Volume 12 | Issue 8

 Abstract

The empirical study critically investigates the relationship between return on assets of 10 private sector banks in India and bank specific determinants for the period 2013-14 to 2022-23. the study aims to find the association between Return on Assets (ROA), Net interest margin (NIM) and bank specific determinants with the help of statistical tools such as descriptive statistics, multiple correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis.

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Return on Assets, Net Interest Margin, private sector banks, Return on Investment and Multiple Regression Analysis.

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As sustainability concerns have grown, understanding the antecedents driving consumers to purchase green products has become increasingly important. This paper reviews the factors influencing green purchase intention, focusing on individual, societal, and contextual factors. Findings reveal that environmental attitude, concern, knowledge, perceived consumer effectiveness, and personal norms positively impact green purchase intention. Socially, subjective norms and social influence are crucial. Contextually, accessibility, availability, price, and quality of green products also shape consumer intentions. The findings highlight the need for holistic strategies targeting individual, societal, and market-level factors to promote environmentally sustainable consumer behaviour. This review contributes to the development of effective interventions to promote environmentally sustainable consumer behaviour.

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Green Purchase Intention, Sustainability, Environment, Green Products, Determinants

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Mizaj (temperament) is a foundational concept in Unani medicine, integral to understanding human physiology, pathology, and therapeutic practices. This paper provides an in-depth exploration of Mizaj, including its historical context, theoretical framework, diagnostic criteria, and clinical applications. Drawing on classical texts by Ibn Sina and Al-Razi, as well as contemporary research, we discuss the classification of temperaments--sanguine, phlegmatic, choleric, and melancholic--and their respective characteristics. Diagnostic methods such as pulse examination, physical observation, and analysis of bodily excretions are examined. We highlight the role of Mizaj in disease prevention and personalized treatment plans, presenting case studies that demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach. The discussion section compares with modern personalized medicine, addressing benefits and limitations. Our findings suggest that incorporating Mizaj into contemporary medical practices could enhance patient care by offering a more holistic understanding of health and disease. This integration has the potential to bridge traditional and modern healthcare systems, promoting a more comprehensive approach to medicine.

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Mizaj, Unani Medicine, Temperament, Diagnosis, Personalized Treatment, Humors, Ibn Sina, Clinical Applications, GTCH.

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??????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????????? ?? ??????

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Women Social entrepreneurs are those persons who identify and solve social problems through their innovative and sustainable business ideas. The obstacles in their way are numerous but the thought to transform lives for the social good is the driving force that motivates such social startups in India to navigate the bumpy road of social entrepreneurship. Social entrepreneurs are important for rural development because they bring a unique combination of skills and perspectives to the task of solving rural social problems. They are passionate about social change, have a deep understanding of the needs of rural societies and wants to bring change for rural development. This research aims to analyze the importance of social entrepreneurs in rural development run by women. This paper also analyses key factors that have contributed in the increasing focus on rural development by new startups and also how women entrepreneurs are bringing a change that can have a positive impact on society by providing opportunities in rural economy. The data have been collected from secondary sources, such as the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) and the Labour Bureau, newspapers, magazines which throws a light on context of study.

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Entrepreneur, Women Entrepreneur, Rural Economy, Employment, Rural Economy, Livelihood, etc

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Autoimmune diseases, characterized by the immune system attacking the body's own tissues, include conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MS), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Emerging evidence suggests that gut microbiota, the complex community of microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal tract, plays a significant role in modulating immune responses and influencing autoimmune disease pathogenesis. This review explores the intricate relationship between gut microbiota and these autoimmune diseases, highlighting potential mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. Dysbiosis, or an imbalance in gut microbial composition, has been implicated in autoimmune disease development through several mechanisms, including increased intestinal permeability, molecular mimicry, and altered immune system regulation. In RA, dysbiosis can lead to systemic inflammation and contribute to joint damage. In MS, gut microbiota may influence central nervous system inflammation and blood-brain barrier integrity. In SLE, alterations in gut microbiota composition can affect autoantibody production and disease activity. Therapeutic interventions targeting gut microbiota, such as probiotics, prebiotics, faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and dietary modifications, offer promising approaches for managing autoimmune diseases. Probiotics and prebiotics can modulate gut microbiota composition and reduce inflammation, while FMT has potential for restoring a healthy microbiome. Dietary interventions, including anti-inflammatory diets, may also play a role in managing symptoms. Understanding the connections between gut microbiota and autoimmune diseases could lead to novel strategies for prevention and treatment. Future research should focus on validating these therapeutic approaches and exploring personalized treatments based on individual microbiota profiles.

