Volume 12 | Issue 8

 Abstract

Abstract: Proteolytic enzymes are not only important in digestion as they breakdown the protein foods to liberate free amino acids needed by the body but these are also important in regulating many vital physiological processes. In the last decade or two they have been found to play an important role in regulating cell cycle, inflammatory conditions, blood rheology control and immune regulation. A large body literature also describes the role of inhibitors of protease which are responsible for controlling the above physiological processes as well as their antiviral potential. Bacteria are also known to secrete proteolytic enzymes for their extracellular digestion. Interference with these processes may appear to be a way to control bacterial propagation by starving them of much required amino acid. In this study, we isolated protease producing bacteria from natural sources; their taxonomic position was deduced using polyphasic approach, and protease inhibitory activity of fruits, nuts and leaf extracts was studied using gelatine dot liquefaction on X-ray film. Protease inhibition was observed in Mangifera indica, Tridax procumbens, Syzygium cumini, Terminalia catappa and Ficus benghalensis extracts against Bacillus and E. coli species. These studies indicate that natural plant sources can be used for control of some bacterial growth.

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Bacteria, Enzymes, Protease, Inhibitors

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Impurities in pharmaceutical and chemical products are a critical concern as they can have significant impacts on product quality, safety, and efficacy. The integration of upstream and downstream processing has emerged as a valuable tool for developing manufacturing processes that yield high-quality products with lower costs.Traditionally, optimizations in bio manufacturing have focused on titers, aggregates, and product quality, often neglecting other process-related impurities. However, as product titers increase, the creation of more difficult-to-separate impurities becomes a growing challenge. The importance of comprehensive impurity analysis cannot be overstated, as it is essential for ensuring the safety and efficacy of pharmaceutical products. An integrated approach that considers the different facets of downstream processing, including separation, purification, concentration, and conversion, is crucial for understanding and addressing impurity-related issues.

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Impurity, Purification, bio manufacturing, Extraction ,Product Quality

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Griva Basti is a snigdha drava swedana which is a form of Bahiparimarjan chikitsha. Though there is no direct reference of grivabasti in ayurvedic text, it is basically developed from Netra tarpana, Shiro basti etc. mentioned by different acharyas and widely practiced in Keraliyan Panchakarma. It is an age-old treatment for acute and chronic neck pain disorders. Nowadays, the most common cause of neck pain is Cervical spondylosis, a musculoskeletal degenerative disorder having an age-related prevalence. In Ayurveda all the degenerative disorders come under the broad spectrum of Vatavyadhi. Manyastambha is a Nanatmaja Vata Vyadhi with symptoms of ruka and stambha and can be correlated with cervical spondylosis. Griva basti rejuvenates the cervical vertebra and increases the flexibility of the joints. In this procedure hot medicated oil is poured inside a ring made of wheat flour over cervical region and kept for a specific period of time. This study will vividly discuss the potential mode of action of Griva basti in manyastambha.

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A Conceptual Review of Mode of Action of Griva basti in Manyastambha

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Retail is not only an intermediary between consumers and companies, but now they are also expanding into their products. Providing food and beverages is one form of retail innovation, in this state the consumers not only shop for daily necessities but they can also eat and relax in the shop. Using the snowball technique, a sample of 100 Lawson consumers in Surabaya, Indonesia, were identified based on their attributes. The four hypotheses are based on the analysis, and each hypothesis is validated.

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Food Quality, Menu Variety, Convenience, Perceived Value, Repurchase Intention

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This paper examines the influence of social stigma rooted in traditional values on modern Indian society, as depicted in Mahesh Dattani's play "Dance Like a Man." The paper explores how social stigma devalues and discriminates against individuals based on their qualities or ambitions, particularly within the context of mental health and societal roles. It underscores the harmful effects of such stigma, including reduced opportunities, diminished self-worth, and reluctance to seek treatment for mental illnesses. Through the "Dance Like a Man," the paper illustrates the pervasive influence of social stigma on personal freedom and societal progress, emphasizing the need for greater flexibility and acceptance of individual aspirations in modern Indian society. Further, the paper argues that while traditional values have historically shaped and civilized society, they must evolve to accommodate modern ideals of individual freedom and equality. The study calls for a balanced approach where tradition coexists with modern values to foster a more inclusive and progressive society

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Traditional Values, Social Stigma, Mental Health, Discrimination

