Volume 12 | Issue 8

 Abstract

Researching the utilization of traditional medicines can aid in the discovery of new drugs in the future. According to the conventional system, Labialis is one of the more potent phytochemically and pharmacologically of the large genus Teramnus, which is a member of the Fabaceae family. According to this study, Teramnus plants are a rich source of chemicals that have the potential to both prevent and treat a wide range of illnesses. These molecules have various qualities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial, and they include things like diterpenoids, flavonoids, and iridoids. They may thus be able to assist with anything from liver protection to infection prevention to cancer treatment. It is obvious that Teramnus plants have the potential to be extremely significant in medicine, even though further research is required.

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Teramnus Labialis, Flavonoids, Traditional Medicine, Anti-inflammatory.

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Abstract: The purpose of the study was to Study the difference between Attacker, Setters and Libero Inter Collegiate Level Volleyball Players with respect to Self-Concept. In order to achieve the purpose of the study 30 men attacker, 30 men setter and 30 libero players of inter collegiate level Volleyball players were randomly selected. Descriptive statistics and differential analysis including independent t-test by using SPSS statistical software and the results obtained thereby have been interpreted. The findings concluded that; i) The Attacker and Libero inter collegiate level volleyball players have similar self concept scores; ii) The Attacker and Setter inter collegiate level volleyball players have similar self concept scores iii) The Libero and Setter inter collegiate level volleyball players have similar self concept scores.

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Volleyball, Attackers, Setters and Libero

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Microfinance is a strategy that has shown to be beneficial in alleviating poverty and providing marginalized people with the opportunity to participate in the social and economic life of their nation. A number of groups, according to previous research, provide assistance to those who are living below the poverty line in order to enable them receive modest loans that would aid them in accomplishing their objectives. Self-help groups, also known as SHGs, and bank linkage programmes, also known as SBLPs, are organisations that are founded on a voluntary basis and are self-governing in order to meet the requirements of the general population. The objective of microfinance in rural areas is one that the Micro Finance Institutions also work towards accomplishing. It has been proved that microfinance is an excellent instrument for supporting low-income families in escaping poverty and boosting their ability to create cash, which therefore enhances the economy of the nation as a whole. The creation of jobs, the reduction of the unemployment rate, and the provision of products and services to the economy of the country in order to bridge the gap between supply and demand are all goals that small and medium-sized enterprises attempt to achieve in order to achieve economic development. In addition, they intend to improve people's standard of living by doing so by increasing salaries. The creation of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and the performance of these businesses, which in turn has an effect on the economic development of nations, are both significantly influenced by microfinance.

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Microfinance , Institution , Socio , Economic , Development

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ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Stroke was defined as rapid onset of a new neurological deficit attributed to obstruction or rupture in the cerebral arterial system. The defined deficit had to persist for at least 24 hours unless death supervened and had to include specific localizing findings confirmed by neurological exam and by CT scan brain, with lack of evidence of an underlying non-vascular cause. TIA (transient ischemic attack) was defined as rapid onset of focal neurological deficit lasting more than 30 seconds and less than 24 hours presumed to be due to cerebral ischemia and without evidence of underlying non- vascular cause. Tele-rehabilitation is the delivery of rehabilitation services over telecommunication network and the internet .Tele-rehabilitation allows patient to interact with providers remotely and can be used both to assess patient and to deliver therapy .Field of medicine that utilize tele-rehabilitation include: physical therapy, occupational therapy speech-language pathology, audiology and psychology. Therapy session can be individual or community based. Rehabilitation after stroke requires the inputs of several skilled health personnel including physiatrists, physiotherapists, speech therapists and occupational therapists. AIM - To determine the outcome measures of Tele-rehabilitation in post stroke patient Objective- To investigate the effectiveness of Tele-rehabilitation in which is used for post stroke patient. Methodology:- Design- The design of this study is a scoping review. Scoping review have been described as a process of mapping the existing literature or evidence base. DATABASE AND SEARCH STRATEGY- The study includes Pubmed ,Embrase, ,Cochrane, CINHAL, PEDRO according to PRISMA guideline the search keywords used were "TR,VR and Stroke which is written in English and published between December 2015 to April 2024 non interventional studies such as cross sectional studies or duplicate studies, literature reviews and meta analysis were also excluded the study which is made for inclusion and were reviewed for outcome measures and selection which can be summarized according to flowchart. Conclusion- In conclusion our study results demonstrate that tele-rehabilitation is more effective in post stroke patient .

