Volume 13 | Issue 9

 Abstract

The growing adoption of Storage as a Service (STaaS) as a transformative solution for data management within higher education. Universities and colleges face unprecedented data growth from research, administrative records, and a shift toward digital learning. This study examines how STaaS addresses these challenges by offering a scalable, cost-effective, and secure alternative to traditional on-premise storage. Through a review of current literature and an analysis of key benefits and risks, this paper argues that while STaaS provides significant advantages in efficiency and flexibility, institutions must navigate complex issues of data security, privacy, and vendor lock-in to ensure a successful transition.

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Cloud Computing, Storage as a Service, Data Management, Cybersecurity, Scalability, Cost-Effectiveness.

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and impaired insulin secretion or action. Despite advancements in synthetic drugs, limitations such as high cost, side effects, and limited accessibility necessitate exploration of alternative therapies. Medicinal plants have long served as valuable sources of bioactive compounds with therapeutic potential. Xanthium strumarium is widely distributed weed belonging to the Asteraceae family, is traditionally used for diverse ailments, including inflammatory, hepatic, and skin disorders. The present study was designed to isolate, extract, and characterize the active constituents of X. strumarium with anti-diabetic potential. Extraction was performed using ethanol and methanol, followed by fractionation through column chromatography. Active compounds were characterized using UV-Vis, FTIR. Pharmacological evaluation was carried out on streptozotocin-Nicotinamide induced diabetic rats to determine fasting blood glucose levels, body weight, and biochemical parameters. Results revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, and sesquiterpene lactones, with significant hypoglycemic effects comparable to standard metformin treatment. The findings suggest that X. strumarium contains bioactive compounds that could be developed into natural anti-diabetic agents. Further studies, including clinical evaluation and toxicity profiling, are warranted.

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Xanthium strumarium, diabetes mellitus, phytochemicals, extraction, isolation, characterization, anti-diabetic activity

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Abstract: Generation Z (born 1997-2012) represents the first truly digital-native cohort, reshaping politics, spirituality, social media culture, and consumer behavior in ways that significantly impact both global and South Asian contexts. This study, titled, Generation Z and the Shaping of Tomorrow: Politics, Spirituality, and social media in the Global Future, critically examines how Gen Z mobilizes across these dimensions. Relying on secondary data from global institutions, government reports, scholarly publications, and press sources (2018-2025), the research investigates five interlinked objectives: political engagement, spiritual orientations, social media and identity formation, consumer behavior in the digital economy, and case studies of South Asian transformations. Findings highlight that Gen Z is not merely a demographic group but an active force of change. Politically, they exhibit issue-based activism, leveraging digital platforms for low-cost, high-impact mobilization--as seen in Nepal, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka. Spiritually, Gen Z demonstrates hybrid practices, participating in large-scale rituals such as the Kumbh Mela 2025 while simultaneously consuming online spiritual content. Socially, their identities are shaped by social media ecosystems where self-expression, activism, and consumer lifestyles intersect. Economically, Gen Z emerges as ethical consumers who prioritize sustainability, authenticity, and digital-first experiences. Case studies confirm that Gen Z's influence is both disruptive and constructive, blending tradition with innovation to reshape civic life, cultural belonging, and the digital economy. The study concludes that Generation Z embodies a "glocal" identity--locally rooted yet globally connected--making them pivotal actors in shaping political accountability, religious adaptation, consumer markets, and digital cultures. By contextualizing Gen Z's role in South Asia alongside global patterns, this thesis offers insights for policymakers, educators, spiritual institutions, and businesses to engage effectively with a generation that is redefining the contours of tomorrow.