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Autoimmune Diseases, Faecal Microbiota Transplantation, Multiple Sclerosis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

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The Tourism sector is the country's largest industry, contributing to India's GDP. It has emerged as one of the eminent industries, adding to the advancement of the service sector of the country. However, rural tourism forms a relatively small size but is of emerging significance as it could provide an opportunity to connect with the real India. In 2018, the Government of India implemented the One District One Product scheme with a vision of identifying, promoting and, preserving the cultural heritage of each district in the form of an indigenous product. One District One Product initiative can potentially revamp the rural landscapes to a tourist destination. This would help to showcase the skills, art, and culture of the Indian districts. Moreover, it would positively add to the socio-economic conditions of the districts. The present study seeks to explore the potentiality of the One District One Product program in encouraging rural tourism and entrepreneurship in India. It can link production with tourism through live demonstration sessions and sale outlets. By formulating effective strategies and collaborative efforts, the Government of India can harness the ODOP program to attract tourists to local areas. This would provide an opportunity to encourage cultural heritage and empower the local communities.

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Rural Tourism, ODOP, Entrepreneurship, Sustainable development, Tourist Destination.

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Abstract: The Deen Dayal Upadhyaya-National Rural Livelihood Mission (DDU-NRLM) has played a key role in changing the socio-economic landscape of rural India by empowering Self-Help Groups (SHGs). The paper assesses the effect of DDU-NRLM on the upliftment of SHGs in the Sissiborgaon Development Block. By analyzing the various reports provided by the government, it was seen that DDU-NRLM has been very instrumental in the development and upliftment of SHG in the development block. The program's emphasis on capacity building and sustainable livelihoods has resulted in increased self-reliance and economic resilience in the community. However, issues such as bureaucratic roadblocks and inconsistent program execution came to light. The analysis emphasizes the essential role of DDU-NRLM in promoting rural development and suggests legislative changes to close current gaps and magnify the mission's beneficial impacts.

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Keywords: DDU-NRLM, Sissiborgaon Development Block, SHG, Socio-Economic, Upliftment, Capacity Building, Sustainable Livelihood.

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Abstract Sarada Devi, known as the Holy Mother, played a vital role in the spiritual and personal development of Swami Vivekananda and the broader Ramakrishna Movement. This study examines her life, teachings, and significant influence on Swami Vivekananda, highlighting her contributions to the Ramakrishna Mission's spiritual, organizational, and social dimensions, revealing her enduring legacy.

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Sarada Devi, Swami Vivekananda, Ramakrishna Movement, Spiritual guidance, Vedanta, Women's empowerment, Ramakrishna Mission, Divine Mother, Selfless service

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IT outsourcing has evolved from a cost-cutting strategy to a critical component of business strategy, enabling organizations to enhance operational efficiency and access specialized expertise. This paper explores the benefits of IT outsourcing, including significant cost savings, operational agility, and access to cutting-edge technologies. However, it also addresses key challenges such as information security risks, compliance with regulatory standards, and the complexities introduced by remote work and BYOD policies. Effective risk management and adherence to security frameworks are essential for mitigating these challenges. The paper provides a comprehensive review of current literature, highlighting best practices for managing security and compliance in IT outsourcing. By investigating the influence between outsourcing benefits and associated risks, this study offers practical insights for organizations seeking to optimize their outsourcing strategies while ensuring robust security and regulatory compliance.

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IT Outsourcing, Security and Compliance Standards, BYOD- Bring Your Own Device, Remote Work

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ABSTRACT Plants are known in the pharmaceutical industry for their expansive structural range as well as their wide range of pharmacological actions. The biologically active compounds present in plants are called phytochemicals. These phytochemicals are derived from different parts of plants such as leaves, flowers, seeds, barks, roots and pulps. They are used as sources of straight medicinal agents and serve as a raw material base for elaboration of more complex semi-synthetic chemical compounds. Pouzolzia wightii Benn. is a medicinal herb comprising health-promoting secondary metabolites. This study was aimed to profile bioactive compounds in the different extracts using UV-Visible Spectroscopic Technique. The preliminary phytochemical screening tests revealed the presence of cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids. The UV-Vis profile revealed various absorption bands ranging from 299 to 800 nm with different absorption respectively indicating the presence of flavonoids, phenolic compounds, tannins, terpenoids, carotenoids, chlorophyll, and alkaloids. The present study confirmed that Pouzolzia wightii Benn. contain nontoxic secondary metabolites that may play a pivotal role in human health.