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Tele-rehabilitation; post-stroke recovery; motor function; higher cortical Dysfunction.

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Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a prevalent endocrine disorder, affecting 6% of the global population. It is characterized by insufficient insulin production or resistance, leading to elevated blood glucose levels, with serious complications affecting the eyes, kidneys, heart, and nerves. The condition, which dates back to ancient Egypt, is primarily classified into Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. Type 1 involves the immune system attacking insulin-producing cells, while Type 2 is marked by insulin resistance. Current statistics indicate a rapid increase in Type 2 DM, particularly in developing countries, with projections of 552 million cases by 2030. The development of Floating Drug Delivery Systems (FDDS) represents a significant advancement in oral controlled-release pharmaceuticals, particularly for drugs like Vildagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor used to manage Type 2 diabetes. FDDS offers enhanced therapeutic efficacy by ensuring prolonged gastric retention and targeted release in the upper gastrointestinal tract. This system mitigates the fluctuations in drug concentration and improves bioavailability, patient compliance, and clinical outcomes. Vildagliptin, through FDDS, demonstrates improved control over glycemic levels by enhancing insulin secretion and suppressing glucagon release. Floating beads containing Vildagliptin not only maintain stable plasma concentrations but also reduce dosing frequency, leading to better management of diabetes with minimal side effects. The research aims to optimize the formulation of Vildagliptin floating beads to ensure safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness in treating Type 2 diabetes

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Diabetes Mellitus, Floating drug delivery system, Control released system, Vildagliptin, floating beads.

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Electronic Payments System is the platform of making transaction or paying for goods & services through an electronic medium, without use of cash. Satisfaction level of consumers increasing day by day by adopting, Electronic Payments System. This paper mainly deals with people satisfaction about Electronic Payment System and security measures used in Electronic Payments

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Electronic Payment Digital Payment

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The socio-economic status of women plays a significant role in the development of a region. Understanding the various socio-economic forms and conditions of women can help policymakers and stakeholders address issues of inequality and empower women to contribute more effectively to society. This study focuses on the Palamaner Revenue Division of Chittoor District in Andhra Pradesh, India, to explore the socio-economic forms of women in this specific region. This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the socio-economic conditions of women in the Palamaner Revenue Division. By identifying the challenges and opportunities, it seeks to inform policies and programs that can empower women and contribute to the overall development of the region. Enhanced socio-economic conditions for women will not only improve their quality of life but also positively impact the community and society at large. The percentage of women who are literate in society is inadequate. The development of the female literacy rate is a responsibility of the government. The government ought to take the lead in fostering the growth of female entrepreneurs by offering improved initiatives and assistance.

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Socio Economic, Women Entrepreneurs, Economic conditions

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A holistic approach to living well is the fundamental approach of the Siddha medical system. The disturbed three dhodam led to the development sanni , in paediatrics sanni is accompanying with Maanthan is refers as Maantha sanni occurs. Maanthasanni is the Siddha term for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Autism has to be treated as a top priority in the worldwide mental health community. The prevalence of autism has increased over time in India, much like it did in the west. According to multiple research, the estimated prevalence of ASD in India is between 0.11 %. Children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) exhibit varying degrees of difficulties in social engagement and communication, regardless of whether they have language problems. Maanthasanni in the Siddha system, Maantha mathirai is an effective management tool for it.The majority of Maantha mathirai 's components are potent anti-oxidants, antioxidant,antidrepressant,antistress,hepatoprotectors, and anti-convulsants. As a result, this article provides information on the medication's effectiveness for Maanthasanni (ASD) based on a survey of numerous academic publications and scientific investigations.

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Maantha sannai, Autism, Siddha medicine.

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Gender dynamics, patriarchy and woman's space at home have been fertile topics of discussion in literary studies. This research article observes the kitchen space which is frequently regarded as an archetypal domestic realm, portrayed as a complicated setting where deeply embedded gender norms and societal expectations collide. Through an in-depth analysis of the Malayalam film The Great Indian Kitchen, this study endeavors to explore the social and cultural norms that have established the view of the kitchen as a largely feminine domain in which women are sidelined and expected to handle household responsibilities, particularly cooking. The plot and characters of the film are analyzed to show how they both reinforce and shatter these age-old preconceptions. The kitchen is both a metaphor for the chief woman character's entrapment and a vital setting for her experiences of oppression, isolation, entrapment, and, eventually, empowerment. Through the analysis of the female protagonist's hardships as she navigates through repressive limits, this study aims to widen the horizon of gendered space and thinking. The study also explores the kitchen's capability for resistance and rebellion through an in-depth investigation of the protagonist's quiet disobedience within the kitchen, demonstrating how this normally private space can be a location of protest against the engrained gender norms. The study also sheds light on the film's bigger social themes such as marital oppression, marital rape, and Indian society's conventional expectations of female subordination.