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Herbal drug has got importance globally due to its medicinal, an ornamental and economic value. They have been used to treat numerous ailments for many years by ancient peoples. They are also mentioned in various Classical Unani literature and many of them are validated too. Irsa is also an herbal drug used mainly for respiratory diseases since ancient time and proved to be effective in Clinical trials performed in COPD and Bronchial Asthma too. It is also used in Liver diseases, Skin disease, Neuromuscular disorder, reproductive disorder, GIT ailments, antidote due to its anti- inflammatory, de-obstructive, Expectorant, Concoctive, Astringent, Immuno-protective, Anti- convulsant, Blood Purifying Properties. There are lots of researches performed on it to evaluate its Chemical constituents such as alkaloids, few Anthocyanins, Flavones and Flavonoids that pertains certain pharmacological activities that needs to be compiled to pave pathway for new researches yet to be perform in future

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Irsa; Iris ensata Thunb; Iridaceae; Flavonoids; Unani System of Medicine

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Case Study Review on shared delusional disorder : Follie à famille

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Case Study Review on shared delusional disorder : Follie à famille

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The 'Jonaki era' is referred to as the age of Romanticism in Assamese Literature. The renowned pioneers of Assamese romantic novels are Lakshminath Bezbaruah, Padmanath Gohain Baruah and Rajanaikanta Bordoloi. Among all, Bordoloi is regarded as the most significant in Assamese novels. Rajanikanta Bordoloi was a prominent literary figure of Assamese literature. His first novel Miri Jiyori (1894) is an early romantic novel of Assamese literature. The novel Miri Jiyori illustrates the themes of love, passion, emotion, hate, death and tragedy. The novel also celebrates indigenous culture, human life, imagination, emotion and beauty of nature. The influence of significant English Romanticists like William Wordsworth, Oliver Goldsmith is directly evident in the novel Miri Jiyori. This novel is a romance where a young Mishing couple named Jonki and Panei struggle for fulfilling their love. It is a social novel which poignantly represents the culture and ethnicity of Mishing community. This paper will explore the features and elements of Romanticism in terms of themes, literary devices etc. in this select literary work of Assamese literature.

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Romanticism, Assamese literature, personification, aesthetic, love, nature, woman, romance.

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This historical analysis will provide detailed information into the fascinating story of Pithora painting, exploring its origins, development, and cultural significance. By examining the historical context, artistic evolution, and cultural relevance of Pithora painting, we hope to shed light on the importance of preserving this unique art form and the rich cultural heritage it embodies.

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Pithora, Tribal Art, Mythology, Cultural Preservation, Symbolism, Storytelling, Rathwa Bhil

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Sustainability consists of fulfilling the needs of current generations without compromising the needs of future generations. The same thrives on by striking a balance between economic growth, environmental care and social well-being. Brundtland Report defines the concept of Sustainable development as development which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs. This article focuses on the challenges to the sustainability of fisheries due to sea-level rise, acidification and changes in salinity, precipitation, groundwater and river flows, extreme weather events and the issues in livelihoods and economies that depend and circumferences on them. The over exploitation of the oceanic bodies has left the tides of vulnerability with a higher wave of oscillating the survival of oceanic lives. The question of survivability of these voiceless voices to be addressed as prime factor to ensure the confidence in future generations about their sustainability. These threat prone conditions cause the edge of extinction of marine species such as North Atlantic Right Whale, Asian Giant Soft shell Turtle, Porpoises, Bluefin tuna, Sea otters, Manatee and Fur seals. Crimes on aquatics especially on Dolphins, which was declared by Government of India as National Aquatic Animal do occur even after the launch of the Project Dolphin in 2019. The deterioration of marine biodiversity has eventually lead to a situation of endangering not only the pisces of the kingdom Animalia but also declined the richness bestowed on the seas and coasts. The article also lays stress on the aspects of economic contributions by these marine enriched resources. Human activities and consistent intervention such as putting plastic waste in oceans, oil spilling, the catastrophe by cruise ships which dump waste into waters, fill the planet with carbon dioxide, and kill marine wildlife must be termed as unspeakable violence against defenseless creatures. The state and the position of these aqua culture and marine fauna has portrayed the graph of vulnerability at a higher rate. The article further more emphasize on the concept of doctrine of inter-generational equity in owing to Mother Earth and to all succeeding generations to develop and conserve the natural resources thereby preserving these aquatic species. Further about the initiatives taken by the Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Government of India in ensuring the optimal utilizations of the natural resources and living creatures. The article throws light on the dark areas of criminality succumbing the lives of these dumb creatures and the confronting and circumferences the Indian laws. It also bridges the position on India with that of the international territorial scenarios in mitigating the threats towards sustainability in fishing. This article tries to provide a solution by finding ways to attain the go green concept in the aqua blue world with the use of modern technologies. It further upholds the of Right of survival of these species on the mother earth.