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Keywords: Generation Z; South Asia; Digital Natives; Political Engagement; Spirituality; Kumbh Mela 2025; Social Media Identity; Digital Economy; Consumer Behavior; Youth Movements; Nepal Protests 2025; Bangladesh Student Movements; Sri Lanka Economic Crisis; Hybrid Spirituality; Global Identity

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This paper presents a comprehensive and data-driven analysis of the Effect of inflation and interest rate Movements on investment portfolios. Renowned for their profound influence on financial markets, inflation and interest rates are critical macroeconomic variables that shape investment strategies and portfolio performance. In our approach, we examine historical data and economic trends to assess how various asset classes--such as equities, bonds, real estate, and commodities--respond to changes in inflation and interest rates. To achieve this, we construct diversified portfolio models and simulate performance under different economic scenarios. These models exhibit insightful patterns in asset behavior, enabling investors to make informed decisions in volatile market conditions. We delve into the underlying economic theories, modeling techniques, and risk mitigation strategies employed to optimize portfolio resilience. Furthermore, we present empirical evaluation results using standard financial performance metrics, demonstrating the sensitivity of portfolios to inflationary pressures and monetary policy shifts. The study's practical relevance is underscored by its actionable insights for both institutional and individual investors navigating uncertain economic environments.

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Keywords: Inflation, Interest rates, Investment portfolios, Macroeconomics, Financial modeling, Risk management

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Background: Overweight individuals often experience reduced endurance, which can negatively affect daily functioning and overall health. Exercise interventions such as treadmill walking and cycle ergometer training are commonly prescribed to improve endurance. However, limited evidence exists comparing their relative effectiveness in overweight adults. Objective: To compare the impact of treadmill and cycle ergometer exercise on endurance among overweight individuals. Methods: A comparative study was conducted using a convenient sampling method to evaluate the effects of treadmill and cycle ergometer training on endurance in overweight individuals. Thirty participants (Body Mass Index 25-29.9) aged 20-40 years were recruited and allocated into two groups: Group A (treadmill training) and Group B (cycle ergometer training). The study was carried out at Cure 'N' Care Physiotherapy and Fitness Centre, Ayanavaram, Chennai, where participants underwent a 3-week intervention. Endurance was assessed pre- and post-intervention using the Six Minute Walk Test (6MWT). Individuals with cardiovascular, respiratory, musculoskeletal, metabolic, or lifestyle-related risk factors were excluded from the study. Results: Statistical analysis revealed that the post-test mean 6MWT distance was 420 meters for Group A and 385 meters for Group B. The mean difference of 35 meters was statistically significant, with a p-value of 0.021 (p < 0.05). This indicates that treadmill training resulted in greater improvement in endurance compared to cycle ergometer training. Conclusion: Both treadmill and cycle ergometer exercises enhanced endurance in overweight individuals. However, treadmill training was found to be significantly more effective than cycle ergometer training. These findings suggest that treadmill-based exercise may be the preferred intervention for improving endurance in overweight adults.

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Overweight, Endurance, Treadmill Exercise, Cycle Ergometer, Six Minute Walk Test

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This study examines how well rural Indian children in grades 3-6 perform in reading and numeracy while using AI-driven personalized learning (AIPL) systems. The study compares the learning outcomes of 24 rural schools that used an AIPL intervention with 24 matched control schools over the course of a school year using a mixed-methods quasi-experimental approach. Attendance, platform engagement analytics, and pre- and post-intervention standardized literacy and numeracy tests are examples of quantitative metrics; student focus groups, instructor interviews, and classroom observations are examples of qualitative data. The findings show improved retention and engagement metrics, more improvements among students with lower baselines, and statistically significant gains in both reading and numeracy scores for the intervention group (effect sizes: d = 0.38 for literacy, d = 0.44 for numeracy). According to qualitative research, culturally relevant information, adaptive pace, and instant feedback improved student motivation and assisted teachers in focusing their lessons. Recommendations for scalable implementation, infrastructural investment, teacher professional development, and policy alignment are included in the paper's conclusion.

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AI-driven personalized learning, adaptive learning, literacy, numeracy, rural education, India, mixed-methods, edtech, learning analytics

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ABSTRACT: Insurance is a protection against financial thrashing arising on the happening of an unexpected event. Insurance policy helps in not only modifying risks but also provides a financial influence against adverse financial loads suffered. Insurance is a contract between two parties, the insurer or the insurance company, and the insured, the person in search of the protection. Within this contract, the insurer agrees to pay the insurer for financial losses arising out of any unexpected events or risk in return for a regular payment of premium. Therefore, these insurance plans are also called as a Risk Cover Plans, which refers to financially reimburse for losses that occur uncertainly through accident, illness, theft, natural disaster. Inadequately protected families often put burden on public resources for their welfare. The essentials of demand for risk security are 'Age', 'Income', 'Affordability', 'Wealth' and finally 'the aspiration to protect income from Inflation'. Though aggregate demand is driven by these factors, various researches have shown that there is little connection between a specific family's need for security and its actual purchase of insurance.

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Keywords: Beneficiary: Life Insurance, Industry, Insurer, Awareness, Assurance

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Imagination in children's stories is often labeled as mere fantasy, but in reality, it serves as a vital tool for coping with pain, grief, and loneliness. Katherine Paterson's Bridge to Terabithia (1977) illustrates this power through the friendship of Jesse Aarons and Leslie Burke, who together create the imaginary world of Terabithia. This paper explores how imagination acts as a healing force in the novel. By examining Jesse's journey through literary analysis, it shows how the act of creating and inhabiting Terabithia helps him manage feelings of exclusion, face his fears, and ultimately endure the loss of his closest friend. The study draws on both literary and psychological perspectives to argue that Terabithia is not simply a retreat from reality, but a meaningful space where Jesse learns resilience, empathy, and emotional strength. The conclusion suggests that imagination functions as a transformative process, turning sorrow into growth and enabling children to find hope in the midst of loss.

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Imagination, healing, children's literature, grief, Bridge to Terabithia, resilience

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The geographical and cultural condition of Chhattisgarh state makes it very suitable for community media. There is a lot of diversity here culturally and linguistically as well. Language, lifestyle of people, food, art and folk music, all effectively define the culture of Chhattisgarh, but the mainstream media has been constantly ignoring these heritages and the cultural aspirations of the people, for which there is a need for a medium that can become the voice of the people. Due to inaccessible hilly terrain, dense forests and the network of rivers, many areas of this state remain cut off from each other. During the rainy season many areas are in the grip of heavy rains and it becomes difficult to reach these areas. In such a situation, even restoring communication services is a big challenge, in which the mainstream media has often failed. According to the geographical economic and cultural situation of Chhattisgarh, radio proves to be the most suitable of all mediums of communication. Here the need of communication of the people can be fulfilled easily and effectively through the broadcast media. This paper points out the challenges towards the community radio. It also discusses about the relevance of the community radio as a medium of communication for marginalized people.

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community media, Community Radio, Broadcasting, Chhattisgarh, Development.

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MOCRISPONGE GEL, IMIQUIMOD

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Hydrogel herbal patch combines the beneficial properties of hydrogels, such as biocompatibility and controlled drug release, with the therapeutic potential of herbal extracts. These patches are designed for topical application, offering a moist wound. healing environment and delivering active herbal compounds directly to the affected area. They can be particularly useful for treating wounds, skin conditions, or delivering localized drug therapies. Hydrogel herbal patches represent a convergence of two promising fields: hydrogel technology and herbal medicine. Hydrogels, with their ability to absorb large amounts of water and form a gel-like structure, they provide an ideal environment for wound healing. by maintaining moisture and facilitating nutrient exchange. Furthermore, their biocompatibility and capacity for controlled drug release makes them suitable for delivering therapeutic substances directly to the site of application.

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Hydrogel Patch, Chitosen, Polyvinyl Alcohol, Polyethylene Glycol, etc.

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Objective: The present review aims to explore the therapeutic potential of Wrightia tinctoria (Roxb.) R. Br., emphasizing its traditional applications, phytochemical profile, pharmacological activities, mechanisms of action, safety aspects, and recent advancements in formulation strategies for improved clinical utility. Methodology: Relevant literature was collected from scientific databases including PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, covering ethnopharmacological reports, phytochemical analyses, pharmacological investigations, and formulation studies up to 2024. Keywords used were "Wrightia tinctoria," "psoriasis," "flavonoids," "anti-inflammatory," "phytoconstituents," and "formulations." Articles focusing on traditional uses, bioactive compounds, pharmacological mechanisms, toxicity studies, and modern drug delivery systems were critically reviewed and analyzed. Results: Wrightia tinctoria was found to be traditionally employed in the treatment of dermatological, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, and infectious disorders. Phytochemical studies revealed the presence of flavonoids (quercetin, rutin, kaempferol), triterpenoids (lupeol, amyrin), sterols, alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, and fatty acids. Experimental evidence supports its anti-psoriatic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, anticancer, and wound-healing activities. Mechanisms of action involve modulation of oxidative stress, inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines, normalization of keratinocyte proliferation, and regulation of immune pathways. Novel delivery systems such as nanoemulsions, liposomes, and phytosomes demonstrated improved bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. Toxicological assessments indicated general safety at therapeutic doses, though comprehensive clinical validation is limited. Conclusion: Wrightia tinctoria integrates traditional knowledge with modern pharmacological evidence and represents a promising candidate for safe and effective herbal therapeutics, particularly in dermatological conditions such as psoriasis. However, large-scale clinical trials, standardization of extracts, and detailed mechanistic studies are necessary to establish its therapeutic reliability and facilitate regulatory acceptance.

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Wrightia tinctoria, anti-psoriatic, phytochemistry, pharmacology, traditional medicine, formulation

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This paper investigates the significance of the Historical School of Jurisprudence within the framework of the 21st-century globalized legal landscape. It delves into the School’s origins, core theories, and the contributions of prominent jurists such as Savigny and Puchta, juxtaposing its emphasis on organic legal evolution with the hierarchical methodologies of natural law and legal positivism. Through a thorough literature review, the paper underscores how the historical and cultural specificity promoted by the Historical School enables contemporary legal systems to reconcile the demands of globalization with the necessity for stability, continuity, and reverence for tradition. By engaging with the discussions surrounding the globalization and localization of law, this study concludes that the perspectives of the Historical School are essential for facilitating legal reforms that are both progressive and attuned to context

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School of jurisprudence

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This paper investigates fuzzy lucky labeling for book graphs and friendship graphs. We prove that two fuzzy values suffice for multi-page book graphs, while three are required for proper fuzzy lucky labeling of friendship graphs. These constructive results establish the minimal labeling numbers and contribute to the theory of fuzzy graphs, with potential applications in network modeling.

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This paper investigates fuzzy lucky labeling for book graphs and friendship graphs. We prove that two fuzzy values suffice for multi-page book graphs, while three are required for proper fuzzy lucky labeling of friendship graphs. These constructive results establish the minimal labeling numbers and contribute to the theory of fuzzy graphs, with potential applications in network modeling.

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A STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A STRUCTURED TEACHING PROGRAMME ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING RISK OF OSTEOPOROSIS AMONG PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN ATTENDING OPD AT NMCH, JAMUHAR

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Capparis divaricata is used as antiseptic, in asthma, stomach problems and post-delivery complaints in tribal medicine. The present investigation has been focussed on leaf extracts of C. divaricate, screened for phytochemicals, antimicrobial activity and antioxidant activity. Total phenols and total antioxidants were estimated using Folin-ceocaltue reagent and ammonium molybdate reduction assay respectively. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 2,6,6- trimethyl-bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-ylamine,1,6;2,3-dianhydro-4-deoxy-?-d-lyxo-hexopyranose, Heptanal, Oleic acid, Octanol, 3-nonen-2-ol, 1,3-cyclohexanediol,cis, Z,z,z-1,4,6,9-nona decatetraene, 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid methyl ester, (all-z)-, Bisnorallocholanic acid. 1,2-pentadiene 4-methoxy-4-methyl o, Glutaraldehyde, naphthalene propanol, a- thyldecahydro-5-(hydroxymethyl)- a, 5, 8a-trimethyl-2-methyl. Free-radical scavenging activity was correlated with total phenolic content and total antioxidants. Aqueous and alcoholic leaf extracts were effective on B. Subtilis and K. pneumonia respectively. The results support the use of plant in the traditional medicines might be useful in various medicaments after thorough in vivo studies.

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Capparis divaricata, Heptanal, Oleic acid, Octanol, 3-nonen-2-ol, 1,3-cyclohexanediol, Antibacterial activity, antioxidant potential.

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An overview of the technology and its potential applications is provided in this article. In addition, this paper will examine how artificial intelligence technologies are currently used in computer games, accounting databases, medical image classification, hospital inpatient care, network intrusion, power system stabilisation (PSS) design, medical are a medicine, and to protect computer and communication networks from intruders. The rapid advancement of artificial intelligences? digital technologies is transforming the pr sector, redefining drug discovery distribution and patient care. Develop In many capacities, intelligent machines will eventually replace or improve human talents. The intelligence displayed by software or robots is known as artificial intelligence. It belongs to the domain of computer science. The study of artificial intelligence is growing in popularity among computer scientists since it has greatly improved human lives in many ways. The performance of the industrial and service systems has significantly increased over the last 20 years because to artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence research has spawned the expert system, a fast-expanding technology. Expert systems, a type of application of artificial intelligence, are frequently employed nowadays to tackle complicated issues in a variety of industries, including science, engineering, commerce, medicine, and weather forecasting. The quality and efficiency have increased in the sectors using artificial intelligence.

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Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, Components, global impact, Drug discovery, online pharmacy platforms

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Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are considered the backbone of India's economic growth, contributing significantly to GDP, employment generation, exports, and industrial diversification. In Jharkhand, particularly in the Adityapur-Gamharia industrial region near Jamshedpur, MSMEs have developed strong linkages with large automotive companies, becoming vital components of the regional supply chain ecosystem. This paper explores the economic impact of MSMEs and entrepreneurs in Jharkhand through the lens of supply chain management (SCM). It integrates a case study of automotive MSMEs in Adityapur-Gamharia and applies a regression analysis model to empirically analyze how supply chain enablers influence MSME performance. and further develops a comparative study with the Pune automotive MSME cluster in Maharashtra. The findings reveal that while Jharkhand's MSMEs benefit from proximity to OEMs, challenges in credit access and digital adoption persist when compared to Maharashtra. The study concludes that factors like capital investment, digital adoption, credit access, and supply chain integration significantly improve MSME competitiveness and contribute to sustainable regional development.

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MSMEs, Entrepreneurs, Supply Chain Management, Economic Development, Jharkhand, Regression Analysis

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The critical role of child nutrition during school years, noting high rates of malnutrition in India, particularly in Bihar. Despite some progress, acute and chronic malnutrition remains significant issues due to factors like poverty, unhealthy diets, and insufficient dietary diversity. Processed food consumption and changing food habits have worsened the situation, especially in urban areas. Traditional nutrition interventions have had limited impact, prompting the need for more effective, context-specific approaches such as peer education. The urgent nutritional challenges in Bihar highlight the need for innovative, sustainable, and community-driven strategies to improve children's health and learning outcomes.

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Child, Unhealthy Eating Habits, Child Nutrition, School

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The Snake Game has remained a timeless arcade classic due to its simplicity and engaging gameplay. However, traditional implementations often lack adaptability, realism, and interactive features expected by modern players. This paper presents an enhanced Snake Game framework developed using HTML5 and JavaScript, designed to provide realistic visuals and adaptive gameplay mechanics. The system introduces an environment with dynamic backgrounds, smooth animations, and emoji-based food elements that assign variable scoring values, thereby enriching the player's experience. The framework also incorporates progressive difficulty adjustment, where game speed and challenges increase with higher scores, creating a balance between entertainment and skill development. Experimental evaluation demonstrates that the proposed design significantly improves engagement, usability, and replay value compared to conventional versions. This study highlights the potential of combining lightweight web technologies with adaptive mechanics to modernize classic games for educational and entertainment purposes.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Snake Game, HTML5, JavaScript, Adaptive Gameplay, Realistic Visuals, Game Development

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition