IJCRT Peer-Reviewed (Refereed) Journal as Per New UGC Rules.
ISSN Approved Journal No: 2320-2882 | Impact factor: 7.97 | ESTD Year: 2013
Scholarly open access journals, Peer-reviewed, and Refereed Journals, Impact factor 7.97 (Calculate by google scholar and Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool) , Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Indexing in all major database & Metadata, Citation Generator, Digital Object Identifier(CrossRef DOI)
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Paper Title: The Emotional Isolation of Motherhood: Why Many Mother's Feel Unheard
Publisher Journal Name: IJCRT
Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2508031
Register Paper ID - 292013
Title: THE EMOTIONAL ISOLATION OF MOTHERHOOD: WHY MANY MOTHER'S FEEL UNHEARD
Author Name(s): Ankita Kohli
Publisher Journal name: IJCRT
Volume: 13
Issue: 8
Pages: a246-a248
Year: August 2025
Downloads: 130
Motherhood is often romanticized as a fulfilling and joyous experience, yet many mothers face profound emotional isolation and loneliness. This paper explores the emotional challenges mothers encounter, the societal and structural factors contributing to their feelings of being unheard, and the impact of this isolation on their mental health and well-being. Through a review of literature, qualitative interviews, and case studies, this research highlights the need for greater societal support and systemic changes to address the emotional isolation of motherhood.
Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0
Feeling Isolated, Unsupported, Unheard & Societal Expectations
Paper Title: Surrogacy And The Child's Right To Truth: A Legal Enquiry
Publisher Journal Name: IJCRT
Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2508030
Register Paper ID - 292007
Title: SURROGACY AND THE CHILD'S RIGHT TO TRUTH: A LEGAL ENQUIRY
Author Name(s): Annesha Nag
Publisher Journal name: IJCRT
Volume: 13
Issue: 8
Pages: a234-a245
Year: August 2025
Downloads: 130
A major issue which is nowadays affecting married couples is infertility. These couples have started to choose assisted reproductive technology which is "surrogacy". This method of surrogacy has made it possible for the couples to procreate babies without sexual copulation. Surrogacy entails the procedure where a woman carries the kid of an infertile couple to term and handing over the baby once born. This method incorporates amalgamation of the sperm and egg in a culture dish, fertilizing the egg, and then implanting the resulting embryo into the woman's uterus. Since children represent a nation's future, they must be well-cared for and safeguarded. In order for children to grow up to be responsible citizens, they need to be raised in an atmosphere that supports their healthy growth. The nation must make every effort to safeguard their rights and guarantee that they are not infringed. They are entitled to a wholesome upbringing. This paper analyzes the child's right to know the truth in surrogacy, evaluating existing legal systems, pointing out deficiencies, and suggesting reforms to guarantee access to information about genetic background and identity.
Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0
Surrogacy, infertility, motherhood, children's rights, assisted reproductive technologies, artificial insemination.
Paper Title: The illusion of sameness- concept of equality
Publisher Journal Name: IJCRT
Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2508029
Register Paper ID - 291707
Title: THE ILLUSION OF SAMENESS- CONCEPT OF EQUALITY
Author Name(s): Sukhmanpreet kaur, Ravnoor Kaur
Publisher Journal name: IJCRT
Volume: 13
Issue: 8
Pages: a227-a233
Year: August 2025
Downloads: 150
The concept of "Equality", has always been a topic of greater discussion and argument. Almost all the countries in the world have had a group of people or community that has faced unequal treatment or discrimination, so this concept is related worldwide. In Western society, unequal treatment was usually based on class, and here, in Indian society, it was based on caste almost every country whether Western, European, Asian, etc, has seen inequality based on gender. To understand the term "Equality", one needs to understand its meaning, Equality is the fairness, sameness, identity, and uniformity in the treatment provided to people. Equality, as Laski says is "coherence of ideas". Equality doesn't mean that there must be economic equality, it means that even though one is poor and the other one is rich justice must be served equally not based on the status or how strong the person financially is. In India Equality is a very important and crucial concept, as after centuries of unequal treatment based on caste, religion, gender, race, and place of birth the need for equal treatment to all after independence was felt. The makers of the constitution added the Right to Equality in Fundamental Rights, which extends from Article 14 to Article 18. Here, equality is defined in two ways, the first being equality before the law and the other one being equal protection of the law. The other concept that prevails is "Equity", it may sound similar to equality and it is somewhat the same, but there exists a very crucial difference. "Equality", basically means the same treatment for everyone, without seeing the economic status, gender, caste, or class, whereas, "Equity", is treating people somewhat differently but based on the needs or abilities to provide equal opportunity. However, none of the above concepts guarantee equality of outcomes. The principle of "Equity" is based on the thought that equality cannot be achieved if everyone is treated in the same manner, it can thus, be achieved if people are treated equitably. The concept is basically to uplift the weaker section and provide the opportunity. As said "Equals should be treated equally, one cannot treat unequal like equals". It is a kind of positive discrimination, reasonable classification, and reasonable discrimination. The best example of equity in India is the reservation system. The Study will focus on the basic concept of equity and Equality, with special focus on reservations and gender differences. It will also highlight the key areas of differences of equity and equality.
Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0
equity, equality, reservation,gender discrimmination, women rights bill 2023
Paper Title: A Review On Advancements in Dermatological Applications of Curcumin: Clinical Efficacy and Mechanistic Insights in the Management of Skin Disorders
Publisher Journal Name: IJCRT
Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2508028
Register Paper ID - 292005
Title: A REVIEW ON ADVANCEMENTS IN DERMATOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS OF CURCUMIN: CLINICAL EFFICACY AND MECHANISTIC INSIGHTS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF SKIN DISORDERS
Author Name(s): Miss shivani shukla, Dr.manjeet singh, Dr.Disha chouhan, Bhagyashree D.meshram
Publisher Journal name: IJCRT
Volume: 13
Issue: 8
Pages: a216-a226
Year: August 2025
Downloads: 137
Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0
Keywords: curcumin, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, chronic wounds, skin cancer
Paper Title: Extending Data Analytics in Smart Manufacturing: A Data-Driven Approach to Efficiency Optimization
Publisher Journal Name: IJCRT
Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2508027
Register Paper ID - 291996
Title: EXTENDING DATA ANALYTICS IN SMART MANUFACTURING: A DATA-DRIVEN APPROACH TO EFFICIENCY OPTIMIZATION
Author Name(s): Dr Sabitha MS, R M Shrinivas
Publisher Journal name: IJCRT
Volume: 13
Issue: 8
Pages: a208-a215
Year: August 2025
Downloads: 132
The rapid adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies and the integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) in manufacturing environments have significantly enhanced operational efficiencies. Existing smart manufacturing frameworks such as Sensor-Based Efficiency Monitoring Systems (SBEMS), Theory of Constraints-Based Efficiency Monitoring Systems (TBEMS), and Optimized TOC-Based Efficiency Monitoring Systems (OTBEMS) offer robust solutions for shop floor efficiency tracking. However, the absence of advanced predictive analytics and real-time optimization mechanisms limits their full potential. We propose an enhanced data analytics system using real-time predictive modeling, machine learning-driven decision support systems, and cloud-based optimization techniques. The extended system improves efficiency monitoring, predictive maintenance, and bottleneck detection using advanced analytics techniques. The experimental evaluation shows the effectiveness of this extended model in improving manufacturing operations, reducing downtime, and allowing dynamic decision-making.
Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0
Predictive Maintenance, Smart Manufacturing, Industry 4.0, Machine Learning, Internet of Things (IoT), Data Analytics, OTBEMS,
Paper Title: Tuberculosis: Pathogenesis, Treatment, and Public Health Challenges
Publisher Journal Name: IJCRT
Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2508026
Register Paper ID - 291994
Title: TUBERCULOSIS: PATHOGENESIS, TREATMENT, AND PUBLIC HEALTH CHALLENGES
Author Name(s): MR. Harpreet Singh, Ms. Bhawna Goel, Dr. Mohit Mangla, Prasoon Gupta, Sachin Kumar
Publisher Journal name: IJCRT
Volume: 13
Issue: 8
Pages: a196-a207
Year: August 2025
Downloads: 202
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains a leading infectious disease globally, presenting significant challenges to public health systems. This review provides an exhaustive examination of the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic methodologies associated with TB. Furthermore, it evaluates contemporary treatment regimens, including first-line and second-line pharmacotherapies, and addresses the emergence of drug-resistant strains. The socio-economic impact of TB, alongside public health strategies for its control and prevention, is critically analyzed. This review aims to furnish a holistic understanding of TB, encompassing its biological, clinical, and socio-economic dimensions, and to discuss future directions in research and policy-making to combat this persistent global health threat.
Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0
Tuberculosis, Drug-resistant tuberculosis, Treatment regimens, Global Health
Paper Title: Optimizing Athletic Performance in India: A Converging Paradigm of Traditional Diets, Nutritional Status, and Applied Sports Science
Publisher Journal Name: IJCRT
Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2508025
Register Paper ID - 291993
Title: OPTIMIZING ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE IN INDIA: A CONVERGING PARADIGM OF TRADITIONAL DIETS, NUTRITIONAL STATUS, AND APPLIED SPORTS SCIENCE
Author Name(s): Aman Tiwari, Vikas Kumar Sahu
Publisher Journal name: IJCRT
Volume: 13
Issue: 8
Pages: a193-a195
Year: August 2025
Downloads: 140
Athlete nutrition is central to performance, recovery, and resilience, yet Indian athletes often face multiple nutritional challenges. This paper explores how India's traditional dietary knowledge, when synergized with modern sports science, can create a sustainable and high-performing nutritional framework for Indian athletes. The study identifies prevailing gaps in energy availability, micronutrient deficiencies, and diet awareness, while highlighting the untapped potential of indigenous foods like millets, pulses, and anti-inflammatory spices. It also contrasts vegetarian and non-vegetarian diets, emphasizing the need for scientifically guided personalization. As India's sports nutrition industry evolves, integrating AI and culturally aligned innovation could usher in a new generation of optimized athletes.
Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0
Athlete nutrition, Indian diets, micronutrient deficiency, vegetarianism, sports performance, personalized nutrition
Paper Title: Efficacy of Marma Chikitsa in the Management of Avabahuk: A Case Report
Publisher Journal Name: IJCRT
Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2508024
Register Paper ID - 291986
Title: EFFICACY OF MARMA CHIKITSA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF AVABAHUK: A CASE REPORT
Author Name(s): DR. VINOD KATARIYA, PROF. (DR.) JITENDRA KUMAR SHARMA, DR. DEEPA
Publisher Journal name: IJCRT
Volume: 13
Issue: 8
Pages: a186-a192
Year: August 2025
Downloads: 121
Avabahuk, an Ayurvedic condition classified as an Urdhwajatrugata Vyadhi (disease pertaining to the upper body/head region), is characterized by progressive stiffness and restricted mobility of the shoulder joint, accompanied by pain. Clinically, it presents a striking resemblance to Frozen Shoulder or Adhesive Capsulitis in modern medical parlance. This case report critically evaluates the effectiveness of Marma Chikitsa as the sole therapeutic intervention in a 52-year-old male patient who presented with a chronic, one-year history of right shoulder pain and significant functional limitation consistent with Avabahuk. The core of the treatment involved targeted stimulation of specific Marma points located around the shoulder complex, upper back, and arm. This approach aimed to directly counteract the vitiation of Vata and Kapha Doshas, which are implicated in the pathogenesis of joint immobility and pain in Avabahuk. Notably, within a treatment duration of one month, significant clinical improvements were observed, manifesting as a substantial increase in the shoulder's active and passive range of motion and a marked reduction in pain perception, all achieved without any reported adverse effects. The underlying therapeutic principles of Marma Chikitsa, which involve local tissue and energetic modulation, bear conceptual parallels with modern physical therapy techniques that focus on neuromodulation and fascial release. This case suggests that Marma Chikitsa offers a safe, cost-effective, and highly efficacious alternative to conventional Frozen Shoulder treatments, which often entail prolonged rehabilitation, potential side effects, and considerable expense. The strategic focus on restoring Prana flow, balancing Vata and Kapha, and improving microcirculation formed the cornerstone of this therapeutic strategy. While these findings are profoundly encouraging, they underscore the imperative for more rigorous, controlled clinical trials with larger participant cohorts to scientifically validate this protocol and to establish standardized Ayurvedic management guidelines for Avabahuk.
Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0
Avabahuk, Frozen Shoulder, Marma Chikitsa, Vata-Kapha imbalance, Shoulder stiffness
Paper Title: HEALTH ADVISORY CHATBOT USING MACHINE LEARINIG
Publisher Journal Name: IJCRT
Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2508023
Register Paper ID - 291988
Title: HEALTH ADVISORY CHATBOT USING MACHINE LEARINIG
Author Name(s): CHINNARI ASHRITA, A.GAUTAMI LATHA
Publisher Journal name: IJCRT
Volume: 13
Issue: 8
Pages: a180-a185
Year: August 2025
Downloads: 141
This paper presents the development and implementation of the Health Advisory Chartboard, an intelligent, web-based healthcare assistant designed to offer preliminary diagnostic support based on user-reported symptoms. By accepting multiple symptoms through a simple text interface, the system utilizes a Decision Tree-based machine learning model to predict potential diseases and subsequently recommends relevant medications, physical exercises, and preventive measures. The backend is implemented using Python and Flask, while the frontend is constructed using standard web technologies including HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, ensuring an intuitive and responsive user experience. This application serves as a supportive tool for early health awareness, particularly in areas with limited access to medical professionals. It bridges the gap between symptom occurrence and professional consultation, thereby promoting proactive healthcare management.
Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0
Disease Prediction, Health Advisory System, Symptom Checker, Machine Learning, Decision Tree, Flask, Preventive Healthcare.
Paper Title: Psychological Issues Related to Empty Nesting Among Parents of Migrated Children: Impact and Coping Strategies
Publisher Journal Name: IJCRT
Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2508022
Register Paper ID - 292001
Title: PSYCHOLOGICAL ISSUES RELATED TO EMPTY NESTING AMONG PARENTS OF MIGRATED CHILDREN: IMPACT AND COPING STRATEGIES
Author Name(s): Anitta Jaison, Dr Shwetha Rasquinha
Publisher Journal name: IJCRT
Volume: 13
Issue: 8
Pages: a172-a179
Year: August 2025
Downloads: 159
Empty nest syndrome among parents whose children have migrated presents a multifaceted challenge marked by feelings of loneliness, isolation, and financial strain. This quantitative and qualitative study aims to explore the psychosocial impact of children's migration on their parents, referencing issues related to the empty nest experience. Data were collected from 67 parents and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The Findings reveal a pervasive sense of isolation among respondents, compounded by the absence of familial support and the challenges of adapting to new cultural contexts. The study underscores the need for tailored interventions to address the psychological and social needs of aged parents grappling with psychological issues related to empty nesting in the context of migration. By shedding light on the intricate interplay of factors shaping this phenomenon, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of the complexities surrounding aging, migration, and familial relationships in contemporary society.
Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0
Empty Nest, Psychological and Social Needs, Isolation, Migration, Aging
Paper Title: Empowering Women's Health through the Science of Mudra, an Ancient Healing Practice.
Publisher Journal Name: IJCRT
Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2508021
Register Paper ID - 291982
Title: EMPOWERING WOMEN'S HEALTH THROUGH THE SCIENCE OF MUDRA, AN ANCIENT HEALING PRACTICE.
Author Name(s): Dr. Pallavi S. Shendge, Vd. Archana Belge
Publisher Journal name: IJCRT
Volume: 13
Issue: 8
Pages: a163-a171
Year: August 2025
Downloads: 122
Mudras (hand gestures) rooted in ancient yogic science are increasingly recognized for their therapeutic potential. This study explores the role of mudras in women's health, highlighting their benefits in managing common health ailments, promoting emotional balance, and improving overall quality of life
Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0
Asana, Emotional balance, Mudra, Pranayama, Women's health.
Paper Title: Study on Farm Management and Economic Viability of Rural (Lucknow, UP) Small-Scale Bovine Farms
Publisher Journal Name: IJCRT
Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2508020
Register Paper ID - 291973
Title: STUDY ON FARM MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMIC VIABILITY OF RURAL (LUCKNOW, UP) SMALL-SCALE BOVINE FARMS
Author Name(s): Mr Vishal Yadav, Dr Laxman Singh, Dr Abhay Kant
Publisher Journal name: IJCRT
Volume: 13
Issue: 8
Pages: a155-a162
Year: August 2025
Downloads: 138
The small-scale bovine farming sector plays a pivotal role in sustaining rural livelihoods and ensuring nutritional security in India, especially in regions like Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. This study investigates the farm management practices and economic viability of small-scale bovine farms in rural Lucknow, aiming to assess their productivity, cost structures, income levels, and sustainability challenges. Using primary data collected from 50 bovine farmers through structured interviews and surveys, the study analyzes operational inputs, output yields, feeding practices, veterinary care, labor utilization, and market access. Economic indicators such as gross income, net income, input-output ratio, and break-even points are calculated to evaluate farm performance. Findings reveal that while bovine farms contribute significantly to rural income, many operate on marginal profitability due to high input costs, lack of technical know-how, and inadequate access to veterinary and marketing infrastructure. The study suggests that improved extension services, cooperative marketing systems, and targeted subsidies can enhance farm viability. This research has practical implications for policy-makers, agricultural extension workers, and development planners seeking to promote inclusive rural growth through sustainable livestock farming.
Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0
Small-scale bovine farming, Rural farm management, Economic viability, Dairy farming Input-output ratio
Paper Title: Supta Vajrasana: A Comprehensive Anatomical Study from a Rachana Sharir Perspective
Publisher Journal Name: IJCRT
Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2508019
Register Paper ID - 291984
Title: SUPTA VAJRASANA: A COMPREHENSIVE ANATOMICAL STUDY FROM A RACHANA SHARIR PERSPECTIVE
Author Name(s): DR. VINOD KATARIYA, DR. DEEPA, PROF. (DR.) JITENDRA KUMAR SHARMA
Publisher Journal name: IJCRT
Volume: 13
Issue: 8
Pages: a148-a154
Year: August 2025
Downloads: 141
A traditional Hatha Yoga pose that builds from the foundational Vajrasana is Supta Vajrasana, also known as the Reclined Thunderbolt Pose. Although it is widely acknowledged for its healing properties and benefits to digestive health, maximizing its therapeutic use and lowering risks require a deeper understanding of anatomy and physiology. An extensive anatomical analysis of Supta Vajrasana from the viewpoint of Rachana Sharir is presented in this article, which breaks down the complex engagement and stretching of different musculoskeletal structures, such as muscles, ligaments, and joints. It also clarifies the physiological effects on the nervous, endocrine, digestive, respiratory, and circulatory systems. This research attempts to provide a thorough framework for Rachana Sharir scholars to understand the profound body-mind integration promoted by this special asana by connecting these anatomical effects with Ayurvedic concepts like Dosha balance, Agni stimulation, and Srotas purification. Its therapeutic precision can be improved by comprehending the biomechanics and physiological reactions, especially in conditions pertaining to digestive issues, metabolic health, and general physical and mental well-being.
Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0
Supta Vajrasana, Rachana Sharir, Anatomy, Biomechanics, Yoga, Vajrasana, Joints, Muscles, Physiology, Ayurveda
Paper Title: Knowledge of Staff Nurses on Noninvasive Wearable Devices for Detecting Health Alterations: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Publisher Journal Name: IJCRT
Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2508018
Register Paper ID - 291842
Title: KNOWLEDGE OF STAFF NURSES ON NONINVASIVE WEARABLE DEVICES FOR DETECTING HEALTH ALTERATIONS: A DESCRIPTIVE CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Author Name(s): Prof. Deepa P.D
Publisher Journal name: IJCRT
Volume: 13
Issue: 8
Pages: a143-a147
Year: August 2025
Downloads: 142
Background: Noninvasive wearable devices are increasingly used in healthcare to detect early alterations in patient health status. Staff nurses, as front-line health professionals, must have adequate knowledge to utilize and interpret data from these devices effectively. Objective: To assess the knowledge of staff nurses regarding noninvasive wearable devices used for detecting health alterations. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study using a structured questionnaire was conducted among staff nurses in a tertiary care hospital. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the knowledge levels and their associations with sociodemographic variables. Results: The majority of nurses demonstrated moderate knowledge regarding the application, benefits, and limitations of noninvasive wearable devices for health monitoring. Knowledge scores were significantly higher among younger nurses and those with higher educational qualifications. Conclusion: There is a moderate level of awareness among staff nurses regarding noninvasive wearable devices. Regular training and sensitization programs are recommended to bridge knowledge gaps and optimize the use of wearable health technologies in clinical practice.
Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0
Noninvasive wearable devices, health alterations, knowledge assessment, staff nurses, health technology, patient monitoring
Paper Title: Cultural Heritage and Tourism Potential of the Toda and Irula Tribes in the Nilgiris: A Historical Perspective
Publisher Journal Name: IJCRT
Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2508017
Register Paper ID - 291797
Title: CULTURAL HERITAGE AND TOURISM POTENTIAL OF THE TODA AND IRULA TRIBES IN THE NILGIRIS: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
Author Name(s): Ms.B.Pathmavathy, Dr.A.Devaraj
Publisher Journal name: IJCRT
Volume: 13
Issue: 8
Pages: a137-a142
Year: August 2025
Downloads: 137
The Toda and Irula tribes of the Nilgiris represent two of the most culturally rich and ecologically sensitive indigenous communities in South India. Their deep-rooted relationship with the land, distinctive architectural styles, spiritual practices, and traditional ecological knowledge form a vital part of India's tribal heritage. In the context of increasing interest in heritage-based and eco-sensitive tourism, tribal tourism is increasingly viewed as a means of fostering both economic inclusion and cultural preservation. This paper critically examines the cultural heritage and tourism potential of the Toda and Irula communities from a historical perspective. It investigates how their traditional lifeways can be thoughtfully integrated into sustainable tourism initiatives in the Nilgiris. Drawing on secondary sources and cultural studies, the paper highlights opportunities for community-led tourism models, while also addressing concerns such as cultural commodification, erosion of authenticity, and lack of agency among tribal groups. The study ultimately advocates for a historically informed, community-centric tourism approach that upholds the cultural integrity of indigenous communities while contributing to their socio-economic well-being.
Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0
Toda tribe, Irula tribe, Nilgiris, tribal tourism, cultural heritage, indigenous communities, sustainable tourism, historical perspective, community-based tourism, intangible heritage
Paper Title: Effectiveness Of Self-Instructional Module on Knowledge and Attitude Regarding "Prevention and Management of Diphtheria" among Mothers of Under Five Children in Selected Community, Banda, MP, India.
Publisher Journal Name: IJCRT
Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2508016
Register Paper ID - 291963
Title: EFFECTIVENESS OF SELF-INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE ON KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE REGARDING "PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF DIPHTHERIA" AMONG MOTHERS OF UNDER FIVE CHILDREN IN SELECTED COMMUNITY, BANDA, MP, INDIA.
Author Name(s): Gayatri Kurmi,, Dr. Mahendra Vishwakarma,M.Sc. N, Ph. D N, Dr. Raj Krishnan R, M.Sc. N, Ph. D N
Publisher Journal name: IJCRT
Volume: 13
Issue: 8
Pages: a117-a136
Year: August 2025
Downloads: 129
Abstract Introduction: Diphtheria remains a significant public health concern in many developing regions, including parts of India, where outbreaks continue to affect vulnerable populations, particularly children under five years of age. Despite the availability of preventive vaccines and effective treatment methods, a lack of awareness and proper health practices among caregivers, especially mothers, contributes to the persistence of the disease. In this context, self-instructional modules (SIMs) have emerged as a cost-effective, accessible tool for enhancing health education. Aim: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a self-instructional module on improving the knowledge and attitude of mothers regarding the prevention and management of diphtheria in a selected community in Banda, Madhya Pradesh, India, thereby contributing to community-level disease control and child health promotion. Objectives: 1) To assess the pretest level of knowledge regarding prevention and management of diphtheria among mothers of under five children in selected community.2) To assess the pretest level of attitude regarding prevention and management of diphtheria among mothers of under five children in selected community.3) To develop the self-instructional module regarding prevention and management of diphtheria in selected community.4) To administer the self-instructional module on knowledge and attitude regarding prevention and management of diphtheria among mothers of under five children in selected community.5) To assess the post-test level of knowledge regarding prevention and management of diphtheria among mothers of under five children in selected community.6) To assess the post-test level of attitude regarding prevention and management of diphtheria among mothers of under five children in selected community.7) To find out the effectiveness of self-instructional module on knowledge regarding prevention and management of diphtheria among mothers of under five children.8) To find out the effectiveness of self-instructional module on attitude regarding prevention and management of diphtheria among mothers of under five children.9) To determine the association between the pretest level of knowledge regarding prevention and management of diphtheria among mothers of under five children with their selected demographic variables.10) To determine the association between the pretest level of attitude regarding prevention and management of diphtheria among mothers of under five children with their selected demographic variables. Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental research design with a pre-test and post-test approach was adopted to assess the effectiveness of a self-instructional module (SIM) on knowledge and attitude regarding the prevention and management of diphtheria among mothers of under-five children in a selected community of Banda, Madhya Pradesh, India. The study was conducted among 60 mothers selected through purposive sampling. A structured knowledge questionnaire and a Likert-scale-based attitude assessment tool were developed and validated by experts for data collection. The self-instructional module was administered after the pre-test. After a gap of 7 days, a post-test was conducted using the same tools to evaluate changes in knowledge and attitude. Ethical approval was obtained from the institutional ethical committee, and informed consent was taken from all participants. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including paired t-tests and chi-square tests to assess the effectiveness of the intervention and its association with demographic variables. Results: The results of the study indicate a significant improvement in both knowledge and attitude among mothers of under-five children following the administration of the self-instructional module on the prevention and management of diphtheria. The mean knowledge score increased markedly from 7 in the pre-test to 18.95 in the post-test, with a mean difference of 11.95. The standard deviation rose from 2.91 to 3.91, and the computed t-value was 1.0139, demonstrating a substantial gain in knowledge. Similarly, attitude scores improved significantly, with a pre-test mean of 16 rising to 40.82 post-test, yielding a mean difference of 11.34. The standard deviation increased from 4.24 to 4.66, and the computed t-value was 0.0072. These findings collectively suggest that the self-instructional module was effective in enhancing knowledge and positively modifying the attitude of mothers regarding diphtheria, with statistical significance observed at the 0.05 level. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the study, it can be concluded that the self-instructional module on the prevention and management of diphtheria is effective in enhancing both the knowledge and attitude of mothers of under-five children in the selected community of Banda, Madhya Pradesh, India. The post-test scores indicate a significant improvement in the participants' understanding and outlook towards diphtheria after exposure to the module. This suggests that such educational interventions can play a vital role in empowering mothers with essential health information, thereby contributing to better disease prevention and child health outcomes at the community level.
Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0
Key words: Knowledge, attitude, self-instructional module, diphtheria, under five children, under five children's mother.
Paper Title: DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN AI-POWERED CHATBOT USING SEQUENCE-TO-SEQUENCE DEEP LEARNING WITH ATTENTION
Publisher Journal Name: IJCRT
Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2508015
Register Paper ID - 291899
Title: DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN AI-POWERED CHATBOT USING SEQUENCE-TO-SEQUENCE DEEP LEARNING WITH ATTENTION
Author Name(s): Vishwas William, Bhakthavathsala, Vamshi Krishna, Dr. S Nagamani
Publisher Journal name: IJCRT
Volume: 13
Issue: 8
Pages: a109-a116
Year: August 2025
Downloads: 138
This paper introduces the design and development of an AI chatbot that utilizes deep learning models to comprehend and produce human-like feedback. The system employs a neural sequence-to-sequence model with attention mechanisms to improve contextual awareness. We introduce the architecture, implementation workflow, training material, evaluation metrics, and performance results. Deep learning, according to our results, greatly enhances chatbot interactions with potential applications in education, customer support, and healthcare.
Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN AI-POWERED CHATBOT USING SEQUENCE-TO-SEQUENCE DEEP LEARNING WITH ATTENTION
Paper Title: Issues And Challenges Of Women's Empowerment In India
Publisher Journal Name: IJCRT
Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2508014
Register Paper ID - 291874
Title: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES OF WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT IN INDIA
Author Name(s): Dr.Deepa Bain
Publisher Journal name: IJCRT
Volume: 13
Issue: 8
Pages: a103-a108
Year: August 2025
Downloads: 129
Encouraging women's greater participation in business life, society and politics is one of the most important problems of today. Women's empowerment is one of today's most pressing issues. Women make up half the world's population and a third of the workforce, but they earn only a tenth of world income and account for more than 1% of total assets. The empowerment process enables women to maximize their potential and power in all areas of life with a multidisciplinary approach. A women's empowerment begins with knowledge; a vision of oneself and one's rights, capabilities and potential, and knowledge of how gender, culture and politics affect these. This study concludes that women can only be truly self-sufficient if they have access to resources and assets that enable them to take control of their lives and participate in society. When women are allowed to engage in self-employment and exercise the legal right of their own choosing, this value or concern must be a factor in their success.
Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0
Women Empowerment,Issues and Chhallenges
Paper Title: Gender Neutrality in Law, State & Society
Publisher Journal Name: IJCRT
Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2508013
Register Paper ID - 291840
Title: GENDER NEUTRALITY IN LAW, STATE & SOCIETY
Author Name(s): Saksham Mathur, Kanak Shukla, Mohmmed Yusuf Ali
Publisher Journal name: IJCRT
Volume: 13
Issue: 8
Pages: a96-a102
Year: August 2025
Downloads: 135
An interdisciplinary approach is attempted in this paper to analyse the interplay between gender neutrality and access to justice. While gender neutrality is often said to be a very progressive idea in law, a host of new problems are generated when it is applied in a postcolonial society like India. The paper draws from the disciplines such as law, political science, international relations, history, and statistics to criticize the assumption that neutrality would bring forth justice all by itself. Legal analyses show that gender-neutral laws may in fact sometimes uphold patriarchal structures when no steps are taken to address the underlying inequalities. The political approach ponders over the questions of how governance, policy language, and representation impact the availability of justice for gender-diverse individuals. From a data standpoint, it illustrates how binary data catapult non-binary identities into the margins. From a historical and international perspective, the modern laws are seated within colonial legacies and critique the global human rights discourse for its limited inclusiveness. We argue that gender neutrality, though important, remains alone insufficient. A meaningful framework of access to justice must be context-sensitive, historically aware, and structurally inclusive of all gender identities.
Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0
Gender Neutrality, Access to Justice, Constitutional Law, Gender-Based Violence, Public Policy, Legal Reform, Colonial Legacy, International Norms, Gender Data, Inclusive Governance
Paper Title: Triphala: An Ayurvedic Combination for Health Rejuvenation
Publisher Journal Name: IJCRT
Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2508012
Register Paper ID - 291913
Title: TRIPHALA: AN AYURVEDIC COMBINATION FOR HEALTH REJUVENATION
Author Name(s): Sanjive Kumar, Manish Kumar Srivastav
Publisher Journal name: IJCRT
Volume: 13
Issue: 8
Pages: a84-a95
Year: August 2025
Downloads: 116
According to Sanskrit, the word "triphla" is made up of two In Sanskrit, the word "tri" connotes three, whereas the word "phala" refers to fruits. Bibhitaki (Terminalia bellirica), Haritaki (Terminalia chebula), and Amla (Emblica Officinalis) are the three fruits that make up triphla. Therefore, triphla is composed of these three fruits. In the Ayurvedic medical system, it is considered to be one of the most significant combinations, and it has been traditionally utilized in the treatment of a variety of ailments. This is a combination of three plants that are considered to be medicinally significant. These plants are Amla, Bibhitaki, and Haritaki, each of which possesses a variety of medicinal properties within themselves. According to the findings of the current research, triphala possesses a number of medical qualities, including antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer, antipyretic, hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and skin protective capabilities.
Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0
Triphla, Bibhitaki, Haritaki, Amla, Ayurvedic.
The International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT) aims to explore advances in research pertaining to applied, theoretical and experimental Technological studies. The goal is to promote scientific information interchange between researchers, developers, engineers, students, and practitioners working in and around the world.
Indexing In Google Scholar, ResearcherID Thomson Reuters, Mendeley : reference manager, Academia.edu, arXiv.org, Research Gate, CiteSeerX, DocStoc, ISSUU, Scribd, and many more International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT) ISSN: 2320-2882 | Impact Factor: 7.97 | 7.97 impact factor and ISSN Approved. Provide DOI and Hard copy of Certificate. Low Open Access Processing Charges. 1500 INR for Indian author & 55$ for foreign International author. Call For Paper (Volume 14 | Issue 2 | Month- February 2026)