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Sustainability, Fisheries, Aqua Species, Marine, Extinction, Criminality.

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With the popularity of wearable devices, along with the development of clouds and cloudlet technology, there has been increasing need to provide better medical care. The processing chain of medical data mainly includes data collection, data storage and data sharing, etc. Traditional healthcare system often requires the delivery of medical data to the cloud, which involves users' sensitive information and causes communication energy consumption. Practically, medical data sharing is a critical and challenging issue. Thus, in this paper, we build up a novel healthcare system by utilizing the flexibility of cloudlet. The functions of cloudlet include privacy protection, data sharing and intrusion detection. In the stage of data collection, we first utilize Number Theory Research Unit (NTRU) method to encrypt user's body data collected by wearable devices. Those data will be transmitted to nearby cloudlet in an energy efficient fashion. Secondly, we present a new trust model to help users to select trustable partners who want to share stored data in the cloudlet. The trust model also helps similar patients to communicate with each other about their diseases. Thirdly, we divide users' medical data stored in remote cloud of hospital into three parts, and give them proper protection. Finally, in order to protect the healthcare system from malicious attacks, we develop a novel collaborative intrusion detection system (IDS) method based on cloudlet mesh, which can effectively prevent the remote healthcare big data cloud from attacks. Our experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

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Privacy Protection, Intrusion Avoidance, Cloudlet Computing, Medical Data Sharing, Healthcare Data Security, Data Encryption, Secure Data Transmission, Access Control, Data Anonymization, Intrusion Detection Systems, Cybersecurity, Data Integrity, Confidentiality, Patient Data Privacy, Secure Cloud Storage, Edge Computing, Data Breach Prevention, Authentication Protocols, Network Security, Distributed Computing.

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Diabetes Mellitus is among critical diseases and lots of people are suffering from this disease. Age, obesity, lack of exercise, hereditary diabetes, living style, bad diet, high blood pressure, etc. can cause Diabetes Mellitus. People having diabetes have high risk of diseases like heart disease, kidney disease, stroke, eye problem, nerve damage, etc. Current practice in hospital is to collect required information for diabetes diagnosis through various tests and appropriate treatment is provided based on diagnosis. Big Data Analytics plays a significant role in healthcare industries. Healthcare industries have large volume databases. Using big data analytics, one can study huge datasets and find hidden information, hidden patterns to discover knowledge from the data and predict outcomes accordingly. In existing method, the classification and prediction accuracy is not so high. In this paper, we have proposed a diabetes prediction model for better classification of diabetes which includes few external factors responsible for diabetes along with regular factors like Glucose, BMI, Age, Insulin, etc. Classification accuracy is boosted with new dataset compared to existing dataset. Further with imposed a pipeline model for diabetes prediction intended towards improving the accuracy of classification.

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Diabetes Prediction, Machine Learning Algorithms, Health Informatics, Predictive Analytics, Data Science, Medical Diagnosis, Clinical Decision Support, Supervised Learning, Classification Algorithms, Regression Analysis, Neural Networks, Random Forest, Support Vector Machines (SVM), Logistic Regression, K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Feature Selection, Data Preprocessing, Model Evaluation, Accuracy Metrics, Healthcare Analytics.

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The majority of people with sickle cell anaemia (SCA), a genetic blood condition, are of African and tribal heritage. Red blood cells with aberrant hemoglobin are present, which gives them a crescent form and makes them more likely to clog blood vessels. Due to the socio- economic constraints, that restricted access to the healthcare, and, in tribal women among those affected by SCA experience particular difficulties in the management and treatment of the disease. This article provides a thorough examination of review articles that concentrate on SCA in tribal women and various types of anaemia. The chosen publications provided information on this population's specific prevalence, clinical symptoms, complications, and management techniques. They also look at how cultural traditions, conventional treatments, and social determinants of health affect the overall well-being of tribal women with SCA. The authors of these review articles stress the importance of implementing health-care interventions that are sympathetic to cultural norms, expanding access to health-care facilities, and raising knowledge about SCA in tribal populations. They also go over the significance of early detection, ongoing observation, and thorough treatment to enhance the quality of life for tribal women with SCA. The articles also discuss the various anaemia's that affect tribal populations, such as thalassemia, iron deficiency anaemia, and other inherited hemoglobin diseases. For these particular kinds of anaemia, they stress the significance of proper diagnosis, suitable therapy, and tailored interventions to reduce complications and enhance outcomes. In conclusion, the evaluated publications shed light on the difficulties faced by tribal women who have SCA and the several forms of anaemia that are common in tribal groups. They contribute to the existing knowledge base and offer recommendations for healthcare profession als, policymakers, and researchers working towards improving the health outcomes of tribal communities affected by SCA and various types of anaemia.

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sickle cell anaemia, anaemia, literature review, counselling, awareness.

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In this chapter, we have discussed the dominator colouring of graphs. This paper has real life applications in traffic signal. The partition of signals with respect to the admin control station can be easily assigned by using domination.

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invariant graph, isomorphic graph, wheel, star coloring

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Abstract Since the time immemorial the emphasis in Indian society in accordance with the dictates of the ancient scriptures has been on the individual's "Kartavya" this is performance of one's duties towards society, the country and especially one's parents. In Hindu system dharma stand for duty it signifies the sum total of religious, moral, social and legal duties. The framers of the Constitution thought that fundamental duties flow from the fundamental rights and the idea that it was the citizen's duties on which were based fundamental freedoms; and fundamental duties would constitute the cornerstone of the arch of the established socio- political order. Fundamental Duties are essential for building a responsible and harmonious society. They guide citizens in their moral and civic obligations, fostering a collective ethos that is vital for the sustained progress and well-being of the nation. Fundamental Duties can be summarized as a set of moral and ethical obligations that citizens are expected to uphold towards a nation. Fundamental Duties are intended to serve as a constant reminder to every citizen that while the Constitution specifically conferred on them certain fundamental rights, it also requires citizens to observe basic norms of democratic conduct and democratic behaviour. This article shades light on the importance of proper enforceability of fundamental duties along with the role of judiciary for the proper implementation of fundamental duties through different enactments. The importance of different enactment is also showing its contribution towards the fulfillment of fundamental duties.

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Keywords: Dharma, Indian Constitution, Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Duties, Democracy

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Abstract: Students must learn English and soft skills in this rapidly globalizing world for successful career opportunities. English knowledge will help open many opportunities for them and will be highly valuable in their future careers. Mastery of the English language and soft skills are critical for management students in today's globalized business environment. However, Tamil-medium students often need help in acquiring these skills, which can hinder their academic and professional success. This study aims to investigate the difficulties Tamil-medium management students encounter in learning English and soft skills and explore effective teaching approaches that can enhance their language acquisition. A mixed-method research design collected data from a sample of Tamil-medium management students and their educators using surveys, interviews, and classroom observations. The study identifies key challenges such as limited exposure to English, cultural and educational background disparities, and psychological barriers including language anxiety and lack of confidence. The research highlights several successful strategies to address these challenges, including using technology-assisted language learning, interactive and student-centered teaching methods, and incorporating extracurricular activities to provide practical language practice. Case studies of institutions implementing innovative approaches are presented, demonstrating significant improvements in students' language proficiency. The findings of this study suggest that a multifaceted approach, combining traditional and modern teaching techniques, can significantly enhance the English language skills of Tamil-medium management students. The study concludes with recommendations for educators and institutions to adopt these strategies to better support their students, and calls for further research to continue improving language education practices in similar contexts.

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Key Words: Challenges, Approaches, Acquisition, Language skill, Soft skill , Tamil Medium Management student

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Abstract The formal sector plays a very important role in the economy of the country. In relation to India almost 70-80% of the workforce is in the informal sector and almost 50% of products are manufactured in the informal sector. Informal sector is a large source of employment especially for women. Women participation in the informal sector is a significant aspect of the Global economy particularly in developing countries. But there is often exploitation of women in the informal sector. For the protection of the labour force in the informal sector a number of schemes have been initiated by the Government of India. The Indian Constitution also makes the provision for the workers. For the protection of women working in the informal sector it is necessary that they must be educated at least at the secondary level so that they would be aware about their rights. Informal sector is very important for the growth of GDP so there is a need to improve the working conditions, working hours and wages of the workers. Informal sector includes a range of economic activities that are not regulated by the government and are often not included in formal labour market statistics. And the labourers in the informal sector are humans; by being human certain rights are given to them without any discrimination of religion, race, sex, caste and creed. Article 21 of the Indian Constitution also provides that everyone has the right to life with dignity and the right to work in a healthy environment. The research paper is focused on the participation of women in the informal sector and the absence of proper laws for the protection and growth of women in the informal sector.

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Keywords: Human Rights, Constitutional Provisions, Government Schemes, Women Empowerment, Formal Sector, Informal Sector.

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This project discusses a Railway track crack detection using sensors and is a dynamic approach which uses the WEB tracking system to send alert WEB messages and the geographical coordinate of location. An Arduino Microcontroller is used to control and coordinate the activities of this device. In India railways transportation service is the cheapest and most convenient mode of passenger transport as well as for long distance and suburban traffic. Almost 80% of the transport in India is being carried out by railway network. The main cause of the accidents happened in railways are railway track crossing and unidentified crack in rail tracks. About 60% accidents are happened at railway track crossing and due to crack in railway tracks resulting in loss of precious life of passengers and loss of economy. Therefore, there is a need to have new technology which will be robust, efficient and stable for both crack detection in railway tracks as well as object detection.

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WEB, Track, Railway crack

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The emergence of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) represents a critical threat to global health, as it poses severe challenges to clinical treatment and infection control. This review explores the genetic basis of carbapenem resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae, elucidating the mechanisms that enable this pathogen to withstand last-resort antibiotics and complicate patient management. Klebsiella pneumoniae, a prominent member of the Enterobacteriaceae family, is responsible for a broad spectrum of nosocomial infections, including urinary tract infections, pneumonia, and sepsis. The increasing prevalence of CRKP, characterized by its resistance to carbapenems such as imipenem, meropenem, and doripenem, underscores the necessity for an in-depth understanding of its genetic determinants and epidemiology. The primary mechanism of carbapenem resistance in K. pneumoniae is the production of carbapenemases, which are ?-lactamase enzymes that hydrolyze carbapenems, rendering them ineffective. This review highlights key resistance genes, including blaKPC, blaNDM, and blaOXA-48-like, each belonging to different Ambler classes of carbapenemases. The blaKPC gene, part of the Ambler class A serine ?-lactamases, is notorious for its global dissemination and significant role in CRKP outbreaks. Meanwhile, blaNDM (New Delhi metallo-?-lactamase), a class B metallo-?-lactamase, further complicates treatment by degrading a wide range of ?-lactams. The blaOXA-48-like genes, classified under Ambler class D oxacillinases, are often associated with multidrug-resistant strains and are a growing concern for healthcare settings. Diagnostic methods for CRKP rely on molecular techniques such as PCR, whole-genome sequencing (WGS), and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), which facilitate the rapid identification and tracking of resistant strains. However, the limitations of current diagnostic capabilities highlight the need for ongoing improvements to ensure timely and accurate detection. In light of limited treatment options, alternative therapeutic strategies have emerged, including novel antibiotics and combination therapies. Ceftazidime-avibactam, aztreonam-avibactam, and fosfomycin present promising alternatives, particularly against carbapenemase-producing isolates. Furthermore, combination therapies utilizing colistin, tigecycline, and other agents show potential in overcoming resistance, though their application requires careful consideration to prevent further resistance development. The development of effective surveillance systems, coupled with strategic interventions, offers hope for controlling the spread of CRKP and ensuring the efficacy of future treatment paradigms.

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Antibiotic resistance, Carbapenem resistance, Resistance gene, Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-Kpn), Carbapenems

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This research study examines the variables and factors affecting young consumers' intentions to make online purchases from social media platforms in Myanmar. The study uses descriptive research to analyze quantitative data from young consumers' in Myanmar, using a random sample of 318 consumers. The study investigates how buying style affects online consumer behavior by using survey questionnaires distributed among online buyers. In Myanmar, young people are a significant component of the online shopping market. The younger generation's use of the Internet presents an opportunity for online retailers and online shopping. This study looks at the variables factors affecting young consumers' intentions to make online purchases from social media sites in Myanmar.

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young consumers', online purchase intentions, social media platforms, purchase intentions, online shopping.

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