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Keywords: kitchen, gender norms, marital oppression, entrapment, subordination, resistance, liberation

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Spirulina, a jewel of the freshwater realm, embodies nature's profound artistry and health-giving potential. Its vibrant hues of emerald and azure ripple through quiet waters, a testament to its microscopic elegance. Within its spiraling coils lies a treasure trove of chlorophyll, weaving life's intricate tapestry with every gentle sway. Spirulina whispers ancient wisdom, a primordial secret to vitality, as it dances in harmony with the sunlit currents. A guardian of wellness, it paints the depths with hues of rejuvenation, offering cells the essence of longevity. From its microscopic embrace emerges a symphony of health, where each strand of spirulina threads into the fabric of existence, sustaining life with its celestial touch.

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Spirulina blue green algae; Biochemical marvels; healthy enhancement; compositions; Immune response.

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The period from birth to eight years of age is defined as Early childhood. Early child development encompasses physical, socio-emotional, cognitive and motor development between 0-8 years of age. The early years are critical, because this is the period in life when the brain develops most rapidly and has a high capacity for change, and the foundation is laid for health and wellbeing throughout life. Nurturing care is provided in a stable environment, that is sensitive to children's health and nutritional needs, with protection from threats, opportunities for early learning, and interactions that are responsive, emotionally supportive and developmentally stimulating is at the heart of children's potential to develop. Children who get early childhood education (ECE) have a strong foundation, which increases the effectiveness and productivity of every subsequent educational stage. The goal of the current study was to determine the pre-primary teachers' level of awareness regarding early childhood education. To determine the level of knowledge of early childhood education (ECE) among educators in preschools in Shivamogga city, the study used a survey approach and a custom application. A sample of 110 teachers were drawn through cluster sampling. The study found out that the demographic variables like locality, marital status and teaching experience have no influence on the awareness of ECE among pre-primary teachers. The study found that 11% of teachers have average awareness, 32% have good awareness, 38% have very good awareness and 23% have excellent awareness of ECE. Thus, close to 90% of them are found to have better awareness of ECE. This implies that pre primary teachers are well aware of the nature, learning needs etc. of children and also methodology of teaching and evaluation. In spite of better awareness of ECE found in teachers, the study comes out with few of educational implications in order to regulate and sustain the awareness of ECE among the educators few educational implications inculcated in proper handling of children.

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Early Childhood Education (ECE), Pre-Primary School Children, Cognizance of ECE, Preschool Teachers

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premature, ultrasonography, transient tachypnoea of the newborn, respiratory distress.

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Sahitya Aur Cinema Mein Ram: Ek Adhyayan

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Sahitya Aur Cinema Mein Ram: Ek Adhyayan

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Abstract: This comprehensive study delves into the intricate interplay between law, macroeconomics, and economic reforms in the context of India, shedding light on a complex landscape of challenges and opportunities. Findings reveal that while India's legal framework often proves cumbersome and bureaucratic, it has the potential to either facilitate or hinder the implementation of crucial economic reforms. Inefficient enforcement, political consensus-building, social equity, and regional disparities are among the challenges observed. However, proactive dialogue with political stakeholders, streamlined legal processes, and investments in infrastructure and social safety nets can pave the way for sustainable growth and enhanced economic efficiency. Integrating sustainability goals, improving data collection and research, and actively engaging in global trade dynamics are also recommended strategies. As India continues its path to economic development, addressing these challenges while capitalizing on its strengths will be pivotal for fostering a prosperous and equitable future.

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Economic Reforms, Challenges, Efficiency, Sustainability, Governance

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Technological advancements have brought new tactics and capabilities that violate established international humanitarian law (IHL) norms, resulting in a dramatic shift of modern conflict. This article explores the impact of technology on humanitarian law in contemporary combat, focusing on autonomous weapons systems, drones, cyberwarfare, artificial intelligence, robotics, nanotechnology, etc. These technological advancements raise grave concerns about public safety, legal compliance, and ethical issues. Through an analysis of current problems and the recommendation of practical solutions, this study seeks to improve understanding of how humanitarian law might be modified to regulate and mitigate the risks connected with technology warfare. Modern technological warfare presents new challenges for international humanitarian law (IHL), which has its historical roots in the ideas of proportionality in the use of force, the separation of combatants and non-combatants, and the humane treatment of captives and civilians. The technology that has quickly advanced and gained widespread use such as drones, cyberwarfare instruments, and autonomous weaponry systems has altered the character of armed conflict and raised significant ethical, legal, and practical issues. Drones, for instance, have revolutionized military operations by enabling pinpoint strikes and lowering the hazards to military people. On the other hand, there are concerns over unlawful monitoring, specific killings, and harm to civilians due to mistargeting or misuse. Similarly, conventional notions of what defines warfare and who is accountable under existing legal systems are called into question by the capacity to launch cyberattacks on essential infrastructure and civilian services. This paper examines these concerns critically in order to address the humanitarian implications of technological warfare. It offers remedies like as increased regulatory oversight, moral guidelines for the creation and application of technology, and international collaboration. By encouraging discussion and raising awareness of these challenges, this study hopes to promote advocacy and policy development campaigns that defend humanitarian principles against the realities of contemporary conflict.

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Technological warfare, humanitarian law, drones, Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, Nanotechnology, cyber warfare, autonomous weapons etc.

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Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a disruptive force in the global corporate landscape, affecting strategy, operations, and competitive dynamics. This paper investigates the multifaceted impacts of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies on general corporate strategies, day-to-day business operations, and the overall state of the economy. These technologies include machine learning, computer vision, and natural language processing. As organizations use AI more and more, a new era of data-driven decision-making is emerging; this time, data is positioned as a strategic asset rather than as a byproduct of business operations. This paper examines how AI can transform organizations through real-world case studies, industry trends, and best practices. It also offers suggestions for navigating the complex digital landscape. Positive outcomes include increased productivity, better decision-making, and tailored consumer experiences; however, the report also highlights drawbacks such as job displacement, moral quandaries, and security risks. The synthesis of fifteen carefully selected articles from the literature review provides a thorough understanding of the evolving nature of work, emphasizing the significance of dynamic skills, ethical considerations, and societal implications. The application of theoretical frameworks and methodologies contributes to a comprehensive discussion by highlighting the revolutionary potential and limitations of artificial intelligence (AI) in the business domain. This paper aims to help organizations understand AI's continuous evolution and strategically adapt to it in order to ensure continued innovation and competitiveness.

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Artificial Intelligence, Business Strategy, Business Operations, Economy, Automation, Workforce Dynamics, Ethical Considerations, Security Risks.

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This research paper explores the use of Gothic elements in 19th-century literature, focusing on the seminal works of Mary Shelley, Bram Stoker, and Edgar Allan Poe. Gothic literature, characterized by its use of the supernatural, the uncanny, and the exploration of human psychology's darker aspects, played a crucial role in the literary landscape of the 19th century. This paper aims to delve into how Shelley's "Frankenstein," Stoker's "Dracula," and Poe's selected works such as "The Fall of the House of Usher" and "The Tell-Tale Heart" incorporate and enhance Gothic themes. The analysis begins with Mary Shelley's "Frankenstein," examining themes of isolation, ambition, and the grotesque, highlighting how Shelley uses the supernatural and scientific experimentation to evoke terror and moral contemplation. Next, the paper analyzes Bram Stoker's "Dracula," focusing on themes of fear of the unknown, the supernatural, and the battle between modernity and ancient evil. Stoker's portrayal of Dracula as the quintessential Gothic villain is explored, alongside the novel's setting and symbolic use of Gothic motifs. Edgar Allan Poe's works are then scrutinized for their portrayal of madness, death, and decay, with a particular focus on his unique narrative style and psychological depth. The paper concludes by comparing the Gothic elements across these authors, identifying common themes and stylistic approaches while also noting their individual contributions to the genre. The study demonstrates that Shelley, Stoker, and Poe not only defined the Gothic tradition but also expanded its boundaries, leaving a lasting impact on literature. Their works continue to resonate with readers and influence contemporary Gothic literature, underscoring the timeless nature of Gothic themes in exploring human fears and societal anxieties.

