Volume 13 | Issue 9

 Abstract

ABSTRACT Urban and semi-urban academic campuses serve as crucial green refuges for avian populations, especially in arid regions like the Thar Desert. This study presents the first systematic assessment of the avian diversity at the G.H.S. Government College campus in Sujangarh, Rajasthan. Conducted over a period from September 2024 to April 2025, the research aimed to document the species composition, their seasonal variation, and conservation status. Using the line transect method and systematic observation points, a total of 49 bird species across 30 families were recorded. The assemblage was dominated by resident species along with few summer and winter visitors also reported, reflecting the campus resource availability. The presence of species like Cattle egret (Ardea coromanda) and the Indian Peafowl (Pavo cristatus) underscores the campus ecological value. However, species of conservation concern, such as the Egyptian Vulture (Neophron percnopterus; Endangered), were also observed utilizing the area as a flyover zone. This study concludes that the college campus, with its mosaic of gardens, scattered trees, and built-up areas, functions as a vital micro-habitat for local avifauna. The findings highlight the importance of urban biodiversity conservation and recommend specific green management practices to enhance the campus's value for wildlife.

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Keywords: Avian diversity, Urban ecology, College campus, Sujangarh, Thar Desert, Micro-habitat, Conservation, Green refuge, Resident birds, Line transect.

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Folk deities serve as the custodians of indigenous faith, embodying the spiritual consciousness of rural communities and weaving together the intricate tapestry of cultural heritage. Among such revered deities, Sri Sri Maa Shitala occupies a place of profound significance in Bengal's religious landscape, venerated as the divine protectress against epidemics and a harbinger of health and well-being. This paper delves into the rich cultural and historical dimensions of the Sri Sri Maa Shitala Puja in Rangamatia village, nestled in the Bamangola block of Malda district, West Bengal. Established in 1965 by the esteemed Biswas family, this sacred tradition has transcended its humble origins, evolving into a grand spectacle of collective devotion, drawing thousands of fervent worshippers each year. Rooted in oral tradition and mythological reverence, the puja is an embodiment of the interplay between faith and traditional medical beliefs. Maa Shitala, often depicted seated on a donkey and carrying a broom, neem leaves, and a pot of cooling water, symbolizes both disease and its cure, reinforcing the age-old understanding of balance and purification. The rituals associated with her worship, including the practice of Arandhan (a day of complete abstinence from cooking), the offering of Sinni prasad, and the communal observances, reflect the deep-seated folk wisdom that intertwines spirituality with public health practices. Beyond its religious essence, this annual observance has undergone a profound sociological transformation, shifting from a localized village ritual to an expansive congregation of faith that parallels major Hindu festivals. The research explores how this enduring tradition continues to thrive, fostering intergenerational participation, reinforcing social unity, and preserving Bengal's rich folk heritage amidst the tides of modernization. Through an interdisciplinary lens, this study seeks to illuminate the enduring legacy, ritualistic nuances, and societal impact of this 65-year-old sacred tradition, underscoring its pivotal role in shaping communal identity and spiritual resilience.

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Shitala Puja, Folk Deity, Traditional Medical Beliefs, Arandhan Ritual, Sinni Prasad, Socio-Religious Transformation, Mass Participation.

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Eco-epidemiological models are critical for understanding the intricate interplay between ecological and epidemiological processes in ecosystems. This study focuses on a prey-predator model that includes a prey species and the susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered (SEIR) epidemiological framework. Integrating these processes provides insight into how disease transmission affects population stability and predator-prey communications. We use mathematical and computational tools to analyze the model and find important thresholds and conditions that result in diverse environmental and epidemiological effects. Our findings emphasize the relevance of disease control and ecological conservation techniques in preserving ecosystem equilibrium

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Eco-epidemiological model, predator-prey dynamics, SEIR (Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered) model, disease spreading, population stability, mathematical modeling. Epidemiologic thresholds, Environmental protection, Lyapunov function

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Climate Resilient Agriculture

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ABSTRACT: In the modern world e-commerce is emerging as a biggest player and is contributing towards growth and development of the economy. The rapid expansion of e-commerce has significantly transformed the global retail landscape, leading to a notable decline in traditional brick-and-mortar retail formats. This study aims to explore how the rise of e-commerce has significantly influenced traditional retail by analysing consumer trends and traditional retailers' experiences. It also examines the challenges faced by traditional retailers in adapting to digital disruption and the strategies some have adopted to remain competitive. It will provide insights into the future of retail, emphasizing the growing importance of hybrid business models, digital transformation, and customer-centric approaches. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the ongoing shift in the retail sector and its implications for businesses, consumers, and policymakers.

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Keywords: E-commerce, Physical stores, Retail and Digital Age.

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LoRa (Long Range) technology has emerged as a highly efficient low-power wireless communication standard capable of supporting long-distance data transmission, making it suitable for defense and critical monitoring applications. In modern military operations, continuous health monitoring and accurate geolocation of soldiers are essential to ensure safety and enhance mission outcomes. This study presents a low-power LoRa-based soldier safety mechanism that integrates biomedical sensors with GPS tracking for real-time data acquisition and transmission. The system utilizes sensors to measure vital health parameters such as heart rate, pulse rate, and body temperature, while GPS provides precise geolocation data. All collected information is processed by a microcontroller and transmitted through a LoRa transceiver to a base station for continuous monitoring. In emergency situations, anomalies in health readings or the activation of a panic button generate immediate alerts, enabling faster medical response and tactical decision-making. The proposed design demonstrates a reliable, cost-effective solution to safeguard soldier lives and optimize battlefield strategies.

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LoRa, IoT, Soldier Safety, GPS Tracking, Health Monitoring, Wireless Communication, Panic Button, Low-Power System.

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Construction worker safety relies critically on proper Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) usage, yet current automated detection systems exhibit significant limitations including environmental sensitivity, computational complexity, and restricted detection scope. This research presents an innovative framework enhancing the established Faster-PPENet through six core technological innovations: advanced attention mechanisms, vision-language contextual reasoning, adaptive multi-sensor fusion, edge optimization techniques, few-shot learning capabilities, and synthetic data augmentation approaches. proposed system systematically addresses fundamental challenges in existing PPE detection systems by implementing coordinate attention mechanisms for improved feature discrimination, integrating large language models for intelligent safety compliance interpretation, developing adaptive sensor fusion enabling all-weather operation, optimizing architectures for edge deployment, facilitating rapid adaptation through meta-learning, and enhancing training robustness through synthetic data generation. Experimental validation demonstrates substantial improvements over baseline systems: 10.7% increase in mean Average Precision (mAP) on the CHV dataset (from 0.8655 to 0.9570), 68% reduction in computational overhead enabling real-time edge deployment, expansion from 4 to 17 detectable PPE categories, 93.1% accuracy maintained across diverse construction environments, and 74% cost reduction compared to manual monitoring approaches.

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Construction safety, PPE detection, attention mechanisms, vision-language models, edge computing, multi-modal fusion, synthetic data augmentation

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The Jeevika initiatives, implemented under the Bihar Rural Livelihoods Promotion Society, has emerged as a transformative model for rural development by leveraging the collective strength of Self-Help Groups (SHGs). These women-led SHGs function as grassroots institutions that drive socio-economic change through financial inclusion, livelihood diversification and social empowerment. This paper explores the pivotal role played by SHGs under Jeevika in enhancing households income ,promoting entrepreneurship and fostering socio-economic resilience among marginalized communities. Based on the Jeevika Annual report 2017-22, this study conducts a comparative analysis of three key livelihood interventions i.e. farm intervention, livestock intervention and non-farm intervention through SHGs under the Jeevika initiative in Bihar livelihood promotion. The study finds that while all three interventions have unique strengths, livestock and non-farm intervention offer quicker income turnaround, where farm-based intervention ensure long term food and income stability. Integrating all three through community institutions like SHGs leads to a more resilient, inclusive, and sustainable rural livelihood ecosystem.

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Jeevika, (SHGs), Livelihood Interventions, Sustainable Rural Livelihoods

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The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into medical imaging has opened new frontiers for accurate, efficient, and scalable brain tumor diagnostics. This study evaluates and compares the performance of Logistic Regression (LR), Random Forest (RF), and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) in differentiating glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), lymphoma, and metastases using radiomics features derived exclusively from contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MRI scans. A retrospective cohort of 85 patients (62 GBM, 23 lymphoma) was analyzed, with radiomic features extracted via the IBSI-compliant PyRadiomics framework following manual segmentation. To address natural class imbalance, the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) was applied, creating balanced datasets for robust evaluation. Models were trained and validated using stratified 10-fold cross-validation, with performance measured by accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the ROC curve (AUC). Results demonstrated that ANN consistently outperformed classical methods, achieving 79% accuracy (AUC 0.83) on the original dataset and 87% accuracy (AUC 0.90) on the balanced dataset, compared with RF (74% and 84.5%) and LR (42% and 63%). In multiclass classification, ANN achieved an overall accuracy of 79.4% with a macro-AUC of 0.887, effectively distinguishing GBM, lymphoma, and metastases. These findings confirm the superiority of deep learning in handling complex, high-dimensional imaging data, particularly when supported by preprocessing and data balancing strategies. By demonstrating the strengths and limitations of different approaches, this study highlights the potential of AI-driven radiomics to enhance diagnostic reliability, reduce variability, and improve patient triage in neuro-oncology.

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Artificial Intelligence (AI), Brain Tumor Classification, Radiomics, Magnetic, Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Deep Learning

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The Meitei Pangal Community is one of the major ethnic groups while Meitei being the largest community inhabiting in the Manipur valley. They comprise of 8.40 percent of the total population of the state and majority Meitei community representing about 53 percent. They have been playing major roles in the socio-economic development of Manipuri society thereby earning a unique position for them. Meitei Pangal began to settle in 1606 A.D in Manipur during the time of King Khagemba (1597- 1652) as recorded in Cheitharol Kumbaba, the Royal Chronicles of Manipur. They assimilated into Meitei society by marrying Meitei women. Meiteilon (Meitei Language) is adopted as their mother tongue. They practice the Meitei way of living and culture though they profess Islam religion and strictly following the Islamic code of conduct and the Islamic Sariyat (Law). The main objective is to study on the customary rituals and practices of birth amongst Meitei Pangal. Descriptive and explorative research methods will be employed. The present study is based on field work, open ended interviews of Moulavis and other Islamic Scholars. Royal Chronicles (Cheitharol Kumpaba and Ningthourol Lampuba), Puyas (archaic manuscripts), foreigners accounts, books, newspapers, magazines are taken as literary sources.

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Ritual Practices, Customs, Birth Ceremony, Meitei Pangal

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Maithili folk song is an important genre of Maithili literature. Its area is very huge. It is related to human life. There is an expression of the human conscience in it. Maithili folklore gives a glimpse of the social, cultural, religious economic scenario of Mithila society. In this article the Maithili folk songs are divided into various sections, its description is made- such as Samskara Songs, Devi-Devataka Songs, Nursary Rhymes, Seasonal Songs, Caste Songs, Miscellaneous Songs etc. These songs are sung on a special occasion in Mithila. In conclusion, the cultural tradition of Mithila can be known only through Maithili folklore.

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Communal, cultural, Devotional, Gosaunika-Gita, Hinduism, Bhajana, Lagani, Mahesavani, Miscellaneous, Nursary Rhymes, Nacari, Prati, Season Song, Samskara-Gita.

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This study investigates the differences in work pressure, AI influence, physical activity, burnout, and perceived institutional support among subject teachers and physical education (PE) teachers at the college level. A questionnaire-based survey was administered (synthetic dataset, n = 60; 30 subject teachers, 30 PE teachers). Results indicated significantly higher work pressure, AI influence, and burnout among subject teachers, while PE teachers reported substantially greater physical activity but lower institutional support. The findings highlight the urgent need for balanced workloads, AI-related training, and institutional investment in both academic and physical education domains.

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Physical Education, Physical Education Teacher, Subject Teacher, AI, Physical Activity

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Abstract: Introduction Obesity is a significant public health concern globally and is closely associated with elevated blood pressure, increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Conventional management often relies on pharmacological interventions, which may have limited long-term efficacy and potential side effects. The present study explores the effect of selected yogic interventions on body weight, BMI and blood pressure reduction among obese individuals. A non-pharmacological, integrative approach was employed, utilizing a structured yoga module that included specific asanas (postures), pranayama (breath regulation), and guided relaxation techniques. A randomized controlled trial was conducted involving 100 obese participants aged 20-40 years, divided into a yoga group and a control group. Over a 12-week period, the yoga group practiced the intervention five days per week under supervision. Pre- and post-intervention measurements of body weight, BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were recorded and statistically analysed. Results indicated a significant reduction in body weight, BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the yoga group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Objective: To evaluate the effects of selected yogic interventions on body weight, body mass index (BMI), and blood pressure on obesed individuals. Material and methods: Two hundred cases of obsessed, aged 20 to 40, from the Raipur city participated in a preliminary controlled trial investigation. They were divided in to into two groups such as control and experimental. The experimental group practiced selected yoga for 3 months but the control group did not practice any yoga but led as usual life. Results: Results showed significant improvements in the yoga group, with reductions in all measured variables (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Effect of selected yogic interventions has got the positive result to reduce the body weight, body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure in observed individuals.

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obesity, yoga, BMI, blood pressure

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The study discusses sustainable e-commerce transformation by adopting green logistics pathways towards carbon neutrality. As electronic commerce proceeds with explosive growth, environmental concerns of logistics activities have been a significant sustainability issue. The research applies a mixed-methods methodology through quantitative life cycle analysis of carbon emissions complemented by qualitative case studies of industry champions launching green logistics projects. Results show that combined strategies involving electric vehicle uptake, route optimization algorithms, sustainable packaging innovation and integration of renewable energy sources can cut sector emissions by 40-60%. The study points to three key channels: technological innovation in last-mile delivery networks, process efficiency gains through AI-enabled optimization and extensive carbon offsetting programs. Economic modelling shows that although the upfront costs are high, the majority of green logistics projects yield positive ROI in 3-5 years through cost savings from operations and increased brand value. The research adds a systematic framework for e-commerce firms to move towards carbon-neutrality while preserving competitive operational effectiveness. This study offers pragmatic advice for industry professionals and policymakers looking to reconcile environmental sustainability and economic feasibility in the fast-changing digital commerce environment.

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E-commerce, sustainability, carbon emissions

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 Abstract

Bahusanskrutivad va bhartiya rajniti: ek vishleshan

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Bahusanskrutivad va bhartiya rajniti: ek vishleshan

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India's foreign policy has undergone significant transformation in the 21st century. Moving from a traditionally non-aligned stance, India has increasingly adopted a pragmatic and multi-aligned approach. With rising economic and military capabilities, India seeks to play a greater role on the global stage.This paper analyzes the transformation of India's external engagements from the Vajpayee era to the Modi administration, focusing on emerging partnerships, regional strategies, and India's ambitions in global governance. Drawing on a mix of qualitative analysis and case studies, the study explores India's evolving bilateral and multilateral relations, its positioning in the Indo-Pacific, and its approach to forums such as the G20, BRICS, and the UN. The research identifies key drivers behind India's strategic recalibration and highlights underexplored areas such as digital diplomacy, Africa outreach, and maritime security. Ultimately, the study evaluates whether India's foreign policy is coherent, future-oriented, and capable of supporting its global leadership aspirations.

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India's Foreign Policy in the 21st Century: Strategic Shifts, Emerging Partnerships, and Global Ambitions

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Liposomes are thought to be a promising and adaptable form of medication delivery. Site-targeting, sustained or controlled release, protection of pharmaceuticals from degradation and clearance, superior therapeutic effects, and fewer harmful side effects are some of the better qualities that liposomes have over conventional drug delivery systems. Due to these advantages, during the past few decades, a number of liposomal medicinal formulations have been approved and used in clinical settings. Spherical-shaped lipoidal vesicles known as liposomes are being studied extensively as medication carriers to increase the delivery and bioavailability of medicinal substances. Liposomes are also known as targeted drug delivery systems because they are a very effective way to deliver an active medication to a specific area of the body without damaging or trapping other areas. Liposomes come in a variety of sizes and can be used to treat a wide range of conditions. They work as a vehicle to deliver a medication or substance to the active site at a specific rate and time without damaging other body parts. Liposomes are stable and biocompatible. Their ability to trap hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs (of amphipathic type) in their compartment and produce a controlled-release action is a unique characteristic.

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Liposomes, Liposomal drug delivery, Targeted drug delivery, Controlled release

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India is a rural country. In India, villagers have long been the norm, with agriculture serving as the primary source of income. Additionally, agriculturally linked employment have been undervalued. Most of the people lack access to sanitary facilities, food, housing, and drinkable water, and they do not have any additional sources of income. Many are also impoverished and do not have family employment. It's a great task to raise them relentlessly above the poverty line. The nation's top priorities include eradicating rural poverty inequality and giving peasants a life of dignity. The Indian government is implementing numerous employments generating initiatives to close the employment generation gap in rural areas of the country. The first law in Indian history to guarantee employment and pay is the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act. This study examines the impact of MGNREGA on job creation, the kinds of jobs carried out under this legislation, and the degree to which this initiative has reduced rural India's poverty. This paper examines and describes how MGNREGA helps impoverished rural residents improve their standard of living by combining labour and skill. Additionally, the challenges faced by the beneficiaries and satisfaction of them too.

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MGNREG, Agriculture, Employment

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Non-ionizing radiation, Mobile phones, Ovarian reserve, AMH, AFC, Female fertility, Research hypothesis

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This study conducts a benchmarking analysis of post-market surveillance (PMS) safety performance for medical devices under the European Union Medical Device Regulation (EU MDR 2017/745) and India's Medical Device Rules (MDR 2017). Using a mixed-methods, comparative case study approach, the research combines documentary policy analysis and empirical outcome data from public databases, adverse event reports, and field safety corrective action (FSCA) records. The findings demonstrate that while the EU MDR's rigorous, lifecycle-based PMS framework supports higher levels of safety transparency, data completeness, and regulatory response, India's evolving approach shows significant progress in reporting culture and flexibility but faces challenges related to infrastructural capacity and under-reporting. Recommendations are provided for both jurisdictions to strengthen their surveillance systems, promote regulatory alignment, and encourage global harmonization in device safety oversight. The study concludes by proposing directions for comparative and longitudinal research in other jurisdictions and device categories.

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Post-market surveillance; medical devices; EU MDR 2017/745; India MDR 2017; safety benchmarking; adverse event reporting; FSCA; regulatory science; Materiovigilance.

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