Volume 13 | Issue 9

 Abstract

ABSTRACT: Insurance is a protection against financial thrashing arising on the happening of an unexpected event. Insurance policy helps in not only modifying risks but also provides a financial influence against adverse financial loads suffered. Insurance is a contract between two parties, the insurer or the insurance company, and the insured, the person in search of the protection. Within this contract, the insurer agrees to pay the insurer for financial losses arising out of any unexpected events or risk in return for a regular payment of premium. Therefore, these insurance plans are also called as a Risk Cover Plans, which refers to financially reimburse for losses that occur uncertainly through accident, illness, theft, natural disaster. Inadequately protected families often put burden on public resources for their welfare. The essentials of demand for risk security are 'Age', 'Income', 'Affordability', 'Wealth' and finally 'the aspiration to protect income from Inflation'. Though aggregate demand is driven by these factors, various researches have shown that there is little connection between a specific family's need for security and its actual purchase of insurance.

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Keywords: Beneficiary: Life Insurance, Industry, Insurer, Awareness, Assurance

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Imagination in children's stories is often labeled as mere fantasy, but in reality, it serves as a vital tool for coping with pain, grief, and loneliness. Katherine Paterson's Bridge to Terabithia (1977) illustrates this power through the friendship of Jesse Aarons and Leslie Burke, who together create the imaginary world of Terabithia. This paper explores how imagination acts as a healing force in the novel. By examining Jesse's journey through literary analysis, it shows how the act of creating and inhabiting Terabithia helps him manage feelings of exclusion, face his fears, and ultimately endure the loss of his closest friend. The study draws on both literary and psychological perspectives to argue that Terabithia is not simply a retreat from reality, but a meaningful space where Jesse learns resilience, empathy, and emotional strength. The conclusion suggests that imagination functions as a transformative process, turning sorrow into growth and enabling children to find hope in the midst of loss.

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Imagination, healing, children's literature, grief, Bridge to Terabithia, resilience

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The geographical and cultural condition of Chhattisgarh state makes it very suitable for community media. There is a lot of diversity here culturally and linguistically as well. Language, lifestyle of people, food, art and folk music, all effectively define the culture of Chhattisgarh, but the mainstream media has been constantly ignoring these heritages and the cultural aspirations of the people, for which there is a need for a medium that can become the voice of the people. Due to inaccessible hilly terrain, dense forests and the network of rivers, many areas of this state remain cut off from each other. During the rainy season many areas are in the grip of heavy rains and it becomes difficult to reach these areas. In such a situation, even restoring communication services is a big challenge, in which the mainstream media has often failed. According to the geographical economic and cultural situation of Chhattisgarh, radio proves to be the most suitable of all mediums of communication. Here the need of communication of the people can be fulfilled easily and effectively through the broadcast media. This paper points out the challenges towards the community radio. It also discusses about the relevance of the community radio as a medium of communication for marginalized people.

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community media, Community Radio, Broadcasting, Chhattisgarh, Development.

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MOCRISPONGE GEL, IMIQUIMOD

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Hydrogel herbal patch combines the beneficial properties of hydrogels, such as biocompatibility and controlled drug release, with the therapeutic potential of herbal extracts. These patches are designed for topical application, offering a moist wound. healing environment and delivering active herbal compounds directly to the affected area. They can be particularly useful for treating wounds, skin conditions, or delivering localized drug therapies. Hydrogel herbal patches represent a convergence of two promising fields: hydrogel technology and herbal medicine. Hydrogels, with their ability to absorb large amounts of water and form a gel-like structure, they provide an ideal environment for wound healing. by maintaining moisture and facilitating nutrient exchange. Furthermore, their biocompatibility and capacity for controlled drug release makes them suitable for delivering therapeutic substances directly to the site of application.

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Hydrogel Patch, Chitosen, Polyvinyl Alcohol, Polyethylene Glycol, etc.

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Objective: The present review aims to explore the therapeutic potential of Wrightia tinctoria (Roxb.) R. Br., emphasizing its traditional applications, phytochemical profile, pharmacological activities, mechanisms of action, safety aspects, and recent advancements in formulation strategies for improved clinical utility. Methodology: Relevant literature was collected from scientific databases including PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, covering ethnopharmacological reports, phytochemical analyses, pharmacological investigations, and formulation studies up to 2024. Keywords used were "Wrightia tinctoria," "psoriasis," "flavonoids," "anti-inflammatory," "phytoconstituents," and "formulations." Articles focusing on traditional uses, bioactive compounds, pharmacological mechanisms, toxicity studies, and modern drug delivery systems were critically reviewed and analyzed. Results: Wrightia tinctoria was found to be traditionally employed in the treatment of dermatological, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, and infectious disorders. Phytochemical studies revealed the presence of flavonoids (quercetin, rutin, kaempferol), triterpenoids (lupeol, amyrin), sterols, alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, and fatty acids. Experimental evidence supports its anti-psoriatic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, anticancer, and wound-healing activities. Mechanisms of action involve modulation of oxidative stress, inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines, normalization of keratinocyte proliferation, and regulation of immune pathways. Novel delivery systems such as nanoemulsions, liposomes, and phytosomes demonstrated improved bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. Toxicological assessments indicated general safety at therapeutic doses, though comprehensive clinical validation is limited. Conclusion: Wrightia tinctoria integrates traditional knowledge with modern pharmacological evidence and represents a promising candidate for safe and effective herbal therapeutics, particularly in dermatological conditions such as psoriasis. However, large-scale clinical trials, standardization of extracts, and detailed mechanistic studies are necessary to establish its therapeutic reliability and facilitate regulatory acceptance.

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Wrightia tinctoria, anti-psoriatic, phytochemistry, pharmacology, traditional medicine, formulation

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This paper investigates the significance of the Historical School of Jurisprudence within the framework of the 21st-century globalized legal landscape. It delves into the School’s origins, core theories, and the contributions of prominent jurists such as Savigny and Puchta, juxtaposing its emphasis on organic legal evolution with the hierarchical methodologies of natural law and legal positivism. Through a thorough literature review, the paper underscores how the historical and cultural specificity promoted by the Historical School enables contemporary legal systems to reconcile the demands of globalization with the necessity for stability, continuity, and reverence for tradition. By engaging with the discussions surrounding the globalization and localization of law, this study concludes that the perspectives of the Historical School are essential for facilitating legal reforms that are both progressive and attuned to context

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School of jurisprudence

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This paper investigates fuzzy lucky labeling for book graphs and friendship graphs. We prove that two fuzzy values suffice for multi-page book graphs, while three are required for proper fuzzy lucky labeling of friendship graphs. These constructive results establish the minimal labeling numbers and contribute to the theory of fuzzy graphs, with potential applications in network modeling.

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This paper investigates fuzzy lucky labeling for book graphs and friendship graphs. We prove that two fuzzy values suffice for multi-page book graphs, while three are required for proper fuzzy lucky labeling of friendship graphs. These constructive results establish the minimal labeling numbers and contribute to the theory of fuzzy graphs, with potential applications in network modeling.

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A STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A STRUCTURED TEACHING PROGRAMME ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING RISK OF OSTEOPOROSIS AMONG PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN ATTENDING OPD AT NMCH, JAMUHAR

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Capparis divaricata is used as antiseptic, in asthma, stomach problems and post-delivery complaints in tribal medicine. The present investigation has been focussed on leaf extracts of C. divaricate, screened for phytochemicals, antimicrobial activity and antioxidant activity. Total phenols and total antioxidants were estimated using Folin-ceocaltue reagent and ammonium molybdate reduction assay respectively. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 2,6,6- trimethyl-bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-ylamine,1,6;2,3-dianhydro-4-deoxy-?-d-lyxo-hexopyranose, Heptanal, Oleic acid, Octanol, 3-nonen-2-ol, 1,3-cyclohexanediol,cis, Z,z,z-1,4,6,9-nona decatetraene, 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid methyl ester, (all-z)-, Bisnorallocholanic acid. 1,2-pentadiene 4-methoxy-4-methyl o, Glutaraldehyde, naphthalene propanol, a- thyldecahydro-5-(hydroxymethyl)- a, 5, 8a-trimethyl-2-methyl. Free-radical scavenging activity was correlated with total phenolic content and total antioxidants. Aqueous and alcoholic leaf extracts were effective on B. Subtilis and K. pneumonia respectively. The results support the use of plant in the traditional medicines might be useful in various medicaments after thorough in vivo studies.

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Capparis divaricata, Heptanal, Oleic acid, Octanol, 3-nonen-2-ol, 1,3-cyclohexanediol, Antibacterial activity, antioxidant potential.

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An overview of the technology and its potential applications is provided in this article. In addition, this paper will examine how artificial intelligence technologies are currently used in computer games, accounting databases, medical image classification, hospital inpatient care, network intrusion, power system stabilisation (PSS) design, medical are a medicine, and to protect computer and communication networks from intruders. The rapid advancement of artificial intelligences? digital technologies is transforming the pr sector, redefining drug discovery distribution and patient care. Develop In many capacities, intelligent machines will eventually replace or improve human talents. The intelligence displayed by software or robots is known as artificial intelligence. It belongs to the domain of computer science. The study of artificial intelligence is growing in popularity among computer scientists since it has greatly improved human lives in many ways. The performance of the industrial and service systems has significantly increased over the last 20 years because to artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence research has spawned the expert system, a fast-expanding technology. Expert systems, a type of application of artificial intelligence, are frequently employed nowadays to tackle complicated issues in a variety of industries, including science, engineering, commerce, medicine, and weather forecasting. The quality and efficiency have increased in the sectors using artificial intelligence.

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Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, Components, global impact, Drug discovery, online pharmacy platforms

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Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are considered the backbone of India's economic growth, contributing significantly to GDP, employment generation, exports, and industrial diversification. In Jharkhand, particularly in the Adityapur-Gamharia industrial region near Jamshedpur, MSMEs have developed strong linkages with large automotive companies, becoming vital components of the regional supply chain ecosystem. This paper explores the economic impact of MSMEs and entrepreneurs in Jharkhand through the lens of supply chain management (SCM). It integrates a case study of automotive MSMEs in Adityapur-Gamharia and applies a regression analysis model to empirically analyze how supply chain enablers influence MSME performance. and further develops a comparative study with the Pune automotive MSME cluster in Maharashtra. The findings reveal that while Jharkhand's MSMEs benefit from proximity to OEMs, challenges in credit access and digital adoption persist when compared to Maharashtra. The study concludes that factors like capital investment, digital adoption, credit access, and supply chain integration significantly improve MSME competitiveness and contribute to sustainable regional development.

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MSMEs, Entrepreneurs, Supply Chain Management, Economic Development, Jharkhand, Regression Analysis

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The critical role of child nutrition during school years, noting high rates of malnutrition in India, particularly in Bihar. Despite some progress, acute and chronic malnutrition remains significant issues due to factors like poverty, unhealthy diets, and insufficient dietary diversity. Processed food consumption and changing food habits have worsened the situation, especially in urban areas. Traditional nutrition interventions have had limited impact, prompting the need for more effective, context-specific approaches such as peer education. The urgent nutritional challenges in Bihar highlight the need for innovative, sustainable, and community-driven strategies to improve children's health and learning outcomes.

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Child, Unhealthy Eating Habits, Child Nutrition, School

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The Snake Game has remained a timeless arcade classic due to its simplicity and engaging gameplay. However, traditional implementations often lack adaptability, realism, and interactive features expected by modern players. This paper presents an enhanced Snake Game framework developed using HTML5 and JavaScript, designed to provide realistic visuals and adaptive gameplay mechanics. The system introduces an environment with dynamic backgrounds, smooth animations, and emoji-based food elements that assign variable scoring values, thereby enriching the player's experience. The framework also incorporates progressive difficulty adjustment, where game speed and challenges increase with higher scores, creating a balance between entertainment and skill development. Experimental evaluation demonstrates that the proposed design significantly improves engagement, usability, and replay value compared to conventional versions. This study highlights the potential of combining lightweight web technologies with adaptive mechanics to modernize classic games for educational and entertainment purposes.

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Snake Game, HTML5, JavaScript, Adaptive Gameplay, Realistic Visuals, Game Development

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In Indian film industries the movie focus about significant underlying psychological issues that has not been talked enough and by discussing portrayal of complex characters. The South Indian film Manichithrathazhu (1993), it's a seminal Malayalam psychological thriller which explores themes like complex of a women fractured identity, trauma and relationships the character portrays the underlying medical issues which connected to chronic trauma, the character is exposed to traumatic circumstances over an extended period. The character Ganga, a young woman moved to ancestral house and she get possessed by the spirit of Nagavalli, a dance in earlier centuries. The character Ganga in Manichitrathazhu is analysed as a woman who is unknowingly suffered from Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) due to the loneliness and repressed emotion developed even from the childhood, begin experiencing mentally distressed linked to a tragic historical past. The paper examines the profound impact Ganga's mental crisis affect her husband, Nakhulan (Suresh Gopi). His role depicted as a deeply loving partner who attempted to conventional means evolve into the selfless struggle for save his partner. Nakhulan's role highlights the importance a supportive and understanding partner in the phase of psychological crisis, even also when his partner confronting overwhelming obstacles. By summarizing the abstract this paper explores various types of psychological issues showing the unspoken reality of the society that has not focused or discussed in any particular scenario. Through this depiction of these fragmented psyches, these movies offer a lens through which to understand the psychological issue of individuals.

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relationship, trauma, psychological crisis, conventional, struggle, reality

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TRUTH IN FICTION:Unveiling Social Injustice "Unveiling the Real Stories Behind the Myths " Paavai Kathakal, when interpreted through the lens of subaltern theory, reveals the unheard and unseen narratives of women, marginalized castes, and religious minorities in Indian society. This paper aims to explore the intersectionality of caste, religion, and gender within the cinematic framework of Paavai Kathakal. Situating it within the broader socio-political context of India over the last two decades. The narrative structure, characterization, and visual symbolism, the film is analyzed as a voice for the voiceless, representing women from Dalit, Adivasi, and minority communities who navigate layers of oppression. The paper further evaluates the gendered portrayal of morality and victimhood, exposing how women's bodies often become sites of caste and communal violence. Through a subaltern lens, Paavai Kathakal not only critiques hegemonic narratives but also reconstructs alternative histories that challenge dominant cultural ideologies. Society, as reflected in the film, often disguises systemic oppression as cultural values or moral duty. From a subaltern perspective, the anthology becomes a space of resistance -- not just storytelling but truth-telling -- offering alternative histories where the marginalized attempt to reclaim their narrative. Drawing on Spivak's critical question, "Can the Subaltern Speak?", this paper argues that Paava Kadhaigal answers through cinema: the subaltern speaks, bleeds, resists -- and demands to be heard.We aim to prove how social injustice rooted in caste and societal norms oppresses marginalized voices, limiting freedom, love, and identity.

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Key words :Subaltern, Women, Symbolism ,Morality, Victimhood

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Background of the Study: Nyctophobia is a relatively rare specific phobia characterized by an irrational and persistent fear of darkness. While often associated with childhood, it can persist into adulthood and significantly impact daily functioning. Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to assess the level of knowledge regarding the risk factors and warning signs of Nyctophobia among affected individuals. Methodology: The study targeted individuals aged 35 to 40 years. A total of 20 clients were selected based on their scores using the Nyctophobia Severity Scale (PSS) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale. Participants were given a self-administered questionnaire focused on identifying their knowledge of Nyctophobia risk factors and warning signs. Outcome Measures: Participants' knowledge levels were assessed using the questionnaire, specifically examining awareness of risk factors related to Nyctophobia. Results: Among the 20 clients, 50% demonstrated poor knowledge (0-50%), 25% had moderate knowledge (51-75%), and the remaining 25% showed good knowledge (76-100%) regarding the risk factors and warning signs of Nyctophobia. Conclusion: The study revealed that a majority of individuals with Nyctophobia had limited knowledge about its associated risk factors and warning signs. These findings highlight the need for increased education and awareness to support early recognition and effective management of the condition.

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knowledge, Risk factors, warning signs of Nyctophobia, selected community

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This study investigates the impact of circuit training and Thera-band exercises on Body Mass Index (BMI) and Percentage of Body Fat among middle-aged men. A pre-test and post-test experimental design was employed, with participants divided into Circuit Training Group (CTG), Thera-band Group (TBG), and a Control Group (CG). Data were analyzed using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) to assess the effectiveness of the interventions. Results revealed significant improvements in BMI and Percentage of Body Fat in both intervention groups, with circuit training demonstrating the highest effectiveness. These findings emphasize the importance of structured training programs in optimizing body composition and overall health in middle-aged men.

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Circuit training, Thera-band exercises, Body Mass Index, Percentage of Body Fat, middle-aged men.

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Abstract: Women entrepreneurship in India has gained considerable attention in recent decades due to its potential to transform the socio-economic fabric of the country. Women are increasingly stepping into entrepreneurial roles across various sectors, breaking stereotypes, and contributing significantly to employment generation, poverty alleviation, and innovation. However, despite their progress, women entrepreneurs continue to face a host of challenges, ranging from financial constraints and socio-cultural barriers to lack of institutional support and limited access to markets. This paper explores the economic potential of women entrepreneurs in India by analysing secondary data from government reports, international organizations, and scholarly research. The study emphasizes the importance of unlocking this potential through gender-sensitive policies, financial inclusion, digital empowerment, mentorship, and supportive ecosystems. Solutions are suggested in alignment with the objectives of the study. The findings reveal that women entrepreneurship can act as a multiplier effect for economic growth, contributing to India's GDP, job creation, and inclusive development. If adequately supported, women entrepreneurs could redefine India's trajectory as a global economic powerhouse.

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Keywords: Women Entrepreneurs, Economic Potential, India, Gender Equality, Inclusive growth, financial inclusion.

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Buddhist thought, with its emphasis on interdependence, compassion, and non-harming (ahi?s?), offers a profound framework for addressing contemporary environmental crises. This paper explores how Buddhist principles such as dependent origination (prat?tyasamutp?da), impermanence (anicca), non-self (an?tman), and compassion (karu??) inform an environmental ethic grounded in responsibility, restraint, and reverence for life. Drawing on classical texts, modern interpretations by Buddhist leaders, and recent scholarship, the paper argues that Buddhist environmental ethics is not only compatible with ecological sustainability but also provides a spiritual and philosophical depth often missing in secular ecological discourse. By situating Buddhist ecological thought within both classical Indian traditions and global environmental philosophy, the paper contributes to ongoing debates on how ancient wisdom can guide contemporary ecological responsibility.

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interdependence, impermanence, environmental, ancient

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition