Volume 8 | Issue 9

 Abstract

The government concerns have shifted from earlier emphasis on raising foreign exchange earnings by cash crops and the establishment of large-scale commercial farms and neglected cereal production from subsistence farmers which accounted more than 80% of the cultivated area. During the 1974�1991, by large towards increasing productivity of smallholders to attain food self-sufficiency at national level through research-generated information and technologies, increasing the supply of industrial and export crops and ensuring the rehabilitation and conservation of natural resource base. However, population growth, environmental degradation, climate-related decline of yield, low level of farm input innovation, capital constraints are among the pressing constraints. The direction, the rate of change and the level of steps the agriculture sector taking up on the ladder of transformation to commercialized agriculture from its initial subsistence. Of course, it should be noted that, except for the progress made during the last two and half decades, the agricultural sector in Ethiopia had remained stagnant for centuries with limited progress in few specific areas. Consequently, the outcome of the suggestion made in this paper is believed to serve as problem area indicators for concerned stakeholders to develop and implement corrective measures that could help to accelerate the speed of transforming the existing agriculture into profitable agriculture. Crops such as maize, teff, and wheat within the category of cereals have shown an increment that ranges from 1.65 qt/ha to 23.21 qt/ha for maize; from 0.48 qt/ha to 19.89 qt/ha for teff; and from 1.16 to 13.21 qt/ha for wheat over the last five years (2013/14-2017/18). Similarly, crops such as faba beans and linseed have shown an increment that ranges from 0.36 to 14.91 qt/ha for faba beans and from 3.60 to 25.67 qt/ha for linseed over 2013/14 and 2017/18 estimates following the same pattern, the results of the 2018/19. It is hoped and expected that these yield increments would rise further in future with the commitment and adoption of suggestions forwarded in this paper.

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Agrobased development, crop productivity, fertilizer-use-efficiency, soil fertility, water-use-efficiency

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The preservation method achieved by dairy industry is storage under refrigeration condition. Many dairy products are stored at refrigeration temperature by wholesale dealer and retailers but at this refrigeration temperature, milk and milk products allow the growth of psychrotrophic organisms. Considerable variations in incidence of psychrotrophs in fresh raw milk have been reported by different observers. Some difference may be regional or seasonal and some are associated with the methods of cleaning and disinfection of equipments in dairy. The aim of the present study was to monitor culturable mesophilic and psychrotrophic communities in fermented milk products collected from nine dairies included in Nasik division, that may influence milk and fermented milk products shelf-life. Enumeration of bacteria from these samples showed the presence of mesophilic as well as psychrotrophic bacteria in each of the sample and there was a considerable variation in mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacterial content amongst the samples. Chemical examination was carried out to decide the nutritive quality of fermented milk products. The chemical examination of fermented milk products includes determination of pH, acidity (in terms of lactic acid), fat, total solids, SNF, proteins, sucrose and ash contents. Chemical contents of all fermented milk products were within the range mentioned by Bureau of Indian Standards.

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Fermented milk products, Shelf life, Psychrotrophs, Chemical composition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Fiber reinforced polymers (FRPs) are high tensile continuous fibers oriented in a desired direction in a special resin matrix. They are used as a confining reinforcement, externally bonded to the reinforced concrete (RC) beams to enhance their structural behavior. They enhance the ductility, shear and flexural capacities of the confined member. This project presents an experimental and analytical study on RC beams with external flexure strengthening by hybrid FRP sheets, which is a combination of Carbon FRP(CFRP) and Glass FRP (GFRP). The usage of hybrid FRPs provide both strength and ductility to the RC beam. The effect of the width of strengthening arrangements on the behavior of RC beams is investigated using two-point loading test. The strengthening effect of the FRP layers are interpreted using load-deflection pattern, ductility and the ultimate strength of the RC beams. The results are then compared with that of a conventional non-retrofitted specimen and the enhancement in the structural behavior of the specimen are presented. The analytical study involves finite element modelling using ABAQUS 6.14 and comparison of the results. Strengthening using hybrid FRPs is expected to enhance the life of the structure and thus cut down construction costs.

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CFRP, GFRP, Hybrid FRP, Strengthening, Finite element modelling.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Characterization Analysis of Zinc and aluminium Coating For Steels. Coating is a covering that is applied to the surface of an object usually referred to as the substrate. The properties of metals and alloys can be controlled and improved by modifying their microstructure when using their pulse current. Analyzing the characterization of Zinc and Aluminium Coating For steels by Electroplating Method.

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Analysis of material, Characteristics of zinc and aluminium, Electroplating methodology.

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 Abstract

MAHATMA GHANDHI KE VICHAR- DRSHAN

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MAHATMA GHANDHI KE VICHAR- DRSHAN

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Non-performing asset is a serious problem faced by the banking sector in India. Both the public sector and private sector banks in India are suffering from this problem. The amounts of gross and net non-performing asset of the banks (both public sector and private sector) are mounting in recent times in India. In spite of adopting various efforts by Government of India and Reserve Bank of India for reducing and recovering of loans of the banks, the results are not satisfactory at all. This paper is an attempt to analyse the non-performing assets and its impact due to Covid 19

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NPA

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Construction activities affect the environment throughout the lifecycle of development. These impacts occur from introductory work on-site through the construction period, operational period, and to the final demolition when a building comes to a conclusion of its life. Despite the fact that the construction period is comparatively shorter in relation to the other stages of a building�s life, it has assorted huge impacts on nature. For that matter there is progressively growing concern about the impact of construction activities on human health and the environment. This paper describes about the environmental issues and human health issues in a construction site from the activities, materials, and equipment through a site survey. And also recommending the measures to minimize these impacts.

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Human Effects, Survey, Analysis, Cement

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Herbal Lipstick is a cosmetic product containing pigments, oils, fragrance, preservatives, colors, texture and protection to the lips. Lipstick formulation is used to augment the beauty of lips. Herbal lipsticks are gaining popularity because natural cosmetics are safe. It is easy to use and handle by women. This product has increased and choice shades of color, texture and luster have changed and become wider. In market hundreds of shades of colors are available to satisfy the demand by the women's. Herbal lipsticks having minimum side effects. The herbal lipstick having natural ingredients or nutrients it is safe to use that keep lips healthy. This review mainly focuses on natural ingredients, formulation, extracts, and defects in lipstick. There is no any side effect in herbal lipstick that's why we are doing herbal lipstick .Also doing the evaluations parameters like smoothness, greatnessmelting point, breaking point and pH parameters.

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Natural, Herbal, Color, Ingredients, Lipstick, Formulation, side effect, safe.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Several issues have been raised in the past regarding the authenticity of Rummindei inscription. Many of them can be attributed to the inability to understand about half of the inscription. Certain other issues relate to inconsistencies of the inscription and suspicion of forgery by the discoverer. An alternate interpretation of the inscription has been able to provide a complete translation. It makes this inscription an edict prohibiting animal sacrifice as against the present belief that it is a record of King A?oka�s pilgrimage to the birthplace of Buddha. The aim of this paper is to examine if the alternate interpretation can explain the above issues. The results of the examination show that some of the issues could be satisfactorily explained.

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Rummindei, Inscription, Authenticity, Birthplace, Buddha.

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In preliminary stage, a smart poultry farm shows many distinctive features such as, automated food and water supply, egg collection, maintaining precise environmental factors etc. In this paper, Safety measures such as fire protection, anti-thief features which ensures an overall surveillance of the farm has been incorporated. Data storage through IOT is another enticing trait of this work which enables the users to Fig. out the required pre steps to adopt before any endangerments can occur. The GSM module can also provide a real time protection of the farm by notifying the farmer through an SMS at any alarming situations. All these distinguished features have been realized and observed with very perfection and it can be concluded, with the integration of GSM and IOT the proposed project work has taken the poultry farming into next level of advancement.

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Internet Of Things, GSM Module, Environmental factors,Real time protection.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Due to the global demand for fibrous light-weight materials, research on composites reinforced with plant materials has increased. Natural fiber reinforced composites offer several advantages: light weight, competitive specific mechanical properties, easy processing, large volume availability, low cost, and low environmental footprint. Especially, using agricultural wastes such as rice bran saw dust etc. as fillers/fibres in composites provides the chance to improve material properties while improving their sustainability. In the present work, rice bran and saw dust were chosen as fillers for their differing morphology, aspect ratios, and difference of structure. As matrices, polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) were studied, either neat or modified with maleic anhydride grafted PP/PE as coupling agent or compatibilizer between hydrophobic matrices and hydrophilic bio-fillers. The bending modulus is improved due to filler addition. In presence of compatibilizer, the improved interfacial interaction leads to improved bending and tensile strength as well as toughness. Furthermore, the influence of the filler and compatibilizer on composite properties such as hardness, dynamic mechanical behaviour, thermal expansion, thermal degradation, melting and crystallisation behaviour are presented and mechanical properties has been enhanced through composites.

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Sawdust, Rice bran, Composites, Interphase, Polymer

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Malaria is a dreadful disease caused by single-celled microorganism instigating millions of death worldwide. Hence a rapid with accurate diagnosis and proper effectual medication is the need of the hour. The diagnosis of the infection starts with the microscopic examination of blood films. Diagnostic process automation with an intellectual framework which would diagnose malaria parasites may be successful in solving the above problem. Hence, several image processing techniques are used in this work to expose malaria from the microscopic images of Giemsa stained thin blood smear. For the identification of the derived SIFT (Scale Invariant Feature Transform) functions, a comparative study of SVM (Support Vector Machine), CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) is pursued. MATLAB (Matrix Laboratory) software is used for this image processing and classification processes. A recognition efficiency of 94% is obtained from SVM and 98% from CNN. Hence, CNN provides better efficiency when compared to SVM.

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Malarial parasites, Image processing, Feature extraction, SVM classifier, CNN classifier, Deep learning

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 Abstract

In today�s world, there is an immense increment in need to create artificial arms for complexity in human situations where human interaction is difficult or impossible. This may involve taking readings from an active volcano to diffusing a bomb. Here I propose an easy mechanism by which a robot can be controlled by using our computer science domains such as Python, Adafruit remote and Raspberry pi. The development of this arm is along with a personal computer for signal processing, which will all be interfaced with each other using serial communication. Finally, this prototype of the arm may be expected to overcome the problem such as placing or picking hazardous objects or non - hazardous objects that are far away from the user. Robotics is now playing a big role in several Automation Fields for a few days. In the coming year�s robotic behaviour will become more effective

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Index Terms � Remote, Controller, Artificial Arm, Smart arm, Raspberry pie, Internet of things, Adafruit

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This study has been undertaken to look that the current scenario caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and how technology can effectively be used to maintain social distance and work on doing the usual routine things in a new normal way or a manner in which the spread of the virus can be attempted to be controlled.

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Covid-19, technology, computing, human behavior, computing.

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The general objective of this work is to study the effect of reinforcement corrosion on the flexural strength of reinforced concrete beams.

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Divine the flexure strength and Corrosion in Beam

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 Abstract

Forty-nine bread wheat genotypes were tested at Chena, Masha and Shay Bench, southwestern Ethiopia in 2017 and 2018 with the objective of estimating the association among yield and yield-contributing traits and determining the direct and indirect effect of the traits on the grain yield of wheat genotypes using 7x7 simple lattice design. Data were collected for 12 agronomic characters. Grain yield showed significant (p?0.01) positive phenotypic correlations with thousand-kernel weight, aboveground biomass, harvest index at the locations except for plant height at Masha. Similarly, grain yield showed significant (p?0.01) positive genotypic correlations with 1000-kernel weight, aboveground biomass and harvest index at Masha and Shay Bench and only with aboveground biomass and harvest index at Chena. Likewise, significant (p?0.01) positive and negative phenotypic and genotypic correlations between the yield components were observed at all the locations. As per the path analysis, aboveground biomass, 1000-kernel weight and harvest index showed high positive phenotypic direct effect on grain yield at the locations. Similarly, at genotypic level, aboveground biomass, harvest index and 1000-kernel weight showed highly significant direct effect on the grain yield at the locations. Generally, it has been observed the presence of relationships in the tested traits of the genotypes studied. Hence, selection and hybridization on these genotypes based on the trait with high positive correlation coefficient and direct effect on grain yield can be recommended for further yield improvement of bread wheat at respective location.

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Direct and indirect effect, grain yield, path analysis, trait association, trait correlation

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The major constraint when Wireless Sensor Networks is considered is the energy consumption. Since the sensor nodes are deployed in a rough terrain with unpredictable environment conditions the nodes fail mainly due to battery drain, and in most cases it is impossible to replace the batteries. So it will be wise to use an appropriate routing algorithm for finding the best available path that consumes lesser energy and reduces the delay. One such type of routing protocol is Opportunistic Routing. In this type of routing each packet, each hop and the next relay node is found dynamically by selecting the node that captures the packet transmission .Here each node maintains a group of next hop nodes called as the forwarder list and next relay node is selected from that list according to the type of opportunistic routing used. The Energy Efficient Selective Opportunistic Routing, reduces the size of the forwarder list by including only the nodes that are nearer to the destination. In the next step the list is arranged according to their distance from the destination, the node that has the highest priority will act as the next relay node that is the selected relay node will be the one that is nearer to the destination. It also routes the acknowledgement using the opportunistic routing this is done to balance the energy spend by the nodes for transmission and reception. It provides better results than many existing opportunistic routing protocols in terms of end-to-end delay, and network life time.

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AsOR, EESOR, End-to-End Delay, P2P

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A nonlinear optical material L-Proline Zinc acetate was synthesized and grown as single crystals by slow evaporation method. The grown crystals were subjected to structural, elemental, thermal, optical and dielectric studies. The structural analysis reveals that L-Proline Zinc acetate belongs to the monoclinic crystallographic system with space group P21. Optical transparency of the grown crystals was investigated by UV-vis-NIR spectrum. The thermal analyses reveal that L-Proline Zinc acetate is thermally stable up to 163�C. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss of the crystals were studied as a function of frequency. The nonlinear optical property of the doped crystal was confirmed by the Kurtz-powder second harmonic generation test.

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Growth from solution, Nonlinear optical crystal, X-ray diffraction, Semi organic compound, Thermal and Dielectric.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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"Internet is a place where nothing ever dies." The rise of social media platforms has drastically increased in current scenario. We are now constantly linked to and receive instant updates from our social media connections, and personal information is startlingly simple to access now, more than ever. Social media has transformed our means of communication by providing instant information to publish and publicize almost anything. In addition, social media provides marketing opportunities for instant, mass publication of content including everything from tweets, photos, blogs and links to content. Social media plays a powerful role even in the way we conduct business today. Small businesses can grow their business quickly with the social media tools, including Facebook,Twitter, Google,Pinterest,Instagram, and many more since they are a great marketing and publicity tool for a small business, startups, and well-established company. With social media, companies can immediately connect with their customers and clients. A copyright protects the owner of one kind of intellectual property created by an individual but having no form or substance. The copyright process has become fairly simple with traditional works like books, plays, movies, and theatre. But copyright is a little more difficult with the advent of the internet. Posting copied material on the website is an Offence under the Copyright Act. Like users must be aware of what they write, to avoid copyright, trademark, and libel issues and before you use an image from the internet you need to be sure to get a license or find public domain images. . There are innumerable benefits to social media but there are also pitfalls that may threaten your intellectual property. Social media is one of the opened doors to infringement of your trademarks, trade secrets, copyrights, and privacy rights. Rapid advancements in social media are posing challenges for courts, as existing laws were written without social media in mind. The study is based on secondary data and is an attempt to conceptualise and analyse legal issues of copy right infringement in social media.

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: Social Media, Copy Right, Intellectual Property

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

?????? ??????? ???????????? 94 ????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??? ??? ????. ?? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????. ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ? ??????????? ????? ??? ?????. ???????????? ??????????? ? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ? ?????? ????????? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ????????? ?????? ? ??????? ????? ??? ????.

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Kantrati Kamgar, Kamgar Kayade, kantarti kamgarancha samsya

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition