Volume 12 | Issue 8

 Abstract

Hypophysation, also known as hypophyseal injection or induced breeding, is a technique used in aquaculture to induce spawning in fish species, including Cyprinus carpio (common carp). This method involves the administration of hormones to stimulate the reproductive system of fish, leading to the release of eggs and sperm. This technique is an artificial induced breeding technique. Cyprinus carpio are induced to spawn by the injection of pituitary extract. Hypophysation is a technique of induced breeding in Cyprinus carpio by injecting pituitary gland extract. In this method the pituitary gland extract is injected into intramuscular/pectoral fin region of fish. The gland stimulates the development of gonads which helps fish to breed. When the pituitary gland of the same species is used, its referred as homoplastic injection method. Induced breeding is practiced in a wide variety of species, with this technique we can produce fish seed in large number in all seasons. With this technique we can produce hybrid varieties of species. This technique shows accurate fertilization (78-85%) and Hatching rate (70-85%) this present study reveals the process engaged in Hypophysation technique.

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Pituitary gland, Cyprinus carpio, Fertilization, Hybrid varieties, Homoplastic

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The paper explores the intricate balance between judicial dignity and free speech within the context of Article 19 (2) of the Indian Constitution, which provides for reasonable restrictions on the right to freedom of speech and expression. It reconnoiters into the legal and philosophical underpinnings of contempt of court, analyzing how this doctrine is employed to uphold the authority and respect of the judiciary while simultaneously scrutinizing its potential to infringe upon the fundamental right to free speech. The treatise begins by outlining the historical evolution of contempt of court laws in India and their foundational objectives. It then examines key judicial pronouncements that have shaped the current legal landscape, highlighting the tensions and reconciliations between preserving judicial dignity and safeguarding free expression. Through a comparative analysis with international practices, the article identifies both the strengths and weaknesses of India's approach to contempt of court. Further, it investigates specific case studies where the judiciary's invocation of contempt powers has sparked public debate and controversy. These instances are analyzed to illustrate the delicate balancing act required to maintain judicial authority without encroaching on democratic freedoms. The role of media, social media, and public opinion in influencing perceptions of contempt and judicial conduct is also explored. The article concludes by proposing potential reforms and guidelines to better harmonize judicial dignity with free speech. It advocates for clearer definitions, procedural safeguards, and a more nuanced application of contempt laws to ensure they are not misused as tools of censorship or oppression. By doing so, the article aims to contribute to the ongoing dialogue on how democratic societies can uphold both robust judicial institutions and vibrant free speech.

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 Keywords

Freedom of Expression; Contempt of Court; Indian Constitution; Art. 19 (2); Judicial authority; Case Law

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India's rapidly increasing urban population combined with its rapidly rising industrialization calls for automobile attractiveness. Street divides are important for the growth of an economy, professions, and nation. India has the second-longest street system on the planet, spanning about 55 lakh kilometers. The majority of streets--98%--are flexible, with the remaining 2% consisting of rigid asphalt. Of total street length, about 40% of streets are unpaved. During stormy seasons, regular bitumen exhibits dissatisfaction and serious problems. To maintain the asphalt surface's utility, bitumen needs to be treated and reinforced. Thus, fiber materials, a nanomaterial, are currently used as an additive to strengthen the asphalt surface and to enhance the asphalt's entry, pliability, and moisture damage the material used as a modifier is able to withstand variations in temperature. As a result, street projects are looking for a modifier that can be used to structure an appropriate Marshall blend for adaptable asphalt in accordance with MoRTH rule. In order to meet this need, VG40 bitumen is used for the development of bituminous solid asphalt with coir fiber and carbon fiber in accordance with the standard suggested in MoRTH, and the influence of coir fiber and carbon fiber over various properties is investigated.

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Coir Fiber, Carbon Fiber, Bitumen Durablity, Marshal Stablity, Flow Value, Void Ratio.

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Responsible tourism means tourism that promotes responsibility to the environment through its sustainable use, responsibility to involve local communities in the tourism industry, responsibility for the safety and security of visitors and responsible govt., employees, employers, unions and local communities. Responsible tourism is a concept that overlaps significantly with concepts of sustainable tourism, ethical tourism, pro poor tourism and integrated tourism, but differs from them in the emphasis it places on the role of business in achieving sustainability. Responsible tourism offers a pragmatic approach to plan and develop tourism in such a way that it could benefit the stake holders at the destination communities. The Kerala declaration on responsible tourism was signed during the international conference on responsible tourism, held at Kochi. This paper focus on the impact of responsible tourism in Kumbalangi,,the first model tourism Village at a glance.

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Responsible tourism, sustainable management, village life experience

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Breast engorgement is a painful condition affecting large numbers of women in the early postpartum period. It may lead to premature weaning, cracked nipples, mastitis and breast abscess. Various forms of treatment for engorgement have been studied but so far little evidence has been found on an effective intervention. The study conducted on 40 sample Convenient technique is used for data collection.

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Breast Engorgement, Primi gravida, Primi Post natal Mother.

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The "AI-Powered Image Caption Generator Using Google's Gemini 1.5 Pro" project aims to leverage advanced generative AI to automate the process of generating descriptive captions for images. By utilizing Google's Gemini 1.5 Pro model, integrated with a user-friendly Streamlit interface, this application provides an innovative solution for creating textual descriptions of visual content. Users can upload images through the application, which are then processed by the Gemini 1.5 Pro model to generate accurate and contextually relevant captions. The project focuses on combining state-of-the-art AI capabilities with practical usability. The integration with Google's generative AI ensures high-quality captioning, while Streamlit provides an accessible platform for users to interact with the AI model seamlessly. Additionally, the application includes a text-to-speech feature that converts generated captions into audio, enhancing accessibility and user experience. This project showcases the potential of generative AI in image understanding and natural language processing, demonstrating a significant step towards more intelligent and interactive multimedia applications. It is designed to serve a variety of use cases, including content creation, digital marketing, and accessibility solutions for visually impaired users.

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Generative AI, Image Captioning, Google Gemini 1.5 pro, Computer Vision

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India is predominantly an agrarian country, meaning that agriculture has a big impact on the nation's economy and people's quality of life. The majority of Indian farmers deal with the similar problem of choosing the wrong crop for their land in compliance with environmental regulations. They will thus witness a significant drop in their overall production. In order to address this issue, crop recommendations are made taking into account soil, weather, humidity, rainfall, and other geographical elements that are important in determining the amount and quality of crops that may be produced. Therefore, the goal of our research is to evaluate each of these variables, match them to the specifications needed for each crop, and give farmers the best choice available.As a result, crop selection errors are reduced and production is raised. In order to accomplish our goal, we will employ an ensemble model with a majority voting technique that employs Decision Tree, Logistic Regression, Naive Bayes, CNN, Random Forest (RF), and Extreme Gradient (XG) Boost as learners to highly accurately and efficiently recommend a crop for the site-specific parameters.

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Fuzzy Algorithm, CNN, Random Forest, XG Boost, Decision Tree, and Recommendation System

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It is crucial to emphasize the significance of taking precautionary measures to mitigate potential risks, especially in situations where the passage of time may lead to increased hazards. In light of the investigative work conducted at Karnal, Haryana, it is imperative to assess the knowledge and adherence of staff nurses to established infection prevention protocols in order to enhance post-operative outcomes and minimize gynaecological complications. The research employed a quantitative study approach with a descriptive research design, encompassing a total enumerative sampling of 40 nurses working in gynaecological wards. The findings revealed that the respondents demonstrated a mean percentage of 48% with a standard deviation of 3.04 in terms of knowledge regarding infection prevention, and a mean percentage of 54% with a standard deviation of 3.23 in relation to practice. Furthermore, a moderately positive correlation ('r' value of 0.67) was identified between the knowledge and practice scores of staff nurses concerning infection prevention during procedures. The results indicated insufficient knowledge and suboptimal practice among staff nurses with regard to infection prevention in gynaecological wards, establishing a moderately positive correlation between their knowledge and practice.

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Knowledge, Practice, Staff nurses, prevention of infection, procedures in operation theatres, maternity hospital.

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This study aimed to develop and optimize Oro-Dispersible Tablets (ODTs) of Bilastine, a second-generation antihistamine, using Cotton Candy (CC) and Direct Compression (DC) methods. Bilastine ODTs were formulated with varying concentrations of superdisintegrants, sweeteners and lubricants. The CC method utilized a novel approach of incorporating Bilastine into partially recrystallised granules prepared from cotton candy fibers, while the DC method employed a conventional tableting process. Formulations were evaluated for disintegration time, wetting time, hardness, friability, and in vitro drug release. Optimization was achieved through a Design of Experiments (DoE) by using Central Composite Design (CCD) approach, resulting in ODTs with disintegration times of < 30 seconds and drug release > 90% in 10 minutes. The generated batches were prepared and evaluated. The BLS6 was given as the best batch by the design expert software using central composite design (CCD). In-vitro drug release of the optimized formulation (BLS6) was obtained 98.83 % in 10 min and disintegration time within 13.00 seconds. Characterization studies revealed that CC-ODTs exhibited faster disintegration and superior drug release profiles. These findings demonstrate the potential of Cotton Candy technology in developing rapid-disintegrating, high-performance ODTs of Bilastine, offering improved patient compliance and therapeutic outcomes.

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Oro-Dispersible Tablets, Bilastine, Cotton Candy, Direct Compression, Superdisintegrants, Design of Experiments.

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ABSTRACT Present paper analyses the Urban local government is the responsibility of the department of local self- government in the state. At the state level a number of department deals with subjects which are the direct concern of the urban government. In addition to the department of local self-government the functional departments in the secretariat administer the various components of urban development. Thus water supply, drainage and sewerage, road construction, land acquisition and development, housing and slum clearance, etc. are being dealt with by respective functional departments.

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Keywords: Urban Development Agency, Bureaucratic interference, political interference, financial autonomy.

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 Abstract

Bharat me audyogik viaksh ka mahatva avm samsya

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Bharat me audyogik viaksh ka mahatva avm samsya

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Art and culture both are important for integrating in education because these create a cooperative nature among the students. Not only bookish knowledge is helpful for the students but also through this art and culture students can conduct the education with the real life experience. Through integrating art in the education system students can build their critical thinking skills. They can relate their education with the practical life situation. And culture also helps the students for improving their social interaction, how to behave with their family members how to behave with their parents, how to behave with their peer groups and siblings and also how to behave with the social people. Education with art and culture helps students explore their emotions, encouraging empathy and emotional intelligence. By expressing themselves through various art forms, students learn to understand and respect diverse perspectives, fostering tolerance and harmony in society.

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Creativity, Real life experience, Imagination, Problem Solving Skill, Art and Culture, Society, Social Behavior, Values and Norms, innovation, holistic development.

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The hazard analysis and management are vital in textile industry to avoid losing customers and wasting resources caused by the failures in production systems. Risk analysis is also very significant to decrease possible hazards and to avoid possible damage in production systems. In this study, an approach based on Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) and Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) is proposed to analyze the ring spinning yarn production process in a textile industry. First, the possible hazards in the production line, yarn production system, in an integrated company operating in the textile sector are analyzed by FTA method. Then, FMEA is applied to ring spinning yarn production process in a textile industry to rank all possible risks corresponding to hazards in descending order with respect to both occupational health and safety. It is very important to remove all possible hazards in textile industry to decrease the number of risks related to occupational health and safety. Therefore, in total of 57 hazard root causes are determined in the yarn production department. Subsequently, the faults related to the hazard root causes are examined by FTA and then risk corresponding to these hazards are prioritized by FMEA. The results obtained from the proposed FTA-FMEA approach show that decision makers and engineers can easily decrease the number of hazards and risks with respect to both occupational health and safety in practice.

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Safety, Failure Mode and Effects Analysis, Hazard and Risk Assessment.

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The study focusses on the preclinical development of anxiolytic herbal drug Gotu Kola, which is used as an anxiolytic. The drug's anxiolytic activity was tested on wrister albino rats, following module 4 of the CTD. Animal experiments were conducted, including open field tests, elevated plus maze tests, and light and dark apparatus tests. Dopamine and acetylcholine esterase estimation were performed. Results showed that a single dose of Gotu Kola and a combined dose of caffeine and Gotu Kola alleviate anxiety. Similar effects were observed in the elevated plus maze test and open field test. Mandhukhpqrni and it's combination with caffeine effects in open field test. Combined administration increases the acetylcholine esterase and dopamine level in brain. The study adheres to regulatory authorities' rules and regulations.

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Gotu kola , Preclinical study, CTD

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Abstract: This research looks at how well blue-chip mutual funds perform in the banking industry. It focuses on risk-return trade-offs and performance evaluation utilizing metrics including Jensen's Alpha, Treynor Ratio, and Sharpe Ratio. Three years' worth of data are included in the investigation, which includes major mutual funds like SBI, Canara, Kotak, and others. The results show that annual returns fluctuate, showing positive returns during times of good market circumstances and negative returns during difficult times. Since volatility differs throughout funds, it is crucial to take risk into account while making investment decisions. While risk-adjusted performance indicators provide information about the effectiveness of fund management strategies, beta values show market sensitivity. Investors are given recommendations that prioritize risk-adjusted returns, diversity, and well-informed decision-making.

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Blue chip mutual funds, Banking sector, Risk-return trade-off, Performance analysis

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Amidst a global economic downturn, the Indian economy stands out as a more promising prospect. The Indian government has committed to improving the ease of doing business, promoting market integrity, and expanding corporate governance, which has boosted investor and stakeholder confidence. Achieving these objectives requires good governance and strong frameworks. Corporate governance is gaining momentum in India due to past failures, unethical practices, and insufficient disclosures. In recent years, the frequency, intensity, and magnitude of corporate governance failures have increased. India has seen examples of entities with good and bad corporate governance, including Kingfisher Airlines, Jet Airways, Punjab National Bank, DHFL, PMC Bank, Infrastructure Leasing & Financial Services (IL&FS), Rotomac Bank Fraud, and Videocon-ICICI Bank. The Companies Act 2013 has given Independent Directors more power and responsibility, making them responsible for any shortcomings in corporate governance. Independent Directors play an active role in various committees to ensure good governance and protect the interests of all stakeholders. This article, based on secondary data and the Company Auditor's Report Order (CARO), highlights the key areas where an Independent Director can play a proactive role in sensing early warning signs, detecting them in advance, taking preventive measures, and mitigating risks that may arise. In recent corporate frauds, analysing the roles of Independent Directors has revealed that they either did not play their role effectively, were not aware of the issues, or could not read the early warning signs properly. Author through this article has emphasised on the key areas which are to be watched carefully and Independent Directors can sense reflags from there. If they are proactive and keep their eyes open and regularly track these areas they can avoid certain frauds. This article will help directors to be more aware abut the key areas and how to use these indicators to avoid fraud in their organization.

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Independent Directors, Red Flags, Watch Dog Fraud, Early Warning Signs

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Nowadays, almost all organizations focus on adopting cloud computing approaches for Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Integrating IoT devices with cloud computing technology is considered an effective method for storing and managing the enormous amount of data generated by various devices. However, ensuring the security of big data within these organizations presents a challenge in the IoT-cloud architecture. To address security concerns, we propose a cloud-enabled IoT environment supported by multifactor authentication and lightweight cryptographic encryption schemes to protect the big data system. The proposed hybrid cloud environment aims to secure organizations' data in a highly secure manner. This hybrid cloud environment combines private and public clouds. In this setup, we encrypt the data using AES, and the cloud provides additional security. Users who request access to a file must obtain a decryption key from a Trusted Authority (TA). Only those who receive keys from the TA can decrypt the file and access it in its original form. The performance of the proposed architecture is evaluated using metrics such as computational time, security strength, encryption time, and decryption time.

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Cloud Computing, Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data Security, Multifactor Authentication, Lightweight Cryptography, AES Encryption, Hybrid Cloud Environment, Private Cloud, Public Cloud, Trusted Authority (TA), Data Encryption, Data Decryption, Computational Time, Security Strength, Encryption Time, Decryption Time.

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Abstract Education is an important aspect for everyone's development. It helps in all round development of an individual. It opens various opportunities in life. Similarly mathematics education is important for everyone as it is more closely to our daily life as compared to other subjects. Mathematics is so valuable, important, psychologically based and so closely connected with our day to day life, justified to be included in school curriculum. A sighted person acquire around 80-85% of information through vision. In case of visual disabilities (divyangjan) it is not so, they face various kinds of difficulties in acquiring information from their environment. They use their remaining senses to get information from their surroundings. They use multi-sensory approach to learn their subjects. Their teachers should make them to learn converting visual ideas to non-visual information through multi-sensory approach. Mathematics is a subject which has its own language, symbols, full of pictorial representations, abstract nature, and graphs/ diagrams etc.. The nature of mathematics itself is a barrier for students with visual disabilities. To make the student with visual disabilities to understand the concept, Nemeth Braille Code plays major role to access Mathematics. Adequate and effective use of Nemeth Braille Code can overcome the hurdles in mathematics education among students with visual disabilities. They can learn almost each and every mathematical concepts by using this Code. This paper gives an overview of Nemeth Braille Code in getting mathematics education among students with visual disabilities.

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Key words: Mathematics, Student with Visual disabilities, Nemeth Braille Code, Divyangjan

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This abstract presents an encryption and decryption algorithm employing an algebraic matrix approach. The method utilizes matrix operations, including multiplication and inversion, to enhance security. By integrating algebraic structures into the encryption process, the algorithm aims to provide robust protection against unauthorized access. The abstract explores the theoretical foundations, algorithmic design, and potential applications of this cyclic square matrix-based encryption approach. Evaluation of the algorithm's efficiency and security in comparison to traditional methods is also discussed. Cryptographic algorithms provide security of data against attacks during encryption and decryption. However, they are computationally intensive process which consume large amount of CPU time and space at time encryption and decryption. The proposed algorithm is simple but difficult to break the process.

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matrix operations, ensuring secure communication, matrix multiplication, matrix inversion, key generation, and cryptographic algorithm

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This article explores the development of women's medical education in India, focusing on the establishment of a pioneering institution in Lucknow. Historically, Indian medicine was dominated by Ayurveda, with the practice largely restricted to upper-caste Vaids, while women were confined to domestic roles. The introduction of Unani, Siddha, and Western medicine brought new dynamics to the field, with Western medicine quickly gaining institutional support and popularity. This shift created new opportunities for women, leading to increased demand for female medical professionals. The article specifically examines the efforts to establish a medical college for women in Lucknow. Despite existing hospitals dedicated to Western medicine, none offered medical education, forcing female students to travel to distant cities. Recognizing the need for local education, the Taluqdars of Awadh championed the creation of a medical college, with a proposal for a women's branch gaining traction. Raja Tasadduq Rasul Khan's generous donation facilitated this initiative, and the foundation stone for the King George Medical College was laid in 1905. However, progress on the women's branch lagged behind the main college. Financial and planning challenges delayed its establishment until 1909, when detailed plans for a female medical college, including a hostel, were finalized. By 1932, Queen Mary's Hospital for Women and Children was inaugurated, marking a significant milestone in advancing women's medical education and professional opportunities in the region.

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 Keywords

Women, Medicine, Lucknow, Education, Taluqdars.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition