Volume 13 | Issue 9

 Abstract

Urban informality has become the defining feature of modern Indian cities, where rapid urbanization and rural-to-urban migration meet limited planning capacity. Jodhpur, the second city of Rajasthan, provides a crucial case to analyze the interaction between slum development, squatter settlements, and changing cultural landscape. Census of India (2011) reports that about 28.3% of the population of Jodhpur lives in slums, with about 1.2 lakh individuals living in more than 210 notified and non-notified clusters. These settlements, being primarily found on the periphery of the city and industrialized belts, depict both socio-economic vulnerabilities and resilience. This paper examines the geographical spread, socio-economic composition, and cultural dynamics of Jodhpur's informal settlements through a mixed-methods approach. Secondary Census data (2001-2011), reports of Jodhpur Development Authority (JDA), and satellite imagery were combined with primary surveys from five representative slum clusters: Rajiv Nagar, Indira Colony, Basni Kachchi Basti, Pratap Nagar, and Mandore fringe. The results show that almost 65% of the households are migrants from Barmer, Pali, and Jalore districts, and 45% are dependent on the informal labor markets such as construction, handicrafts, and street vending. These slums' cultural environment is different: even as spatial situations are characterized by poor housing, sanitation, and uneven water supply (only 32% of households use piped water), the communities have rich cultural practices. These are celebrated communally through festivals like Gangaur and Teej, local shrines and temples serve as foci of social bonding, vernacular modes of building adaptations--mud walls, tin roofs, recycled stone slabs--are modes of scarcity and creativity. GIS mapping reveals the locational exclusion of squatter settlements close to industrial belts and rail tracks, accentuating exclusion from formal urban development. The settlements also serve, however, as drivers of urban culture and economic life, adding to Jodhpur's labor force, handicraft exports, and street economies. The research concludes that slums and squatter settlements are not just areas of deprivation but also living participants in the cultural design of the city. Their contribution to Jodhpur's cityscape should be accepted and their role should be recognized in planning informal geographies into inclusive planning, housing policy, and cultural heritage practices.

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Significance of Research on Jodhpur's Informal Settlements, Research Area: Jodhpur City, Pattern of Distribution of Slums and Squatter Settlements, Interconnection between Urban Informality and Cultural Landscape, Study Objectives, Urban Informality in Jodhpur, Cultural Landscape of the Informal Settlements, Planning and Environmental Issues.

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Bangladesh:From Independence to Sheikh Hasina's Resignation and the Muhammad Yunus Era

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Key words: Bangladesh, Independence, Sheikh Hasina, Muhammad Yunus, Democracy, Political Transition, Governance, South Asia

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Aarthik Udarikaran Ke Pashchat Bharat Me Dairy Udhyog Ke Yogdaan Ka Adhyayan: Samay Srikhala Vishleshan

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Aarthik Udarikaran Ke Pashchat Bharat Me Dairy Udhyog Ke Yogdaan Ka Adhyayan: Samay Srikhala Vishleshan

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A study was conducted to assess the knowledge of people from Urban and Rural area regarding prevention of dengue fever. To assess the practice of people from Urban and Rural area regarding prevention of dengue fever. To find the association between knowledge and practice score regarding dengue fever with their selected demographic variables. METHOD :A comparative research design was selected for the study, setting for the study was two communities (Rural(Mujakheda) and Urban (Dhankour GZB. 60 Sample were selected from each community MAJOR FINDING OF THE STUDY Data represented depicted that 39(65%) that is majority of people had poor knowledge, 15(25%) of people had average knowledge and 6(10%) had good knowledge in Rural area. But in Urban area34 (57%) had average knowledge, 15 (25%) of people had good knowledge and 15(25%) had poor knowledge. This indicated that the people of Urban area had more knowledge as compare with Rural area population. Data represented show that the mean score of Rural (13.06) among people was lower than the Urban people score of mean (21.45) after assessment. This indicated that the people of Urban area had more knowledge as compare with Rural and urban area population. There was no significant association between level of knowledge score with the selected demographic variables. CONCLUSION. According to knowledge and practice rural area had low knowledge and practice according to urban.

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knowledge, Practise People, Assess, Dengue ,Urban & Rural

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The primary purpose of this research is to develop and assess polyherbal antidandruff shampoo based on natural sources. The herbs were extracted using simple decoction method. The most effective herbs such as - shikakai, reetha, neem, aloevera, belpatra, pomegranate, rose oil, glycerine, methyl paraben. Polyherbal shampoo is a hair care product made consisting of a variety of herbal extracts and natural ingredients. Polyherbal shampoos don't contain the scientific ingredients found in ordinary shampoos. Unlike normal shampoos which use a single synthetic component to cure our hair problems; polyherbal shampoos use several plant-based, natural components to ensure a holistic approach to hair health. Each herb offers its own unique benefits e.g. nourishment to the scalp, enhancement of shine, strengthening of hair. Polyherbal shampoo exists due to recent desire of holistic and natural hair care solutions. This shampoo is for people looking for effective hair care solutions that emphasize both hair health and a person's well-being. The variety of herbs also provides vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants while promoting faster hair growth, reducing dandruff, and preventing damage.

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Introduction, herbal shampoo, dandruff, classification of dandruff, antidandruff shampoo, ideal properties of polyherbal anti dandruff shampoo, benefits of polyherbal anti dandruff shampoo, plant profile, neem,belpatra,shikakai,reetha,aloevera, pomegranate

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Abstract: A field survey was conducted to observe the butterfly fauna of Kundapura region by random observation from December 2023 to November 2024. Butterfly diversity was studied at four different habitat types that included forest, plantation, crop lands, and wetland. A total of 123 butterfly species belonging to the families of Hesperiidae (28 species), Papilionidae (11 species), Pieridae (10 species), Nymphalidae (44 species) and Lycaenidae (30 species) were identified. Highest butterfly diversity and abundance was recorded from areas of dense forest (76.10% of individuals), while plantation (18.58% of individuals), cropland (4.05% of individuals) and wetland (1.27% of individuals) showed lower butterfly diversity and abundance. Maximum number of individuals and species of butterflies were recorded during the monsoon season (52.57% of individuals) followed by pre-monsoon (39.40% of individuals) and post-monsoon (8.03% of individuals). As the natural habitats are dwindling due to anthropogenic causes, the butterflies too are facing survival problems. We are hopeful that the present study on butterfly diversity of Kundapura Taluk may provide basic data for detailed long term study of biodiversity of this area.

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Keywords: Diversity, Forest, Crop land, Wetland, Plantation

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Hypertension, often referred to as the "silent killer," is one of the most common non-communicable diseases and a major risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, nearly one in four adults globally is living with hypertension, and its prevalence continues to rise due to rapid urbanization, lifestyle modifications, unhealthy dietary practices, and stress-related factors. In India, urban populations are particularly vulnerable owing to sedentary lifestyles, increased consumption of processed foods, tobacco and alcohol use, and limited awareness regarding preventive health practices. Despite being preventable and manageable through lifestyle modification, early detection, and adherence to treatment, hypertension often remains undiagnosed or poorly controlled. Lack of awareness, misconceptions about the disease, irregular health check-ups, and inadequate health-seeking behaviors further compound the problem, especially in urban communities Aim and objective: The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of an Educational Intervention regarding prevention and management of Hypertension among adults residing in a selected urban community of Mysuru Methods: Research design adopted for the study was pre-experimental, one group pre-test, post-test design .Non probability purposive sampling was used to select 100 adults residing in the selected urban community for the study. Knowledge of adults regarding prevention and management of hypertension was assessed using Structured Knowledge Questionnaire. Educational Intervention on prevention and management of hypertension was conducted for all subjects. Results: The results of the study revealed that Educational Intervention was effective in increasing the knowledge of adults regarding prevention and management of Hypertension as evidenced by computed paired 't' test which was significant at 0.05 level of significance ('t' 99 = 16.88; p<0.05) Conclusion: Educational Intervention was effective in enhancing the knowledge of adults regarding the prevention and management of Hypertension. The study findings stress the increasing responsibility of health professionals in planning and implementing various educational strategies to improve the knowledge of the public regarding prevention and management of Hypertension which in turn help to reduce their risk for Hypertension in their later life.

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Knowledge. Effectiveness, Educational Intervention, Hypertension, Urban adults

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Post-operative pain is a predictable consequence of oral surgery, resulting from tissue trauma and the ensuing inflammatory response. Despite advances in surgical protocols and analgesia, managing this pain effectively remains a clinical hurdle. Factors such as the variability in patient pain perception and the multifactorial origins of pain complicate outcomes. This review provides a synthesized overview of current pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic strategies for post-surgical pain control in oral surgery, highlights persistent challenges, and identifies areas for future clinical and research focus. This paper also delves into the mechanisms of pain at the molecular level, evaluates the comparative efficacy of various drug classes, and underscores the importance of tailoring treatment plans to individual patient profiles. Emphasis is placed on the integration of recent clinical findings and guidelines to optimize post-operative outcomes in oral surgery.

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Oral surgery, Pain management, NSAIDs, Paracetamol, Opioids, Multimodal analgesia, Adjuvants, Patient-centered care.

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This article is about how Karl Marx's Marxist theory ideas can be connected to the effect of AI on work, class and society. Marx argued that capitalization leads to the exploitation of workers and they feel disconnected from their work.AI especially though automation, can make this worse by taking away jobs increasing inequality and making the gap between the rich and poor Nowadays AI reduces human labour in many fields by performing tasks that were done by the people. Here is where Karl Marx, Marxist theory became relevant, he explained how capitalism exploits the workers and how it creates inequality between classes. AI is gradually taking away the existing job opportunities and at the same time it also brings new job opportunities to the world. The new job opportunities introduced by the AI includes machine learning, robotics maintenance etc. All of these jobs require advanced learning and training .Lower class people can't afford it and this will intensify class struggle and create economic disparity. By these concepts, we can better address the challenges and opportunities presented by the AI era.

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Economic disparity, Exploitation, Automation, Inequality ,Class struggle

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This study develops a hybrid machine learning framework to analyze and forecast surface ocean dynamics in the Arabian Sea. The pipeline integrates preprocessing, anomaly detection, and forecasting within a cycle-wise modular design that separates carbon, nutrient, phytoplankton, oxygen, and physical drivers into independent modeling workflows. Classical ensemble methods such as support vector machines and clustering were employed for anomaly detection, while hybrid CNN-LSTM architectures were trained for temporal forecasting, supported by additional ensemble models (ARIMA, Prophet). Evaluation demonstrated that the modular design is computationally feasible and ecologically interpretable, successfully reproducing key surface-layer dynamics including carbonate variability and nutrient-chlorophyll coupling. Carbon cycle forecasts achieved the strongest performance, while oxygen predictions were more uncertain due to gradient complexity and data sparsity. Although constrained by reduced training and absence of in-situ validation, the framework establishes a baseline methodology for hybrid ML-DL applications in marine forecasting, offering a scalable approach for future integration with physical ocean models.

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Hybrid machine learning; Deep learning; CNN-LSTM; Ensemble models; Anomaly detection; Surface ocean forecasting; Arabian Sea; Biogeochemical cycles; Carbon system; Time-series prediction

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It is a comparative study conducted among adolescent girls of age 18-23yrs. A sample size of 100 was selected to analyze their dietary habits and corresponding hemoglobin levels. The objective is to evaluate the intake of whole foods versus processed foods in relation to individual hemoglobin levels. Additionally, the study aims to examine the correlation between the consumption of whole foods and processed foods and their impact on hemoglobin levels.

