Volume 13 | Issue 9

 Abstract

Before 2011, Jharkhand, like other states, had no maximum time limit for civil services. Effectively curbing red tape and unnecessary delays was difficult. However, the enactment of the Jharkhand State Service Guarantee Act, 2011, in 2011 marked an ambitious beginning in this direction. While the Act covered a limited number of services at the time, its objective was noble: good governance, transparency, and timely service delivery. After 2011, numerous changes were made to the Act as needed, making it even more beneficial year after year. Following its enactment, regulations and guidelines were developed, services were expanded in several phases, and timely deadlines were altered. With a total of 363 notified services, this Act has become an effective measure of accountability and good governance. If services are not provided within the stipulated timeframe, the concerned officials are now facing fines or penalties. After continuous changes over the past 14 years, from 2011 to the present, the right to timely service is now being realized for the citizens of the state.

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Right to service, Jharkhand, amendments , impact, good governance, temporal study

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Phishing, a prevalent cyber threat, involves the deceptive attempt to obtain sensitive information such as usernames, passwords, and financial details by masquerading as a trustworthy entity in electronic communication. With the exponential growth of online activities, phishing has emerged as a significant concern, posing serious security risks to individuals, organizations, and society at large. The impacts of phishing are multifaceted, ranging from financial losses and identity theft to reputational damage and compromised cybersecurity infrastructures. Addressing problem of phishing necessitates robust detection and prevention mechanisms. This paper is focuses on the classification of phishing URLs, a crucial aspect of mitigating the phishing threat. By leveraging machine learning and data mining techniques, the aim is to develop efficient algorithms capable of accurately identifying and categorizing phishing URLs. This project seeks to contribute to the ongoing efforts in enhancing cybersecurity and safeguarding users against the perils of phishing attacks. The research underscores the DNN's potential as a robust solution for real-world phishing detection systems. Its capacity to effectively navigate the complexities of diverse URLs positions it as a promising ally in the ongoing battle against cyber threats. The findings contribute significantly to the advancement of cybersecurity measures, emphasizing the practical efficacy of the DNN model. By shedding light on its consistent performance, this study underscores the DNN's pivotal role in mitigating the ever-growing menace of phishing attacks, offering a beacon of hope in fortifying digital landscapes against evolving cybersecurity challenges.

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Phishing, cybersecurity, neural network models, Deep Neural Network (DNN), diverse dataset, malicious URLs, legitimate URL.

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Artificial Intelligence (AI)--spanning OCR, knowledge graphs, and large language models (LLMs)--is now capable of turning India's sprawling, multi-format financial data into structured, decision-grade reports at scale. This paper synthesizes the background and need, global and Indian applications, and near-term use cases across corporate finance, banks/NBFCs, taxation, investment research, insurance, and regulation. We quantify time, cost, and carbon/ESG benefits using official datasets wherever possible and provide transparent assumptions for guesstimates where official numbers don't exist. We incorporate RBI's emerging FREE-AI governance, SEBI's 2025 AI/ML consultation, GST e-invoicing scale, UPI/payments indicators, and Account Aggregator (AA) adoption to ground a pragmatic roadmap for Indian institutions. We close with implementation risks, research gaps, and a five-year outlook (FY26-FY30) for measurable national savings.

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Finance, Financial Reporting Automation, Financial Data Restructuring, OCR (Optical Character Recognition) in Accounting, NLP (Natural Language Processing) for Financial Reports, AI-enabled Financial Close, XBRL / Schedule III Mapping, Audit Automation with AI, AI in Statutory and Regulatory Reporting, Responsible AI in Finance

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The Code of Criminal Procedure (2nd Amendment) Ordinance, 2025 is a great step in making Bangladesh's criminal justice system more modern and sophisticated. People have constantly condemned Bangladesh for its history of violating human rights during colonial times. The current transformation didn't happen all at once; it was the product of judicial activism, especially the Supreme Court's final rulings in several major cases over the years. The highest court of Bangladesh made a lot of critical decisions for building a criminal justice system free from torture, inhuman treatment and deprived of fundamental rights. The current interim government, which has a unique political mandate, recently passed enactment now make these decisions into legislation so that they can be enforced more widely. The new elements introduced to the CrPC, 1898 help the rules work better and improve the way they are utilized more in keeping with constitutional rights, which are the basic rights. In order for this modernization to function, we need to address the fundamental issues of politics and legitimacy and fix the deep-seated problems in our institutions, like a lack of resources and public trust.

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Rule of Law, Procedural Reforms, Criminal Justice, Fundamental Rights, and Judicial Activism.

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Rural education in developing countries continues to face multifaceted challenges including limited infrastructure, acute shortage of trained teachers, inadequate technological resources, and heavy dependence on traditional rote memorization methods. This mixed-methods study proposes and evaluates an innovative pedagogical approach that systematically integrates digital storytelling with indigenous local cultural knowledge to enhance English language learning, reading comprehension, vocabulary acquisition, and overall student engagement among rural learners. The research employed an experimental design conducted across three purposively selected rural schools in Telangana, India, where an experimental group (n=45) was exposed to English language instruction through culturally relevant digital stories, while a control group (n=45) followed conventional traditional teaching methodologies. Comprehensive data collection involved pre- and post-intervention standardized assessments, systematic classroom observations, in-depth semi-structured interviews, and focus group discussions. Quantitative results indicated statistically significant improvements in vocabulary acquisition (35% vs 12%), reading comprehension (40% vs 15%), and active classroom participation among the experimental group compared to the control group. Qualitative findings revealed enhanced cultural pride, increased learning motivation, and improved teacher-student interactions. The study concludes that combining traditional oral storytelling traditions with accessible low-cost digital technologies effectively bridges the persistent rural-urban educational divide while simultaneously empowering students by validating and celebrating their cultural identity and heritage.

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rural education, digital storytelling, indigenous knowledge, English language learning, cultural pedagogy, educational technology, student engagement

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The topical herbal formulation Eezpain consisting of natural ingredient that has been clinically provide for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. The present work is to formulate and evaluate thus herbal spray. The alcoholic extract was prepared by using maceration method. After completion of formulation it was evaluated for its physicochemical parameters like color, odor, pH, speradibility, extrudability, and consistency, solubility which shows no change in the irritancy, spread ability and diffusion study. The thus it could become a media to use the medicinal properties of herbal spray effectively and easily. Designed formulation on application knee, joints wrist, back of neck and shoulder and lower back exhibited signification efficacy. Herbal pain relief spray is a concentrated formula made from seven ayurvedic ingredient and has been specially developed to relax and relive muscles. It has analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects too. A simple application can help to control or reduce the pain.

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Turmeric, Mentha, Eucalyptus oil, herbal spray, evaluation

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This paper critically examines Mahasweta Devi's Breast Stories, to explore how the sacred feminine, traditionally revered in Indian socio-religious culture, is dismantled and reconfigured within narratives of exploitation, commodification, and resistance. Based on Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak's translations and theoretical insights alongside Michel Foucault's concept of governmentality and biopower, the study interrogates the paradox of goddess worship juxtaposed with systemic violence against real women. Devi's works reveal how the female body, particularly the breast, is transformed from a symbol of sanctity into a site of political struggle, labor, and spectacle. Through close textual analysis, the paper highlights how Devi critiques caste, class, gender, and institutional structures that glorify female divinity in myth while erasing women's agency in lived reality. Ultimately, the study underscores Devi's intervention in postcolonial feminist discourse by exposing the deep cultural contradictions that sustain patriarchal domination.

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Keywords: Mahasweta Devi, Biopower, Breast Stories, Scared Feminine, Subaltern, Gayatri Spivak, Postcolonial Feminism, Focault, commodification, resistance

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"InterviewBuddy" is an AI- powered mock interview platform that aids job seekers in preparing for interviews by simulating realistic interview experiences. It generates customized questions based on the user's resume and the targeted job role, evaluating responses in real-time for clarity, relevance, confidence, and emotional tone. The platform offers advanced features such as performance analytics, resume evaluation, and role-specific question sets tailored to various industries. Some versions also include live mock interviews with experienced professionals who provide personalized feedback and career guidance. With 24/7 accessibility, it supports flexible practice for users worldwide. While highly beneficial for building interview skills and boosting confidence, the platform is most effective when integrated with personal research, human feedback, and understanding of company culture--making it a valuable component of a well-rounded interview preparation strategy.

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AI mock interviews, interview preparation, real-time feedback, resume evaluation, performance analytics, personalized questions, career readiness, job seekers.

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This study presents a dynamic automobile sales dashboard developed using Tableau, designed to enhance strategic decision-making in the automotive sector. The dashboard offers comprehensive insights through model-wise and brand-wise analysis, regional segmentation, and pricing trends. By visualizing extensive datasets, the system empowers stakeholders--including manufacturers, dealers, and consumers--to interpret sales dynamics, identify top-performing models, and analyze market behavior geographically and temporally.

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Automobile Industry, Tableau, Data Visualization, Dashboard, Sales Analysis, Business Intelligence, Market Trends, Regional Distribution

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The objective of this paper is to examine the transformative role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in enhancing educational outcomes, particularly at Foundational stage. This paper also discusses how AI tools can be used to attain learning outcome at Foundational stage. AI offers the potential to personalize learning, foster creativity, and support children's cognitive, social, emotional, and motor development, making it an important tool in education. The methodology used is content analysis of different research papers and journals. In rural areas of India, AI-powered tools like BYJU'S Early Learn and DIKSHA provide personalized, play-based learning experiences and ensure accessibility, even offline. However, challenges such as infrastructure gaps, data privacy concerns, and equitable access need to be addressed for effective implementation. The paper emphasizes the importance of teacher training, ethical considerations, and collaboration among stakeholders to harness AI's full potential. By reviewing current AI tools, the paper highlights their impact and identifies areas for improvement. It concludes by proposing ethical guidelines and recommending that AI should complement, rather than replace, human interaction in the educational process to create balanced and effective learning environments.

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Artificial Intelligence, Foundational stage, Learning outcomes

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The intersection of literature and artificial intelligence (AI) has become a crucial area of inquiry in contemporary scholarship. While AI is frequently associated with technical applications in science, business, and engineering, its role in the humanities--particularly literature--has grown considerably in recent years. AI is now employed both as a tool for literary analysis and as a generator of new texts. This paper examines how artificial intelligence reshapes the study and production of literature, focusing on three dimensions: AI as an analytical instrument, AI as a creative writer, and AI as a collaborator in human literary endeavors. Drawing on recent scholarship and examples of AI-generated works, the article evaluates the philosophical and ethical implications of machine authorship, including questions of originality, authorship, and intellectual property. Ultimately, the study argues that rather than replacing human creativity, AI is best understood as a new medium that both challenges and expands the boundaries of literary expression.

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Intelligence, Literary style, Creativity, Canonical styles, authorship, technological shifts, translation, logical style, Procedural writing etc.

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Intentional replantation (IR) is a promising treatment for teeth with persistent periapical pathology when conventional endodontic therapy did not yield result. This report presents a case of a 14-year-old female with a chronic periapical abscess in the permanent left mandibular first molar. Conventional root canal treatment failed due to a persistent periapical infection. The tooth was atraumatically extracted, treated endodontically extra orally with root end filling, and reinserted into the socket and I- PRF was placed. Adjunctive Photo-biomodulation was performed for enhanced healing. Follow-up at three months showed complete periapical healing with no pain or mobility. The placement of PRF and Photo-biomodulation enhanced healing with bone regeneration. With proper technique, IR is a viable alternative to tooth extraction and implants, offering long-term retention and favourable outcomes in endodontic failure cases.

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PBM, Intentional reimplantation, Periapical Abscess

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Abstract: Domestic Violence has been a common social issue all over the world, but the narrative has always been that a woman is the victim while men as abuser. But because of unequal application of law, the male victims are left out or excluded who silently suffer the views based on gender stereotypes, society expectations etc. This study tries to reflect the reality of men being victims of Domestic Violence and analyses the psychological, emotional and legal aspect of abuse faced by men and tries to broaden the perspective of seeing domestic violence as a gender-neutral issue. Finally, the study offers alternate narratives, aiming to raise awareness and suggest inclusive reforms.

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Key words: Men, Domestic Violence, Victim, Abuse.

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The current study focuses on assessing the influence of a 12-week Surya Namaskar (Sun Salutation) practice on cognitive flexibility and decision-making abilities in adolescents aged between 13 and 17 years. Surya Namaskar, a classical yogic technique integrating physical movement, breath control, and mindfulness, is believed to contribute positively to cognitive and emotional functioning. For this purpose, sixty school-going teenagers were selected and randomly assigned to two groups: the experimental group engaged in daily Surya Namaskar practice for 30 minutes, while the control group continued their routine without any yoga intervention. Standardized psychological tools were used to evaluate the participants' cognitive flexibility and decision-making both before and after the intervention. The outcomes revealed a statistically significant improvement in both measured cognitive areas among students who practiced Surya Namaskar. These findings suggest that integrating Surya Namaskar into adolescents' daily routines may enhance their mental adaptability and judgment skills, contributing to overall cognitive development and better academic and social decision-making.

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Impact of 12 Weeks of Surya Namaskar on Cognitive Flexibility and Decision- Making in Teenagers

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The growing adoption of Storage as a Service (STaaS) as a transformative solution for data management within higher education. Universities and colleges face unprecedented data growth from research, administrative records, and a shift toward digital learning. This study examines how STaaS addresses these challenges by offering a scalable, cost-effective, and secure alternative to traditional on-premise storage. Through a review of current literature and an analysis of key benefits and risks, this paper argues that while STaaS provides significant advantages in efficiency and flexibility, institutions must navigate complex issues of data security, privacy, and vendor lock-in to ensure a successful transition.

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Cloud Computing, Storage as a Service, Data Management, Cybersecurity, Scalability, Cost-Effectiveness.

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and impaired insulin secretion or action. Despite advancements in synthetic drugs, limitations such as high cost, side effects, and limited accessibility necessitate exploration of alternative therapies. Medicinal plants have long served as valuable sources of bioactive compounds with therapeutic potential. Xanthium strumarium is widely distributed weed belonging to the Asteraceae family, is traditionally used for diverse ailments, including inflammatory, hepatic, and skin disorders. The present study was designed to isolate, extract, and characterize the active constituents of X. strumarium with anti-diabetic potential. Extraction was performed using ethanol and methanol, followed by fractionation through column chromatography. Active compounds were characterized using UV-Vis, FTIR. Pharmacological evaluation was carried out on streptozotocin-Nicotinamide induced diabetic rats to determine fasting blood glucose levels, body weight, and biochemical parameters. Results revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, and sesquiterpene lactones, with significant hypoglycemic effects comparable to standard metformin treatment. The findings suggest that X. strumarium contains bioactive compounds that could be developed into natural anti-diabetic agents. Further studies, including clinical evaluation and toxicity profiling, are warranted.

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Xanthium strumarium, diabetes mellitus, phytochemicals, extraction, isolation, characterization, anti-diabetic activity

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Abstract: Generation Z (born 1997-2012) represents the first truly digital-native cohort, reshaping politics, spirituality, social media culture, and consumer behavior in ways that significantly impact both global and South Asian contexts. This study, titled, Generation Z and the Shaping of Tomorrow: Politics, Spirituality, and social media in the Global Future, critically examines how Gen Z mobilizes across these dimensions. Relying on secondary data from global institutions, government reports, scholarly publications, and press sources (2018-2025), the research investigates five interlinked objectives: political engagement, spiritual orientations, social media and identity formation, consumer behavior in the digital economy, and case studies of South Asian transformations. Findings highlight that Gen Z is not merely a demographic group but an active force of change. Politically, they exhibit issue-based activism, leveraging digital platforms for low-cost, high-impact mobilization--as seen in Nepal, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka. Spiritually, Gen Z demonstrates hybrid practices, participating in large-scale rituals such as the Kumbh Mela 2025 while simultaneously consuming online spiritual content. Socially, their identities are shaped by social media ecosystems where self-expression, activism, and consumer lifestyles intersect. Economically, Gen Z emerges as ethical consumers who prioritize sustainability, authenticity, and digital-first experiences. Case studies confirm that Gen Z's influence is both disruptive and constructive, blending tradition with innovation to reshape civic life, cultural belonging, and the digital economy. The study concludes that Generation Z embodies a "glocal" identity--locally rooted yet globally connected--making them pivotal actors in shaping political accountability, religious adaptation, consumer markets, and digital cultures. By contextualizing Gen Z's role in South Asia alongside global patterns, this thesis offers insights for policymakers, educators, spiritual institutions, and businesses to engage effectively with a generation that is redefining the contours of tomorrow.

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Keywords: Generation Z; South Asia; Digital Natives; Political Engagement; Spirituality; Kumbh Mela 2025; Social Media Identity; Digital Economy; Consumer Behavior; Youth Movements; Nepal Protests 2025; Bangladesh Student Movements; Sri Lanka Economic Crisis; Hybrid Spirituality; Global Identity

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This paper presents a comprehensive and data-driven analysis of the Effect of inflation and interest rate Movements on investment portfolios. Renowned for their profound influence on financial markets, inflation and interest rates are critical macroeconomic variables that shape investment strategies and portfolio performance. In our approach, we examine historical data and economic trends to assess how various asset classes--such as equities, bonds, real estate, and commodities--respond to changes in inflation and interest rates. To achieve this, we construct diversified portfolio models and simulate performance under different economic scenarios. These models exhibit insightful patterns in asset behavior, enabling investors to make informed decisions in volatile market conditions. We delve into the underlying economic theories, modeling techniques, and risk mitigation strategies employed to optimize portfolio resilience. Furthermore, we present empirical evaluation results using standard financial performance metrics, demonstrating the sensitivity of portfolios to inflationary pressures and monetary policy shifts. The study's practical relevance is underscored by its actionable insights for both institutional and individual investors navigating uncertain economic environments.

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Keywords: Inflation, Interest rates, Investment portfolios, Macroeconomics, Financial modeling, Risk management

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Background: Overweight individuals often experience reduced endurance, which can negatively affect daily functioning and overall health. Exercise interventions such as treadmill walking and cycle ergometer training are commonly prescribed to improve endurance. However, limited evidence exists comparing their relative effectiveness in overweight adults. Objective: To compare the impact of treadmill and cycle ergometer exercise on endurance among overweight individuals. Methods: A comparative study was conducted using a convenient sampling method to evaluate the effects of treadmill and cycle ergometer training on endurance in overweight individuals. Thirty participants (Body Mass Index 25-29.9) aged 20-40 years were recruited and allocated into two groups: Group A (treadmill training) and Group B (cycle ergometer training). The study was carried out at Cure 'N' Care Physiotherapy and Fitness Centre, Ayanavaram, Chennai, where participants underwent a 3-week intervention. Endurance was assessed pre- and post-intervention using the Six Minute Walk Test (6MWT). Individuals with cardiovascular, respiratory, musculoskeletal, metabolic, or lifestyle-related risk factors were excluded from the study. Results: Statistical analysis revealed that the post-test mean 6MWT distance was 420 meters for Group A and 385 meters for Group B. The mean difference of 35 meters was statistically significant, with a p-value of 0.021 (p < 0.05). This indicates that treadmill training resulted in greater improvement in endurance compared to cycle ergometer training. Conclusion: Both treadmill and cycle ergometer exercises enhanced endurance in overweight individuals. However, treadmill training was found to be significantly more effective than cycle ergometer training. These findings suggest that treadmill-based exercise may be the preferred intervention for improving endurance in overweight adults.

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Overweight, Endurance, Treadmill Exercise, Cycle Ergometer, Six Minute Walk Test

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This study examines how well rural Indian children in grades 3-6 perform in reading and numeracy while using AI-driven personalized learning (AIPL) systems. The study compares the learning outcomes of 24 rural schools that used an AIPL intervention with 24 matched control schools over the course of a school year using a mixed-methods quasi-experimental approach. Attendance, platform engagement analytics, and pre- and post-intervention standardized literacy and numeracy tests are examples of quantitative metrics; student focus groups, instructor interviews, and classroom observations are examples of qualitative data. The findings show improved retention and engagement metrics, more improvements among students with lower baselines, and statistically significant gains in both reading and numeracy scores for the intervention group (effect sizes: d = 0.38 for literacy, d = 0.44 for numeracy). According to qualitative research, culturally relevant information, adaptive pace, and instant feedback improved student motivation and assisted teachers in focusing their lessons. Recommendations for scalable implementation, infrastructural investment, teacher professional development, and policy alignment are included in the paper's conclusion.

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AI-driven personalized learning, adaptive learning, literacy, numeracy, rural education, India, mixed-methods, edtech, learning analytics

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