Volume 13 | Issue 9

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Hypertension, often referred to as the "silent killer," is one of the most common non-communicable diseases and a major risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, nearly one in four adults globally is living with hypertension, and its prevalence continues to rise due to rapid urbanization, lifestyle modifications, unhealthy dietary practices, and stress-related factors. In India, urban populations are particularly vulnerable owing to sedentary lifestyles, increased consumption of processed foods, tobacco and alcohol use, and limited awareness regarding preventive health practices. Despite being preventable and manageable through lifestyle modification, early detection, and adherence to treatment, hypertension often remains undiagnosed or poorly controlled. Lack of awareness, misconceptions about the disease, irregular health check-ups, and inadequate health-seeking behaviors further compound the problem, especially in urban communities Aim and objective: The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of an Educational Intervention regarding prevention and management of Hypertension among adults residing in a selected urban community of Mysuru Methods: Research design adopted for the study was pre-experimental, one group pre-test, post-test design .Non probability purposive sampling was used to select 100 adults residing in the selected urban community for the study. Knowledge of adults regarding prevention and management of hypertension was assessed using Structured Knowledge Questionnaire. Educational Intervention on prevention and management of hypertension was conducted for all subjects. Results: The results of the study revealed that Educational Intervention was effective in increasing the knowledge of adults regarding prevention and management of Hypertension as evidenced by computed paired 't' test which was significant at 0.05 level of significance ('t' 99 = 16.88; p<0.05) Conclusion: Educational Intervention was effective in enhancing the knowledge of adults regarding the prevention and management of Hypertension. The study findings stress the increasing responsibility of health professionals in planning and implementing various educational strategies to improve the knowledge of the public regarding prevention and management of Hypertension which in turn help to reduce their risk for Hypertension in their later life.

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Knowledge. Effectiveness, Educational Intervention, Hypertension, Urban adults

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Post-operative pain is a predictable consequence of oral surgery, resulting from tissue trauma and the ensuing inflammatory response. Despite advances in surgical protocols and analgesia, managing this pain effectively remains a clinical hurdle. Factors such as the variability in patient pain perception and the multifactorial origins of pain complicate outcomes. This review provides a synthesized overview of current pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic strategies for post-surgical pain control in oral surgery, highlights persistent challenges, and identifies areas for future clinical and research focus. This paper also delves into the mechanisms of pain at the molecular level, evaluates the comparative efficacy of various drug classes, and underscores the importance of tailoring treatment plans to individual patient profiles. Emphasis is placed on the integration of recent clinical findings and guidelines to optimize post-operative outcomes in oral surgery.

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Oral surgery, Pain management, NSAIDs, Paracetamol, Opioids, Multimodal analgesia, Adjuvants, Patient-centered care.

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This article is about how Karl Marx's Marxist theory ideas can be connected to the effect of AI on work, class and society. Marx argued that capitalization leads to the exploitation of workers and they feel disconnected from their work.AI especially though automation, can make this worse by taking away jobs increasing inequality and making the gap between the rich and poor Nowadays AI reduces human labour in many fields by performing tasks that were done by the people. Here is where Karl Marx, Marxist theory became relevant, he explained how capitalism exploits the workers and how it creates inequality between classes. AI is gradually taking away the existing job opportunities and at the same time it also brings new job opportunities to the world. The new job opportunities introduced by the AI includes machine learning, robotics maintenance etc. All of these jobs require advanced learning and training .Lower class people can't afford it and this will intensify class struggle and create economic disparity. By these concepts, we can better address the challenges and opportunities presented by the AI era.

