The main objective of this Article is to expose the extent impact and failure to fully criminalise the crimes of the 'powerful'. The main purpose this crime is to obtain money and property avoid losing existing property or gain a personal or commercial advantage. White collar crime even includes organisational crimes. At the end of the day, it can be clearly said that white collar crime causes much bigger crimes. This Article has given stress on precautionary measures to detect and prevent white collar crime Cognisable offences refer to offences in which a police officer can arrest a person without obtaining permission/a warrant from a court and are usually serious in nature. In respect of a non-cognisable offence, a police officer cannot arrest a person without obtaining permission from court. These are offences which are less serious in nature, as they are punishable with less than two years of imprisonment. Bailable offences refer to offences where an arrested person can seek bail (release from custody) from the police officer or the jurisdictional court as a matter of right, on presentation of a bail bond/undertaking, as prescribed by the arresting officer or court to secure his/her presence in future. Typically, offences which prescribe punishment of up to three years or less are bailable and non-cognisable. In non-bailable offences, an arrested person cannot seek bail as a matter of right and must apply to the jurisdiction court for bail and release from custody. This is a separate classification of offences which in some cases can be settled between the complainant and the alleged offender. The CrPC identifies the offences that can be compounded. The CrPC prescribes various methods for compounding, with or without involvement of court. There are certain offences that can be compounded only with the permission of the court. Serious offences and certain socio-economic offences are non-compoundable, though constitutional courts in India have powers to quash proceedings even in respect of non-compoundable offences in certain cases - i.e., if the same is in the interests of justice or prevents an abuse of process. White-collar crime has become a significant concern globally, impacting businesses, investors, and consumers alike. This comprehensive article delves into the various aspects of white-collar crime, including its definition, types, psychological factors, and notable cases from around the world, with a special focus on the UK, USA, Canada, and India. The article examines the economic and non-economic costs associated with white-collar crime and discusses the roles of regulatory agencies and legal frameworks in detecting and preventing these offences. It also highlights the importance of corporate governance, ethical leadership, and transparency in creating an environment where white-collar crime is less likely to thrive. Furthermore, the article compares white-collar crime in the UK, USA, Canada, and India, exploring the similarities and differences in their legal frameworks, enforcement strategies, and corporate governance practices. It also identifies unique challenges faced by each country in combating white-collar crime and opportunities for cross-border collaboration and learning. Finally, the article offers a range of suggestions for individuals, businesses, and policymakers to effectively address white-collar crime, including strengthening regulatory frameworks, enhancing inter-agency cooperation, promoting ethics and compliance training, empowering whistleblowers, and leveraging technology. By providing a comprehensive and global perspective on white-collar crime, this article aims to raise awareness of the risks and consequences associated with these offences and encourage a proactive approach to detection, prevention, and prosecution.

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Invisible, non-violent, organised crime, money laundering, corporate crime

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Abstract: Demonetization is a tool to battle Inflation, Black Money, Corruption and Crime discourage a cash dependent economy and help trade. Its policy of the government by banning Rs. 500 and Rs.1000 currency notes has influenced all almost all the corner of the economy. Its effect on Banking Sector is significant as Bank is a center for channeling the legal tender money to all needs of the society. The biggest beneficiaries of demonetization are Banks. It made the banks to accept the deposits without any cost of promotion and drastically increased liquidity position of the banks. The present study is made out of available literature on post demonetization. It portrayed the effect of demonetization on Banking Sector. It encompassed the recent decision of the central government on Demonetization and its gradual effect on Indian banking sector.

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Key Words: Demonetization, Banks, Liquidity, cooperative banks.

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This research paper makes a psychoanalytical study of the character Lady Macbeth with reference to Sigmund Freud's Theory of psychoanalysis. There is a short introduction of the character of Lady Macbeth and the Play where this character appears. After introduction it gives a brief explanation of Freud's theory of psychoanalysis and finally it makes a psychoanalytical study of Lady Macbeth's character with reference to this theory.

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Psychoanalysis, Human Psyche, Id, ego, Superego.

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Delivery of maternal health care services is a major challenge to the health system in developing countries. Provision of antenatal care (ANC) services is the major function of public health delivery system in India to improve maternal health outcomes and its impact on maternal morbidity and mortality. Studies are lack in documenting variation in utilization of ANC services between geographical regions of Andhra Pradesh (AP). Reproductive health is defined as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being of the couple and matters relating to the reproductive system and its functions and processes. Though the term covers the health of both partners throughout the life cycle, it is most relevant to the health of the woman/mother. Thus, female reproductive experiences are usually taken for assessing reproductive health status of a society. It is to be noted that women health status has a direct impact on the health of the child, who is the future citizen and worker of the nation. Reproductive morbidity and lack of care during pregnancy and child birth effects of child health. Women's poor reproductive health in India is affected by a variety of socio-cultural, biological and public policy factors.

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NHRM, Reproductive Health, Pregnancy, Rural, Post-natal, Delivery, Hospitals

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This study examines the leverage ratios of two major oil companies, Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL) and Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL), from 2019 to 2023. Leverage, defined as the use of debt to enhance financial performance while minimizing equity, plays a crucial role in the stability and growth of businesses in the oil sector. By analysing various leverage ratios like Debt-to-Equity ratio, Long Term Debt-to-Equity Ratio, Debt-to-Asset Ratio, Debt-to-EBITDA ratio, Asset to equity ratio, Debt-to-capital ratio, financial leverage aims to highlight the financial health of both companies. The findings will offer valuable insights for investors, stakeholders, and policymakers regarding the comparative financial performance and operational efficiency of BPCL and HPCL.

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Financial Leverage, Financial Performance, Comparative Analysis, leverage ratios, optimizing leverage management

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This study investigates the possible effects--both favourable and unfavourable--of holding simultaneous elections throughout India, a concept known as "One Nation, One Election." In an effort to lessen the frequency of election cycles, this suggested modification would synchronize the dates of national, state, and local elections. According to several reports, synchronized elections might result in significant cost savings for both Central and state governments by lowering expenditures associated with election administration, security, and governance. Annual savings of almost INR45 billion are projected. The impact on state governments varies; while national issues may take precedence over local issues, state administrations would gain from dedicating more time to governance. This could limit the expression of discontent with state governments at different times, but it might also lessen voter fatigue. Synced elections provide less political instability and more stable policies from a government perspective. All things considered, concurrent elections strengthen political and economic stability and encourage improved governance.

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One Nation One Election, Election, Democracy, feasible, India

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Ecotourism, sustainable community development, Chatakpur, Darjeeling

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The term folklore was coined by William Thoms in 1846. This new term replace the old one popular antiquity. William has taken this term from German Volklehre which means people's custom. A.K. Ramanujan discusses folklore in relation to voice and agency. In his analysis, folk stories can be 'male centered' or 'female centered'. In male centered tales, women have a secondary role and often aid the hero in his quest, or indeed are the object of the quest. "These stories end in marriage--for they speak of the emancipation of the hero from the parental yoke and the setting up of a new family, as he comes into his own". In the other category, "the heroine is already married or she is married early in the tale, and then the women's troubles begin." She has to overcome marital harassment, and sometimes reform her husband, to achieve a happy married life (Ramanujan 1997: 218). Myths and Mythology have been an important part of literature since the time Immemorial. Diana Wynne Jones in Reflections illustrates "If you take myth and folklore, and these things that speak in symbols, they can be interpreted in so many ways that although the actual image is clear enough, the interpretation is infinitely blurred, a sort of enormous rainbow of every possible colour you could imagine."(267).

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Keywords: Myth, folklore, Kumaun, Golu , Gangnath, saga, Kurma, dangariya, Jagariya.

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The 19th century marked a pivotal era for women writers, who not only navigated the restrictions of their gender but also faced the constraints imposed by class systems. This article examines the intersection of class and gender in the works of prominent 19th-century female authors such as Jane Austen, Elizabeth Gaskell, and George Eliot. Through an exploration of novels like Pride and Prejudice, North and South, and Middlemarch, this study highlights the ways in which these writers critiqued both class hierarchies and gendered expectations. By portraying female protagonists who must grapple with societal constraints, these authors created narratives that interrogate the roles of women within both the private and public spheres, emphasizing the compounded oppression faced by women of lower social standing. This paper argues that 19th-century women's writing played a crucial role in early feminist thought by revealing the entangled nature of class and gender oppression, ultimately advocating for the social mobility and intellectual freedom of women.

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Intersectionality, class, gender, 19th-century literature, Jane Austen, Elizabeth Gaskell, George Eliot, feminist literary criticism, women's rights, domesticity, marriage, social mobility

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The study focuses on the inventory management practices at Valpra Biotech Pvt Ltd, a pharmaceutical company based in Bengaluru, India. Inventory management is crucial for the company's operations, as it involves managing the quantity of products available for purchase and sale and plays a key role in balancing the company's cash flow and profitability. The study evaluates various inventory management techniques, including ABC analysis, EOQ, and stock level monitoring, to optimize inventory levels, reduce costs, and improve efficiency. Through a detailed analysis of financial ratios, such as current ratio, liquid ratio, and inventory turnover ratio, the study identifies challenges in inventory management and suggests strategies to enhance operational efficiency and profitability. The findings emphasize the importance of maintaining adequate inventory levels to avoid production disruptions and the need for continuous improvement in inventory practices to sustain the company's growth.

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Inventory Management, ABC Analysis, EOQ (Economic Order Quantity), Stock Level Monitoring, Financial Ratios.

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 Abstract

21 VI SHADI ME BHARAT ISRAEL SAMBANDHO ME BADALTE AAYAMO KA ADHYAYAN

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21 VI SHADI ME BHARAT ISRAEL SAMBANDHO ME BADALTE AAYAMO KA ADHYAYAN

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Abstract Market volatility, characterized by rapid and unpredictable changes in financial market conditions, poses significant risks to businesses, investors, and economies. This paper explores the strategies and frameworks used in financial decision-making and risk management during volatile periods. By examining historical trends, the role of diversification, and the application of advanced risk management tools, the paper aims to offer actionable insights for financial managers. The research utilizes a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative analysis with quantitative data represented in charts and graphs. Findings indicate that proactive risk management strategies and data-driven decision-making are key to financial resilience during volatility.

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Keywords: Market volatility, Management strategies, diversification & decision-making.

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In current time the role of digital media has become very crucial for the marketers. Digital media platforms give real-time interaction and high level of spirit for brand management. If we analyses the role of social media we see that it has left an extreme impact on the procedure adopted by companies to maintain a healthy customer relationship management. However, the marketing companies have not been able to explore the field of social media marketing to its full potential and their understanding of digital media marketing strategies with the objective of branding has been limited. Building brand is very crucial to gather a deep understanding of the transformation in the field of marketing as it exercises direct impact on the sustainability of the brand. We know very well that the impact of social media advisement on the brand management is still in growing stage. So that the present study aims is analyzing all the social media platforms, with special focus on the social media advertisement which are very much important and also plays a big role for brand advertisement. In current scenario we know that success of the social media advertisement will be measured by analyzing the buying behavior of millennial towards the digital media and brands. The final results will stick out to the current information on digital advertising methods, social media advertisement, and brand management of any company. Moreover, the study will provide insight to the marketing companies and the brand managers about the role of digital marketing and social media advertisement and also the remedial step to enhance the effectiveness of these digital platforms.

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Digital Media, Building brands, stick out, Social Media advertisement and Millennial

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Nursing leadership is crucial in healthcare as it guides nursing teams to provide high-quality patient care. Effective leaders set a clear vision and goals that align with the overall objectives of the healthcare organization. They support and mentor their staff, promoting professional growth and encouraging evidence-based practices to enhance patient safety and care. This article explores how nursing leadership affects patient outcomes and the overall quality of healthcare. The Department of Nursing at Inderprastha Apollo Hospitals in Delhi launched the "WALK" project to assess the effects of nursing leaders' use of collaborative leadership, evidence-based practice, strategic vision, and best practices and standards in fostering a culture of safety and accountability, allowing staff to voice concerns about safety, leading quality improvement initiatives, and enhancing patient and family engagement.

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Leadership, Nurse-Patient Relationship, Setting Standards, Fostering a Culture of Safety, Training and Development, Resource Management, Advocating for Patients, Continuous Improvement.

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Abstract Greater Bengal provides us a river based civilisation. Almost more than hundreds river are flowing through west Bengal. Sutunga is one of them, little larger than a stream, with crystal clear flowing water of Mekhliganj Sub-division of Cooch Behar district shows a great diversity of flora and faunas. This river originates from the river Jaldhaka at Moronga, Dhupguri takes a different route and after crossing about 60 km it meets again to Jaldhaka at Mathabhanga. Close observation to the river in different sessions throughout the year shows presence of ample aquatic weeds like Chara, Oscillatoria, Spirogyra, Marsilia, Azolla, Ceratophyllum, Eichhornia, Hydrilla, Lemna, Ottelia, Pistia, Potamogeton, Scirpus, Ludwigia, Spirodella, Vallisneria, Wolffia, etc. and the weeds usually varies greatly with the seasonal variation. Small areas which are embanked by the local fish hunters in the pre-winter become the haven of weeds growth. But the last ten years it witnessed that Anthropogenic activity like paddy (Boro) cultivation in the river, sand and stone lifting by JCB from the river bed, use of pesticides and herbicides in the nearby tea garden made a remarkable change in the habitat of the aquatic weeds of the river. Embankment on the mother river Jaldhaka gradually lowered down the river depth. Watering of tea garden by ground water by using motor pump or by river water lowered the aquifer zone of the river bed. And the river will be finally dried out losing its current, leaving some waterlogged areas on its way along with complete destruction of flora and fauna. As it has already been happened to the nearby two river Sheuli and Kachua of Mekhliganj Block respectively. Our study is to focus the weeds variety now prevails in the river Sutunga along with its seasonal variation. And the impact of human activities how makes the change of weeds habitat in the river water.

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Keywords: Anthropogenic activities Sand mining, Boro rice, floras & faunas

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Aim of the study is to assess the effectiveness of mindfulness meditation techniques on stress reduction among first year nursing students at selected colleges of district Mandi, H.P.

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A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MINDFULNESS MEDITATION TECHNIQUES ON STRESS REDUCTION AMONG FIRST YEAR NURSING STUDENTS AT SELECTED COLLEGES OF DISTRICT MANDI, H.P.

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The criminal law undergoes sea changes with the passage of time. The old criminal laws were based on the philosophy of Dharma, Tradition and Customary Practices. During the British period it was based on will and whelm of British philosophy to suppress and punish the people. The provisions under Indian Penal Code, 1860 (hereinafter IPC) inclined more towards punishment rather than reformation. With the introduction of various international convention on Human Rights and constitutional provisions these laws undergone rapid change. In 2023 new law was introduced as Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (hereinafter BNS). The new philosophical journey is started from punishment to Nyaya. The modern changes in BNS significantly shape the new philosophy of criminal law. The main focus of BNS is on the restorative justice. In other words, one can say it is paradigm shift from punishment to Nyaya. The emphasis on social justice, proportionality, fairness, and human rights characterizes the modern criminal law doctrine. It aims to develop a criminal justice system that is more egalitarian and just while taking into account the problems of the 21st century. The concept behind criminal law will surely continue to change and adapt as society does in order to suit the ever-changing demands of both individuals and communities. In this article the researcher will discuss the principles of restorative justice models that prioritize rehabilitation of offender and victim instead of punishment. Secondly, the major changes and challenges occur due to introduction of this new laws.

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Philosophy of Criminal Law, BNS, IPC, Nyaya, criminal justice system, Punishment

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Darchini, commonly known as cinnamon, holds a significant place in traditional systems of medicine, including Unani Medicine. This aromatic spice has been utilized for centuries in Unani Medicine, an ancient healing system based on the teachings of Greek physician Hippocrates and further developed by renowned scholars such as Avicenna. In recent years, scientific research has shed light on the diverse pharmacological properties of cinnamon, including its antioxidant, immunomodulator, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, nephroprotective, neuroprotective, anticancer, cardiovascular, antimicrobial, wound healing etc., effects. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the traditional uses and therapeutic potential of Darchini within the framework of Unani Medicine, highlighting its applications in managing various health conditions. Additionally, this review aims to bridge the traditional knowledge of Unani Medicine with contemporary scientific findings to enhance the understanding and utilization of Darchini in modern healthcare practices.

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Darchini; Unani Medicine; traditional Medicine; Therapeutic importance

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