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Exploration of Gothic Elements in 19th Century Literature

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This case study used numerical modeling with the finite element method to analyze the slope stability of a 28-meter-high railway embankment. With a 25-ton axle loading, PLAXIS 2D CE V21 was used to calculate the factor of safety. SQ2 type soil, which has fines ranging from 12% to 50%, was used for the embankment and is abundant at the project site. Railway embankment modelling is done using field test data. rigidity The parameters of the various rail way track components were thoroughly examined. Put in place After the embankment was constructed, the results of the deformation and factor of safety were given. In the analysis, soil models for the various embankment sections were incorporated. The Mohr-Coulomb soil model was used to model the subgrade, whereas the rail and sleeper were made of linear elastic. The element of safety was significantly impacted by the SQ2 type soil's effective cohesiveness. On failure, nonetheless, it exhibits significant deformation, for which blanket material was placed beneath ballasts. Adding turf on the side slopes improved stability even more. This study involved step-by-step modeling on PLAXIS 2D CE V21.

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RVNL: Rail Vikash Nigam Limited UTS: Ultimate Tensile Strength PSC: Pre-Stress Concrete FEM: Finite Element Method RDSO: Research Designs and Standards Organization LEM: Limit Equilibrium Method CBR: California bearing ratio MDD: Maximum dry density OMC: Optimum Moisture Content FOS: Factor of Safety BC SOIL: Black Cotton Soil SPT: Standard Penetration Test Es : Young's modulus ? : Poisson's ratio, c' : Effective cohesion, ?' : effective friction angle, and ? : Dilatancy a

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The proliferation of social media platforms has transformed global communication, enabling real-time sharing of information and connecting individuals across diverse geographies. However, this digital revolution has also facilitated the rise of cyberbullying, a pervasive issue that significantly impacts individuals' mental health and well-being. In the big data era, the sheer volume and velocity of data generated on social media present both challenges and opportunities for cyberbullying detection and prevention. This study explores the application of machine learning algorithms to predict and detect cyberbullying on social media platforms. Leveraging vast datasets from various social media sources, we employ advanced data preprocessing techniques, including natural language processing (NLP) for text normalization, sentiment analysis, and feature extraction. To address the challenge of imbalanced data, we utilize oversampling, undersampling, and synthetic data generation methods. We develop and compare multiple machine learning models, including supervised learning algorithms (Support Vector Machines, Logistic Regression, Random Forests) and deep learning architectures (Recurrent Neural Networks, Long Short-Term Memory networks, Convolutional Neural Networks, and Transformers). These models are evaluated using metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and ROC-AUC to determine their effectiveness in detecting cyberbullying. Our findings demonstrate that machine learning algorithms, particularly deep learning models, exhibit high accuracy and precision in identifying cyberbullying patterns in text and multimedia content. We highlight the importance of continuous learning and model updating to adapt to evolving language and behavior on social media. This research underscores the potential of machine learning in enhancing the safety and security of online environments. By providing real-time monitoring and automated detection capabilities, these systems enable timely intervention and support for victims of cyberbullying. Additionally, the insights gained from analyzing social media interactions can inform the development of robust policies and educational programs aimed at preventing cyberbullying. The study also addresses ethical considerations, emphasizing the need for privacy-preserving techniques, bias mitigation, and compliance with legal standards. By advancing the field of cyberbullying detection through machine learning, we contribute to creating safer, more inclusive digital communities and promoting positive online interactions.

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Cyberbullying Prediction, Social Media Analytics, Big Data, Machine Learning Algorithms, Natural Language Processing (NLP), Sentiment Analysis, Text Classification, Online Harassment Detection, Data Mining, Supervised Learning, Feature Engineering, Support Vector Machines (SVM), Random Forest, Neural Networks, Deep Learning, Social Network Analysis, Data Pre-processing, Model Evaluation, Real-time Monitoring, Behaviour Analysis.

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One of the main concerns for structures built on sandy soils is soil liquefaction. Liquification is the process by which tightly packed, damp granular soil near the ground's surface loses strength from severe ground trembling. Existing structures fall as a result of this phenomenon, taking lives and property with them. Thus, while constructing a foundation, it is essential to comprehend the zone of liquefaction at a particular area. In light of this, a sand-rich location in Kolkata's Sonarpur neighborhood has been chosen for the current study. The goal of the current study is to assess the soil's liquefaction potential using the SPT and CPT methods in Sonarpur, which is close to Kolkata. It has been determined how resistant soils are to liquefaction, measured in terms of the cyclic resistance ratio (CRR). The article highlights the site's distinctive liquefaction zone, which may be taken into consideration when constructing the geotechnical foundation there.

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Liquefaction Potential , SPT,CPT

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