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Key Words: Medicinal plants, Phytochemicals, Bioactive compounds, Secondary metabolites.

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Knee osteoarthritis is a prevalent and debilitating condition affecting millions worldwide. Early detection and accurate severity prediction are crucial for effective management and treatment planning. This study introduces a novel approach for knee osteoarthritis detection and severity prediction using advanced image analysis techniques and machine learning algorithms. Specifically, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are employed for feature extraction and classification, enabling the analysis of knee joint images to identify osteoarthritic changes and predict disease severity. The proposed method integrates various image preprocessing techniques, including noise reduction and normalization, to enhance image quality and improve detection accuracy. Additionally, the system leverages a multi-class classification model to categorize the severity of osteoarthritis based on established grading scales. Evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms traditional methods in terms of precision, robustness, and processing efficiency, offering a significant advancement in the field of medical imaging and diagnostics. This technology has the potential to facilitate early diagnosis, improve patient outcomes, and optimize healthcare resource utilization in the management of knee osteoarthritis.

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Knee Osteoarthritis, Convolutional Neural Networks, Severity Prediction, Image Analysis, Medical Imaging, Machine Learning, Early Detection, Healthcare Management, Diagnostic Technology.

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The global surge of e-commerce has significantly reshaped industries, and the food sector is undergoing a transformative shift, particularly in emerging economies like India. This article presents an in-depth case study focusing on Patna, delving into the intricate impact of e-commerce on food consumption patterns, local businesses, and the overall economy. Employing a robust theoretical framework that integrates content analysis, discourse analysis, and comparative case studies, the research unveils the multifaceted dynamics of this transformation. By scrutinizing both technological advancements and traditional practices, the study not only identifies key drivers but also delineates the profound consequences of this digital revolution. This comprehensive exploration offers nuanced insights into the evolving food culture in Patna, contributing to a deeper understanding of the broader implications of e-commerce on the global food industry.

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: E-commerce, food delivery, emerging markets, Patna, India, impact, food consumption, businesses, economy

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Urinary tract infections affect the kidneys and bladder. We don't have germs, yet introducing them can infect. Small catheters remove urine from the bladder. Begs capture tube urine. UTIs affect men and women as they age. However, UTIs are more common in women and may be regarded harmless in older women, but in men, they should be tested and followed up. This study used a quantitative research methodology and chose 60 civil hospital panipat staff nurses using nonprobability convenient (one group pre-test post-test) selection. Subjects completed a self-designed knowledge questionnaire and practice scale to assess the effectiveness of a structured education program on urinary tract infection prevention in indwelling catheter patients. Statisticians used descriptive and inferential statistics to interpret data. Before the test, 50 (83.3%) had intermediate knowledge, 10 (16.7%) had acceptable knowledge, and 0 (0% had inadequate knowledge). After the test, 60 (100%) staff nurses had adequate knowledge. In patients with indwelling catheters, the mean pre-test score for urinary tract infection prevention was 17.27%, whereas the post-test score increased to 26.87%. paired 't' test showed a significant improvement between pre-test and post-test knowledge with 't' value of 21.994 and practice with 't' value of 24.541 at p=0.05. Chi square test showed no significant association between pre-test knowledge and practice of civil hospital panipat staff nurses and selected socio-demographic variables. Kerl peearson co-relation coefficient showed no significant correlation between pre-test knowledge and practice (0.235 and 0.254) and post-test knowledge and practice (0.125 and 0.254). Study results showed that structured instruction on urinary tract infection prevention in indwelling catheter patients improves staff nurses' knowledge and practice. Staff nurses must practise preventing urinary tract infections in catheterised patients.

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Effectiveness, Urinary tract infection, Structured teaching programme ,Staff nurse

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Medical prescription recognition is a critical task in healthcare for ensuring accurate medication dispensing and improving patient safety. This study presents a novel approach for medical prescription recognition using advanced image processing techniques and machine learning algorithms. Specifically, the method employs Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for feature extraction and classification, leveraging deep learning to analyze and differentiate various handwritten and printed prescriptions based on text, layout, and other distinguishing characteristics. To enhance the robustness of the system, algorithms such as Optical Character Recognition (OCR) for text extraction and Natural Language Processing (NLP) for context understanding are integrated. These techniques address challenges posed by varying handwriting styles, prescription formats, and noise in the images, improving the accuracy and reliability of the recognition system. The proposed method is evaluated against traditional approaches, demonstrating superior performance in terms of precision, robustness, and processing efficiency. This approach not only advances medical prescription recognition technology but also supports improved healthcare management and patient safety, contributing to more effective and efficient healthcare delivery systems.

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Medical prescription recognition, machine learning, Optical Character Recognition (OCR), Natural Language Processing (NLP), healthcare management, patient safety.

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COPD is a long-term respiratory disease characterized by airway limitations and reduced air- volume change, mainly due to emphysema and acute exacerbation. These exacerbations increase oxidative stress and inflammation in the lungs, and causes continuous deterioration of the lung functions. COPD depends on certain factors such as; age, environmental factors, genetics and presence of other diseases including asthma. Thus, the timely diagnose of COPD is an essential step to successful management and treatment. This review's aim is to describe the existing approaches, including traditional spirometry, and novel techniques including forced oscillometry, phase contrast imaging, and electrical impedance tomography. Spirometry is still the reference technique in the evaluation and staging of COPD, however, it has weak points especially when it comes to the identification and follow - up of the milder cases. Some of the new imaging methods include X-ray phase contrast imaging and electrical impedance tomography which, may allow lung function assessment in real time or more detailed regional analysis.It is important to present new developments in the diagnostics following COPD with stressing the role of new technologies for overcoming existing difficulties. Such advancements seeks to strengthening early detection, specific treatment approaches, and by extension, patients' quality of life by addressing issues with standard diagnostic practices.

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Acute exacerbations (AE-COPD), Respiratory dysfunctions, Emphysema, Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD).

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The Indian Contract Act, 1872, is an important piece of legislation that governs the formation and enforcement of contracts in India. Contract is an agreement enforceable in the eyes of law. One of the essentials of a valid contract, as mentioned in section 10, is that the parties should be competent to make the contract. Section 11 clarifies that the minors, a person of unsound mind and person who has been disqualified from contracting by some law is not competent to contract. One of the critical aspects of this Act is the position of minors in contractual agreements. Understanding the position of minors under this Act is essential for comprehending how the law seeks to protect individuals who are not yet deemed fully capable of making agreements.

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The Position of Minor: The Indian Contract Act, 1872

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Artificial intelligence (AI) technology advancements offer an opportunity to assist educators in resolving issues and enhancing teaching and learning outcomes for students. Learning mathematics often poses a significant hurdle for many students. AI offers a way to address this issue by identifying each student's unique learning challenges and giving individualized solutions to maximize their learning outcomes in mathematics courses. This paper explores the role of AI in mathematics education at all educational levels through tailored instructional approaches such as adaptive learning, differentiated instruction, personalized recommendations, assessment, and feedback. This paper provides an overview of the AI enabled technologies that foster mathematics education while addressing implementation considerations

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Mathematics Education, Artificial Intelligence, Personalized Learning, Adaptive Learning

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No literary work stands on a trans-historical plane. It has got to reflect all thehistorical and cultural conditions. All the ideological patterns are embedded in the work concerned. The present paper makes an analysis of the text, 'The Psychiatrist' (1882 ) by Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis, a Brazilian writer, showing how the then ideological paradigm is expressed through its narrative. According to Foucault, the state is interested in creating 'docile bodies',the conformists, abiding by the rules. But, whosoever is unwilling to do so will be punished by the state that often stigmatizes one either as 'leper' or 'insane' as stated by Foucault, in his 'Madness and Civilization'. The text under survey, 'The Psychiatrist' redefines the concept of madness in Foucaultian terms. The present text also focuses light on the relation between the state power and the medical doctors, treating insanity.

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New Historicism, power-structure, strategy of punishment, madness.

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The Present study deals with survey and status of macrofungi diversity of D.D.U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur especially DDU Campus. Macrofungal surveys carried out during 2019-2021 in different place of DDU Campus. A total of more than 85 samples of macrofungi collected during the survey but only 78 Species of macrofungi belonging to 55 Genera of 36 Families is presented. The most dominant family are Agaricaceae representing 17 species. The results indicate that DDU Campus is a rich diversity of macrofungi.

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Macrofungi, Agaricaceae, DDU, Gorakhpur.

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