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Economic disparity, Exploitation, Automation, Inequality ,Class struggle

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This study develops a hybrid machine learning framework to analyze and forecast surface ocean dynamics in the Arabian Sea. The pipeline integrates preprocessing, anomaly detection, and forecasting within a cycle-wise modular design that separates carbon, nutrient, phytoplankton, oxygen, and physical drivers into independent modeling workflows. Classical ensemble methods such as support vector machines and clustering were employed for anomaly detection, while hybrid CNN-LSTM architectures were trained for temporal forecasting, supported by additional ensemble models (ARIMA, Prophet). Evaluation demonstrated that the modular design is computationally feasible and ecologically interpretable, successfully reproducing key surface-layer dynamics including carbonate variability and nutrient-chlorophyll coupling. Carbon cycle forecasts achieved the strongest performance, while oxygen predictions were more uncertain due to gradient complexity and data sparsity. Although constrained by reduced training and absence of in-situ validation, the framework establishes a baseline methodology for hybrid ML-DL applications in marine forecasting, offering a scalable approach for future integration with physical ocean models.

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Hybrid machine learning; Deep learning; CNN-LSTM; Ensemble models; Anomaly detection; Surface ocean forecasting; Arabian Sea; Biogeochemical cycles; Carbon system; Time-series prediction

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It is a comparative study conducted among adolescent girls of age 18-23yrs. A sample size of 100 was selected to analyze their dietary habits and corresponding hemoglobin levels. The objective is to evaluate the intake of whole foods versus processed foods in relation to individual hemoglobin levels. Additionally, the study aims to examine the correlation between the consumption of whole foods and processed foods and their impact on hemoglobin levels.

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Whole Foods, Processed Foods, Hemoglobin

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Lifestyle disorders, including obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease, are major global health concerns closely linked to diet. Modern biomedical science attributes these conditions to chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and hormonal dysregulation, whereas Unani medicine explains them through disturbances in Miz?j (temperament) and the production of abnormal Akhl?? (humours). This paper undertakes a comparative analysis of diet in the causation and management of lifestyle disorders from both perspectives. Classical Unani texts such as Al-Q?n?n f? al-?ibb (Ibn S?n?) and Kit?b al-??w? (al-R?z?) were examined alongside contemporary biomedical literature. Despite theoretical differences, both systems converge on the principles of moderation, balanced nutrition, proper meal timing, and personalization of diet. Unani concepts like Il?j bi'l-Ghidh? (dietotherapy), temperament-based food selection, and avoidance of harmful combinations resonate with modern preventive nutrition and chrono-nutrition. The integration of these approaches offers a holistic, sustainable model for preventing and managing lifestyle disorders, reaffirming the timeless view of diet as both a cause of disease and a cornerstone of therapy.

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Lifestyle disorders; Unani medicine; Diet (Ghidh?'); Miz?j; Integrative nutrition

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The Eastern Ghats of India, a biodiversity hotspot, are increasingly threatened by forest fires, which significantly impact vegetation and ecosystem stability. This study conducts a statistical analysis of forest fire occurrences and their effects on vegetation in the Eastern Ghats. The present study has focused on the techniques on the remote sensing, GIS, and statistical models to understand the fire frequency, intensity, and their correlation with vegetation degradation. The review has demonstrated a rising trend in fire frequency, with notable impacts on tropical dry deciduous forests, leading to reduced species diversity and soil degradation. The Forest Survey of India states that nearly 36 per cent of India's forests are prone to frequent fires. The forest fire season in India lasts from November to June. Development of statistical models, including principal component analysis (PCA) and regression, reveal strong relationships between fire events, climatic factors, and vegetation loss are essential to continuous monitoring and locating the fire prone areas. We also explore the causes of forest fires, their broader ecological impacts, and prevention strategies, emphasizing the need for integrated fire management to conserve the Eastern Ghats' ecosystems.

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Forest fires, Eastern-Ghats, impact on vegetation and biodiversity, mitigation measures

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Abstract :- Time series analysis has emerged as a critical tool for understanding dynamic patterns in financial and environmental systems. Both domains exhibit complex behaviours, such as non-stationarity, seasonality, volatility, and long-term trends, making advanced statistical and machine learning methods indispensable. This paper explores the methodologies, applications, and comparative analysis of time series models in finance, (stock prices, exchange rates, volatility) and environment (climate change indicators, air quality, temperature forecasting). The integration of computational methods, particularly machine learning and deep learning, is discussed as a way to enhance predictive performance and policy implications.

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KEYWORDS: Time Series Analysis, Financial Forecasting, Environmental Data, ARIMA, GARCH, Machine Learning, Deep Learning

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Wound management is an integral part of healthcare and holds significant importance in Ayurvedic practice. This case study highlights the role of Jalaukavacharan (leech therapy) in managing a chronic wound. A 24-year-old female presented with wounds over the ankle region, associated with pain, itching, and inflammation for two months. Conventional symptomatic care provided little relief. Ayurvedic management was initiated with leech therapy, accompanied by internal medicines such as Gandhak Rasayan, Triphala Guggul, Punarnava Guggul, and Sariva-Manjishta-Nimsaal Kadha. The therapy demonstrated marked improvement within five days--complete relief in pain, reduction in erythema, absence of discharge, and signs of progressive wound healing (Ruhyamanavastha). This study concludes that Ayurvedic leech therapy, along with internal medicines, is highly effective in wound healing, providing rapid relief without adverse effects.

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Ayurvedic wound management Jalaukavacharan Leech therapy Chronic wound Case report Tridoshaja wound Rakta dushti Shalyatantra Pain and inflammation relief Ayurvedic parasurgical procedure Ruhyamanavastha (healing stage) Natural wound healing

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The soil of the Nashik District offers remarkable opportunities for studying the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. A survey was conducted on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil of garlic (Allium sativum) across four different locations in the Niphad and Chandwad talukas of the Nasik district in Maharashtra. The highest number of AM propagules, totaling 446 per 100 grams of soil, along with the greatest root infection rate of 82%, was observed in the Panchakeshwar locality. In contrast, the Rahud locality recorded the lowest number of AM propagules at 174 per 100 grams of soil and a root infection rate of just 50%. The other two localities, Palkhed and Dighwad, exhibited intermediate results. From both the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil of garlic, three genera comprising seventeen species were isolated. The genus Glomus was the most prevalent, featuring ten species. The other genera identified included Acaulospora, which had three to four species, and Scutellospora, which had five species. Notably, the number of AM propagules was higher in the rhizosphere soil compared to the non-rhizosphere soil. Soil analysis was performed to assess various parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic carbon (OC %), phosphorus (P2O5 in Kg/ac), potassium (K2O in Kg/ac), and trace elements including zinc (Zn in ppm), copper (Cu in ppm), iron (Fe in ppm), and manganese (Mn in ppm) from both rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil of garlic.

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Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi, Diversity, Garlic (Allium sativum L.)

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Due to excessive loading, construction errors and improper maintenance strengthening of concrete structures becomes critical. Fibre reinforced polymer brings improvement in load bearing capacity, improved ductility and reduces damages due to deterioration. The researchers are seeking new and innovative ways of strengthening of beams as conventional methods of reinforcement encountered certain limitations which are required to overcome. The technique of wrapping a Reinforced Concrete (RC) beam with composite material becomes popular and has been widely adopted in the structural applications due to their superior properties. FRP consumes relatively a less labour cost and also easy way to strengthen the structures to give effective solution. The experimental work has been done for both conventional and CFRP strengthening sheets and calculated compressive, Split-tensile strength & flexural strength sheets with various intervals such as CFRP wrapped with 50mm interval, CFRP wrapped without interval

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Reinforced Concrete (RC) Beams, Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) ,Structural Strengthening, Compressive Strength, Split-Tensile Strength, Flexural Strength , FRP Wrapping Technique , Load Bearing Capacity, Ductility Improvement, Interval Wrapping (50mm / Continuous Wrapping)

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Cloud computing combined with big data analytics offers transformative opportunities for healthcare--enabling scalable storage, multimodal data fusion, and advanced machine learning for clinical and operational decision support. This paper presents a comprehensive framework and experimental plan for deploying cloud-based analytics to improve patient care. We describe architectures (centralized Lakehouse, hybrid edge-cloud, and federated setups), data engineering pipelines for electronic health records (EHR), imaging, and device telemetry, and privacy-preserving machine learning strategies (federated learning, differential privacy). We propose a set of experiments using public and partner datasets to evaluate predictive performance, latency, cost, and privacy-utility tradeoffs. We also outline deployment considerations, regulatory compliance, and ethical safeguards for real-world adoption. Our work aims to provide a reproducible blueprint for researchers and healthcare IT teams to build cloud-centered analytics that improve clinical outcomes while minimizing privacy risks.

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Cloud Computing, Big Data Analytics, Healthcare, Patient Care, Electronic Health Records, Privacy-Preserving Machine Learning, Telemedicine

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This paper explores the intersection of Thaang-Taa, the martial tradition of the Meiteis, and Lai Haraoba, the ritual festival that enacts cosmological creation, cultural memory, and social practices of the community. While Thaang-Taa is often studied in terms of its martial discipline, this article highlights its ritual embodiment within Lai Haraoba, where tools and weapons such as swords, knives, spears, scissors, and agricultural implements appear not materially but symbolically through codified gestures and movements. Episodes like Nungnao Jagoi, Phisarol, Yumsharol, and Uyanlon reveal how martial and agricultural traditions are preserved in ritual performance. The study argues that the human body serves as the primary site where the spiritual, martial, and cultural converge, transforming material absence into symbolic presence. Drawing on performance studies and cultural analysis, this article demonstrates how Lai Haraoba sustains intangible heritage and positions Thaang-Ta as a living archive of Meitei identity, aesthetics, and philosophy.

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Lai Haraoba, Thaang-Ta, Ritual Performance, Cultural Memory, Intangible Heritage

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Youth mental health disparities in modern-day India are a product of the interplay of embedded social hierarchies with burgeoning digital realities. We present a comprehensive secondary data analysis that triangulates peer-reviewed academic literature, civil society reports, governmental reports, NGO reports, and statistics on cybercrime and cyber offenses from 2018-2025 to shed light on the sociopsychological basis of online discrimination and the implications to youth mental health. Results yielded higher prevalence rates of caste slurs (28%), gender harassment (34%), cyberbullying (29%) and hate speech - especially for marginalized youth; substantial declines in psychological outcomes for self-concept; trauma indicators including acute stress disorders seen at different levels; different coping strategies - heavily mediated by access to digital - urban youth having access to peered networks and rural or caste marginalized youth having close networks of family and traditions. We interpret these findings using sociopsychology with a social identity, stereotype threat, and social stress lens - how offline, deep-seated disparities will seek to reproduce or replicate in the online space - exclusions from an online space also become a mode of inequity that limits access to mental health resources and building resiliency. Triangulating the sociopsychological knowledge around youth and sociopsychological issues of digital equity provided urgency and an imperative for a converged action agenda for policy change - policy change is needed and will need strong, culture-specific legal frameworks.

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mental health disparities, online discrimination, casteism, cyberbullying, digital exclusion, India, youth mental health, social identity theory, trauma-informed care, digital equity, policy implications.

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Nutraceutical lozenges, Vitamin C, Vitamin D, Probiotics, Oral health, Natural antioxidants, Herbal formulation, Buccal drug delivery, Lozenges evaluation, Nutritional supplements, Antimicrobial activity

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Introduction: Arka Prakasha, an Ayurveda treatise authored by Lankapathi Ravana, systematically details the principles, preparation, and therapeutic applications of Arka Kalpana--an ancient pharmaceutical distillation technique notable for yielding potent, fast-acting liquid formulations. This review aims to elucidate the methodology of Arka preparation as outlined in Arka Prakasha and to explore its clinical relevance and application in Women's health. Methods: A comprehensive literature review on Arka Prakasha, Arka Kalpana techniques, and their utility in Prasuti Tantra Evum Stree Roga in conditions like Yoni Shoola, Pradara Roga, Rajo Rodha, Vipluta Yoni Vyapad etc. Results: Arka Kalpana formulations derived from Arka Prakasha exhibit enhanced bioavailability and potency due to the distillation process concentrating volatile active principles. These formulations demonstrate significant applications in Women's Health. Clinical studies indicate improved symptom relief, faster recovery, and favorable safety profiles compared to other dosage forms. The distillate form facilitates patient compliance through better palatability and decreased dosing volume. Discussion: Arka Prakasha's detailed pharmacognostic classification and methodical preparation techniques provide a robust framework for utilizing Arka Kalpana in Gynecological and Obstetric care. Its therapeutic advantages lie in targeted Dosha correction, rapid action, and reduced adverse effects. Integration of Arka Kalpana into modern Gynecological practice could provide holistic adjunct treatment options. Further large-scale clinical evaluation is the scope of Research.

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Arka Prakasha, Arka Kalpana, Ayurvedic distillation, Prasuti Tantra, Stree Roga

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The postal department has been the strong foundation for the country's communication and also offers various financial services. Gradually, rather than providing communication services, post office provides many schemes for investment purpose. This paper investigated the factors influencing and awareness level of the investors about post office savings schemes in Erode district of Tamilnadu. Factors influencing investors have been analysed with the help of Garrett's Ranking Technique and awareness level of the investors about post office savings schemes were analysed using chi-square test. Primary data were collected from 474 sample investors through well - structured Interview Schedule. Data collected have been analysed using SPSS. It is found that 54% of the investors are having low level of awareness and 46% of the investors are having high level of awareness about post office savings schemes.

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Post office savings schemes, Interest rate, financial inclusion and National savings certificate.

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India's 2005 shift to a product-patent regime fundamentally reshaped pharmaceutical innovation, pricing, and competition. This paper examines how patent rules particularly Sections 3(d), 84 (compulsory licensing), and 107A (Bolar exemption) affect firm behavior and public health outcomes, with a special focus on Andhra Pradesh (AP), a fast-growing pharmaceutical and med-tech hub anchored by Visakhapatnam's Jawaharlal Nehru Pharma City (JNPC), Divi's Laboratories' API facilities, and the Andhra Pradesh MedTech Zone (AMTZ). Using a mixed method doctrinal legal analysis + firm-level and cluster-level evidence we assess (i) patenting/launch patterns for APIs and formulations, (ii) spillovers on exports and employment, and (iii) access/affordability trade-offs. We interpret national precedents (e.g., Natco-Bayer compulsory licence) for their region-level implications, and map how AP's industrial policy and shared R&D/testing infrastructure mediate IPR effects. Findings aim to guide state and central decision-makers on balancing incentives for high-quality innovation with equitable access to medicines. Key recommendations include targeted R&D incentives in AP clusters, stronger Section 3(d) examination capacity, faster regulatory-IP coordination for generics under Section 107A, and cluster-wide IP facilitation cells within AMTZ/JNPC. (Key statutory anchors: Patents Act, 1970 as amended in 2005; Sections 3(d), 84, 107A.)

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Product patents; Section 3(d); Compulsory licensing; Bolar exemption; APIs; Generics; Visakhapatnam; JNPC; AMTZ; India

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The present study presents a multi-faceted understanding of consciousness-power (cicchakti), both from epistemological as well as metaphysical standpoints. From an epistemological standpoint, it (cicchakti) has been diversely portrayed, viz., 1) as the means of valid knowledge (pram??a), 2) as the valid cognition (pram?), and 3) as the knower (pram?t?). On the one hand, cicchakti, with reference to ?iva, is the fundamental force behind the manifestation of all the thirty-six tattvas, which results in the setting forth of the metaphysical foundation of the entire creation. On the other hand, cicchakti, with reference to the realm of an individual soul, is the primordial ?akti who bestows both the ability to act and the fruits corresponding to those actions as well. This study will conclude that cicchakti is of the nature of omniscience and omnipotence, and is present in both ?iva and j?va.

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Cicchakti, Consciousness-power, Epistemology, ?aivaparibh???, ?aiva Siddh?nta

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