Volume 10 | Issue 9

 Abstract

Cardiospermum halicacabum (L.) is a climber which has been used for ages to relief from rheumatism, stiffness and snake bites etc. The plant reported as anti-inflammatory, anti-diuretic, anti-diabetic, anticarcinogenic, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-diarrheal, antioxidant, hepatoprotective and anthelmintic properties. The present study was aim to investigate the anthelmintic activity of plant Cardiospermum halicacabum (L.) and also to find out traditional alternatives of helminthiasis. According to their increasing polarity, the dried leaves of the plants were successively extracted by Soxhlet using distilled water as a solvent. Pheretima posthuma, an Indian earthworm, was treated by organic solvents such as distilled water, ethanol, and acetone at various concentration (50, 100, and 150 mg/ml). As a standard drug alben dazole was used, while distilled water served as the control. The worm&039;s paralysis and death time were determined. The presence of phytoconstituents such as alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, and saponins, which are responsible for anthelminthic action, was revealed by a qualitative phytochemical analysis of the plant. In comparison to ethanol, distilled water, and albendazole, acetone extract from plants has strong anthelminthic activity while taking less time to paralyze and kill the earthworm.

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Cardiospermum halicacabum (L.), Pheretima posthuma, Anthelmintic activity, Aqueous, Ethanol and Acetone extract

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An induction motor drive inverter with a decreased number of switches is shown. If you're working with medium or high voltage power electronic drives, a multilevel inverter is your best bet. Utilizing a unique ability to synthesize a sine wave with fewer harmonics using several DC sources. For high voltage applications, this concept presents a three-phase framework that may be expanded in both modular and cascaded configurations. Using just four active switches in the conduction channel, this topology may create negative polarity without an H-bridge structure, which reduces power losses and voltage stress on the switches. Using the PSO method, this work presents a novel way of determining the optimal magnitude of DC sources because of the wide range of switching patterns that may be used. The optimal switching angle (OSA) modulation method is used to calculate the ideal switching angles via the PSO algorithm to increase voltage quality and decrease total harmonic distortion (THD). 25 and 31 level MLI is designed and analyzed result using the suggested topology and its optimization technique are shown to be viable.

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Multilevel Inverter (MLI), Voltage Quality, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO).

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In the world of globalization and technology, English as second language is mostly spoken in all over the world and has been a language of education, commerce and industry. The present research paper aims at understanding the attitudinal problems of non-native learners in learning English as a second language. Though it is true that English is supposed to be the native language of only three countries in the world such as U. K., U. S. A. and Canada, yet it has been a universal language of communication. There are some countries in which many regional languages are spoken. In such countries, the people find many difficulties while learning and speaking English. A sincere effort is made to throw light on the attitudinal problems of English Language Learners. Apart from the traditional problems of learning English, there are many attitudinal problems that affect to the second language learning. These problems are especially introduced and discussed with ample references. They seem to be the obstacles in the ways of learning English. Some effective remedies are also suggested for the improvement of English language.

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Attitude, Problems, Anglophobia, Diffidence, and Prejudices

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Background and Aim: The consumption of junk food has become a fashionable trait in the globalized era. Teenagers, specifically in school goers like to have fast food daily, thereby they are consuming food that has low nutritious value. Regular consumption of junk food can cause health issues, not only physical health but also mental health. This study aims to investigate the attitude of graduation-level students toward junk food and its harmful effects on mental health. Methodology: This is a survey study conducted on 81(45 girls and 36 boys) graduation-level students. A convenience sampling technique was used. Data regarding the attitude of students toward junk food was collected using a questionnaire administered by Gopal, Kannabiran, and Seenivasan (2012). Results: Results showed that the majority of the students(64%) preferred fast food among the different types of junk food. Nearly 45% of the participants use to have junk food once a week. Taste is the most influencing factor in junk food. 81% of the student's considered junk food as unhealthy but only 62% know that regular consumption of junk food can cause mental health problems, no significant frequency difference was found between male and female students regarding this attitude.

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The Betel (piper betel) which belongs to the piperaceae family is grown in worldwide. The fresh leaves of betel vine are popularly known as paan in India. It also contains several nutritive compounds such as vitamin C, thiamine, niacin, riboflavin, carotenes and great source of calcium. The study was undertaken to produce stable and organoleptically preffered paan shot (paan drink) with five different combinations of betel leaves juice and milk masala i.e. S1 (70% juice + 30% milk masala), S2 (60% juice + 40% milk masala), S3 (50% juice + 50% milk masala), S4 (40% juice + 60% milk masala). The milk masala is prepared with combination of milk and ingredients such as gulkand, tutti-frutti, cardamom, cherry, funnel seeds, desiccated coconuts. The sensory properties of paan shot was evaluated by a semi trained paanellist members. Sodium benzoate is used as a preservative .The result shown the colour, flavour, sweetness, consistency, mouthfeel and overall acceptability of sample number 3 containing 50% of juice and 50% milk masala got high score and other sample were moderately acceptable. The storage potential of paan shot was observed. After 12 weeks S1, S2, S3 and S4 were slightly change in TSS and acidity. Minimum physiochemical quality attributes were deterioted in paan shot due to addition of preservatives. Paan shot (Paan drink) was found completely free from spoilage due to antibacterial properties of betel leaves and effective processing of the product.

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Thiamine, TSS, Consistency, Vine, Sensory Properties.

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Cancer, Limonia acidissima L., MDA-MB-21 cells, flavonoids, phenolics, MTT assay, LDH assay, live/dead dual staining.

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In the clinical context of any hospital, intravenous (IV) therapy is a regular procedure, and nurses are responsible for handling and managing the patient receiving IV therapy. However, because nurses lacked proper training and experience in IV therapy, a number of major medical problems occurred. As a result, this study was carried out to learn more about the IV therapy knowledge of the nurses working in a teaching hospital. A study design was chosen with 100 nurses to evaluate their IV therapy knowledge. A method of systematic random sampling was employed. A semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire was used to gather information about nurses' knowledge. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied to the data analysis. On IV therapy, the knowledge level was deemed insufficient and unacceptable. Age, professional qualification, professional designation, professional experience, and in-service education were characteristics that were linked to IV treatment knowledge levels. It has been determined that the majority of nurses lacked adequate IV treatment understanding. Therefore, it is strongly advised for the need of an IV treatment protocol, in-service training, efficient supervision, and reinforcement to improve nurses' knowledge of IV therapy.

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Keywords: IV Therapy, Procedure, In-service Education, Nurses.

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.Educational awareness , 2. Environmental awareness , 3. Public library

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In this investigation cyanophyceae members were found in all selected locations of Nizamabad district, Telangana state. An attempt has been made to isolate Cyanobacteria from paddy fields of Nizamabad district Telangana State. These are characterized based on their morphological characters by using standard literature and key points. Cyanobacteria are the most important group of nitrogen fixing organisms. Among algae, the cyanobacteria are considered to be very valuable in agriculture. To initiate the study, soil samples were collected in polythene bags and were brought to the laboratory. Cultures were maintained and periodical observations were made. During the period of investigation and observation dominant species of cyanophyceae were identified. The Nostocaceae has been reported by maximum number of genera and species.

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BGA, Paddy fields, Nizamabad district.

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Data Envelopment Analysis, Relative efficiency, Police efficiency.

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Flexibility has long been a future of the delivery of learning in higher Education. Flexible learning empowering students by offering them choices in how what when and where they learn. Academic bank of credit is based on principle of distributed and flexible teaching learning that allows a student to learn as per his or her convenience, drop education mid-way and pick it up again as per choice and convenience. This will also address curtailing the dropout ratio while also improving gross enrolment ratio (GER). The NEP aims to increase the gross enrolment ratio (GER) to 50% by 2035. India now has the second largest higher Education system in the world, with 40,924 HEIs and 37 million students. The flexibility in the system to pick credits from different institutions would no doubt drive mobility amongst students to move between institutions in the country as well as overseas.

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Academic Bank of Credit, Higher Education, Lifelong learning

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Road accidents, Economic Development, Infrastructure, vehicular Growth Environmental safety.

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Web Metrics, Web Quality, Web Testing, Web Faults, Web development Engineering

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in this paper we introduce new type of binary open sets namely binary s alpha open sets in binary topological space. also some of the properties have been discussed

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bS alpha closed set, bS alpha open set.

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One of the most important conditions for a country's development is its educational system. India's advantage of having a sizable youth population offers a great opportunity to the players in the education sector as well as scope to the government for the development of this sector and, as a result, the nation. Numerous foreign competitors have entered the Indian education market as a result of a number of factors, including rising income levels and advantageous foreign policies. The Indian government has also undertaken a number of initiatives to ensure that the youth of the nation receive high-quality education. Severe criticism is always levelled at every country's established system. Numerous accusations have been made against the country's educational system by students, parents, and teachers. Parents want their children to receive a 99.99 percent grade, teachers believe they are underpaid, and students believe they are overburdened. Many institutions located all over the state provide Telangana education. Telangana's education system entails completing 10+2 prior to enrolling in a graduation programme. The School Education Department oversees the administration of First Standard through Tenth Standard classes, and the Board of Secondary Education oversees the Tenth Class (S.S.C.) public examination at the state level. Following this two-year period, intermediate education will be governed by the Board of Intermediate Education. The current paper is a modest attempt to understand the current situation of Telangana State's education system using it as a case study.

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Education, excellence, colleges, universities, free education, enrolment ratio

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Machine Frame, Power Transmission Systems, Steering System, Digging System, Conveyor System, Windrowing System.

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Secondary School Students, Emotional competence, life skill

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Open society, historicism, Popperian Marx, personal reflection, scientific argumentation, anti-essentialism, and obscurantist.

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This develops an in-depth analysis of the current industrial ethernet, OPC UA, Modbus TCP, and Profinet, against the vulnerability in the industrial control network, adopts the security strategy under the combination of security function in the mainstream industrial ethernet and protocol deep analysis, and designs an ethernet security monitor in multi-protocol. This monitor may automatically detect various network protocols in one or more network protocols, keep track of network activity in real-time in accordance with the security setup plan, and monitor unwanted device access, strange messages, network anomalies, etc. track the important process data for the equipment and implement local and remote alarm functions. According to tests, this monitor doesn't interfere with the original industrial control network and can successfully safeguard its security.

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Sender, Receiver, Router, Modbus TCP, security monitor

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C-reactive protein (CRP) was discovered by Tillett and Francis in 1930. The name CRP arose because it was first identified as a substance in the serum of patients with acute inflammation that reacted with the "c" carbohydrate antigen of the capsule of pneumococcus. CRP is a pentameric protein synthesized by the liver, whose level rises in response to inflammation. CRP is an acute-phase reactant protein that is primarily induced by the IL-6 action on the gene responsible for the transcription of CRP during the acute phase of an inflammatory/infectious process. There is some question about whether deregulation of the role of CRP in the clearance of apoptotic cells and cellular debris plays a role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but this has not been definitively demonstrated. It has been demonstrated to have some protective properties in animal studies on lung tissue in alveolitis by reducing neutrophil-mediated damage to the alveoli and protein leakage into the lung. CRP has both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties. It plays a role in the recognition and clearance of foreign pathogens and damaged cells by binding to phosphocholine, phospholipids, histone, chromatin, and fibronectin. It can activate the classic complement pathway and also activate phagocytic cells via Fc receptors to expedite the removal of cellular debris and damaged or apoptotic cells and foreign pathogens. This can become pathologic, however, when it is activated by autoantibodies displaying the phosphocholine arm in auto-immune processes, such as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). It can also worsen tissue damage in certain cases by activation of the complement system and thus inflammatory cytokines. As compared to the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, which is an indirect test for inflammation, the levels of CRP rise and fall rapidly with the onset and removal of the inflammatory stimulus, respectively. Persistently elevated CRP levels can be seen in chronic inflammatory conditions such as chronic infections or inflammatory arthritides such as rheumatoid arthritis. There are numerous causes of an elevated C-reactive protein. These include acute and chronic conditions, and these can be infectious or non-infectious in etiology. However, markedly elevated levels of CRP are most often associated with an infectious cause (an example of pathogen-associated molecular pattern recognition). Trauma can also cause elevations in CRP (alarming response). More modest elevations tend to be associated with a broader spectrum of etiologies, ranging from sleep disturbances to periodontal disease.

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Interleukin, Inflammation, Arthritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Apoptotic cell, Phospholipids, Macrophage, Adipocytes, Polysaccharide

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