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Whole Foods, Processed Foods, Hemoglobin

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Lifestyle disorders, including obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease, are major global health concerns closely linked to diet. Modern biomedical science attributes these conditions to chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and hormonal dysregulation, whereas Unani medicine explains them through disturbances in Miz?j (temperament) and the production of abnormal Akhl?? (humours). This paper undertakes a comparative analysis of diet in the causation and management of lifestyle disorders from both perspectives. Classical Unani texts such as Al-Q?n?n f? al-?ibb (Ibn S?n?) and Kit?b al-??w? (al-R?z?) were examined alongside contemporary biomedical literature. Despite theoretical differences, both systems converge on the principles of moderation, balanced nutrition, proper meal timing, and personalization of diet. Unani concepts like Il?j bi'l-Ghidh? (dietotherapy), temperament-based food selection, and avoidance of harmful combinations resonate with modern preventive nutrition and chrono-nutrition. The integration of these approaches offers a holistic, sustainable model for preventing and managing lifestyle disorders, reaffirming the timeless view of diet as both a cause of disease and a cornerstone of therapy.

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Lifestyle disorders; Unani medicine; Diet (Ghidh?'); Miz?j; Integrative nutrition

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The Eastern Ghats of India, a biodiversity hotspot, are increasingly threatened by forest fires, which significantly impact vegetation and ecosystem stability. This study conducts a statistical analysis of forest fire occurrences and their effects on vegetation in the Eastern Ghats. The present study has focused on the techniques on the remote sensing, GIS, and statistical models to understand the fire frequency, intensity, and their correlation with vegetation degradation. The review has demonstrated a rising trend in fire frequency, with notable impacts on tropical dry deciduous forests, leading to reduced species diversity and soil degradation. The Forest Survey of India states that nearly 36 per cent of India's forests are prone to frequent fires. The forest fire season in India lasts from November to June. Development of statistical models, including principal component analysis (PCA) and regression, reveal strong relationships between fire events, climatic factors, and vegetation loss are essential to continuous monitoring and locating the fire prone areas. We also explore the causes of forest fires, their broader ecological impacts, and prevention strategies, emphasizing the need for integrated fire management to conserve the Eastern Ghats' ecosystems.

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Forest fires, Eastern-Ghats, impact on vegetation and biodiversity, mitigation measures

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Abstract :- Time series analysis has emerged as a critical tool for understanding dynamic patterns in financial and environmental systems. Both domains exhibit complex behaviours, such as non-stationarity, seasonality, volatility, and long-term trends, making advanced statistical and machine learning methods indispensable. This paper explores the methodologies, applications, and comparative analysis of time series models in finance, (stock prices, exchange rates, volatility) and environment (climate change indicators, air quality, temperature forecasting). The integration of computational methods, particularly machine learning and deep learning, is discussed as a way to enhance predictive performance and policy implications.

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KEYWORDS: Time Series Analysis, Financial Forecasting, Environmental Data, ARIMA, GARCH, Machine Learning, Deep Learning

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Wound management is an integral part of healthcare and holds significant importance in Ayurvedic practice. This case study highlights the role of Jalaukavacharan (leech therapy) in managing a chronic wound. A 24-year-old female presented with wounds over the ankle region, associated with pain, itching, and inflammation for two months. Conventional symptomatic care provided little relief. Ayurvedic management was initiated with leech therapy, accompanied by internal medicines such as Gandhak Rasayan, Triphala Guggul, Punarnava Guggul, and Sariva-Manjishta-Nimsaal Kadha. The therapy demonstrated marked improvement within five days--complete relief in pain, reduction in erythema, absence of discharge, and signs of progressive wound healing (Ruhyamanavastha). This study concludes that Ayurvedic leech therapy, along with internal medicines, is highly effective in wound healing, providing rapid relief without adverse effects.

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Ayurvedic wound management Jalaukavacharan Leech therapy Chronic wound Case report Tridoshaja wound Rakta dushti Shalyatantra Pain and inflammation relief Ayurvedic parasurgical procedure Ruhyamanavastha (healing stage) Natural wound healing

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The soil of the Nashik District offers remarkable opportunities for studying the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. A survey was conducted on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil of garlic (Allium sativum) across four different locations in the Niphad and Chandwad talukas of the Nasik district in Maharashtra. The highest number of AM propagules, totaling 446 per 100 grams of soil, along with the greatest root infection rate of 82%, was observed in the Panchakeshwar locality. In contrast, the Rahud locality recorded the lowest number of AM propagules at 174 per 100 grams of soil and a root infection rate of just 50%. The other two localities, Palkhed and Dighwad, exhibited intermediate results. From both the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil of garlic, three genera comprising seventeen species were isolated. The genus Glomus was the most prevalent, featuring ten species. The other genera identified included Acaulospora, which had three to four species, and Scutellospora, which had five species. Notably, the number of AM propagules was higher in the rhizosphere soil compared to the non-rhizosphere soil. Soil analysis was performed to assess various parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic carbon (OC %), phosphorus (P2O5 in Kg/ac), potassium (K2O in Kg/ac), and trace elements including zinc (Zn in ppm), copper (Cu in ppm), iron (Fe in ppm), and manganese (Mn in ppm) from both rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil of garlic.

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Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi, Diversity, Garlic (Allium sativum L.)

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Due to excessive loading, construction errors and improper maintenance strengthening of concrete structures becomes critical. Fibre reinforced polymer brings improvement in load bearing capacity, improved ductility and reduces damages due to deterioration. The researchers are seeking new and innovative ways of strengthening of beams as conventional methods of reinforcement encountered certain limitations which are required to overcome. The technique of wrapping a Reinforced Concrete (RC) beam with composite material becomes popular and has been widely adopted in the structural applications due to their superior properties. FRP consumes relatively a less labour cost and also easy way to strengthen the structures to give effective solution. The experimental work has been done for both conventional and CFRP strengthening sheets and calculated compressive, Split-tensile strength & flexural strength sheets with various intervals such as CFRP wrapped with 50mm interval, CFRP wrapped without interval

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Reinforced Concrete (RC) Beams, Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) ,Structural Strengthening, Compressive Strength, Split-Tensile Strength, Flexural Strength , FRP Wrapping Technique , Load Bearing Capacity, Ductility Improvement, Interval Wrapping (50mm / Continuous Wrapping)

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Cloud computing combined with big data analytics offers transformative opportunities for healthcare--enabling scalable storage, multimodal data fusion, and advanced machine learning for clinical and operational decision support. This paper presents a comprehensive framework and experimental plan for deploying cloud-based analytics to improve patient care. We describe architectures (centralized Lakehouse, hybrid edge-cloud, and federated setups), data engineering pipelines for electronic health records (EHR), imaging, and device telemetry, and privacy-preserving machine learning strategies (federated learning, differential privacy). We propose a set of experiments using public and partner datasets to evaluate predictive performance, latency, cost, and privacy-utility tradeoffs. We also outline deployment considerations, regulatory compliance, and ethical safeguards for real-world adoption. Our work aims to provide a reproducible blueprint for researchers and healthcare IT teams to build cloud-centered analytics that improve clinical outcomes while minimizing privacy risks.

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Cloud Computing, Big Data Analytics, Healthcare, Patient Care, Electronic Health Records, Privacy-Preserving Machine Learning, Telemedicine

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This paper explores the intersection of Thaang-Taa, the martial tradition of the Meiteis, and Lai Haraoba, the ritual festival that enacts cosmological creation, cultural memory, and social practices of the community. While Thaang-Taa is often studied in terms of its martial discipline, this article highlights its ritual embodiment within Lai Haraoba, where tools and weapons such as swords, knives, spears, scissors, and agricultural implements appear not materially but symbolically through codified gestures and movements. Episodes like Nungnao Jagoi, Phisarol, Yumsharol, and Uyanlon reveal how martial and agricultural traditions are preserved in ritual performance. The study argues that the human body serves as the primary site where the spiritual, martial, and cultural converge, transforming material absence into symbolic presence. Drawing on performance studies and cultural analysis, this article demonstrates how Lai Haraoba sustains intangible heritage and positions Thaang-Ta as a living archive of Meitei identity, aesthetics, and philosophy.

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Lai Haraoba, Thaang-Ta, Ritual Performance, Cultural Memory, Intangible Heritage

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