Volume 12 | Issue 8

 Abstract

Glaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible blindness, is characterized by progressive damage to the optic nerve, often linked to elevated intraocular pressure. Early and accurate detection is crucial for effective management and prevention of vision loss. This study presents a deep learning approach for glaucoma detection using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), a powerful class of neural networks adept at analyzing visual data. The proposed method employs a deep CNN architecture to classify retinal fundus images into glaucoma and non-glaucoma categories. The CNN is trained on a dataset consisting of annotated retinal images, leveraging advanced techniques in data augmentation and transfer learning to enhance model robustness and accuracy. Performance metrics, including accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score, are evaluated to assess the effectiveness of the model. The results demonstrate a promising potential for CNN-based systems in the early detection of glaucoma, offering a significant step towards automated and reliable ophthalmic diagnostics

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Glaucoma detection, Deep learning, Neural networks, CNN algorithm, Image processing, Optic nerve, Retinal fundus images

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In this paper, I have examined the status of Indian women when India celebrates its 75th independence anniversary. India gained independence from Great Britain in 1947; however, not all the population gained equality. Women in a newly independent India continue to be subjects of subservient and domestic roles, and this social role continues into the 21st century. Women of India got the right to vote, and gradually improvements were made in various areas that led to the well-being of women within the society. The formulation of many programs and schemes aimed to bring progress to women. The main aspects that promote women's empowerment are encouraging them to acquire education and participate in employment. However, despite these initiatives, some rural communities still regard women as subordinate to men, which is subject to analysis. This paper stresses the need for sustained efforts to increase the involvement of women to remove socio-cultural barriers, stereotypical attitudes, and violence against women for creating a gender-balanced society.

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Women, Empowerment, Independence, Status, Right to Vote

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This paper presents an approach to design a low cost 3-lead ECG and analysis of the recorded ECG signal for Cardiac Arrhythmia diagnosis. The signals will be recorded through three ECG leads placed at different locations of the body, viz. RA (Right Arm), LA (Left Arm) & LL (Left Leg), and the acquired signal will be amplified and filtered using AD8232 bio-potential signal conditioning module. The processed signal will be then interfaced with a GUI created in LABVIEW, which will analyze the heart rate and check if the condition of Arrhythmia (Tachycardia or Bradycardia) is present or not.

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ECG, GUI, LABVIEW, Tachycardia, Arrhythmia, Bradycardia

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Aegle marmelos (L) is an important plant with various medicinal values.It is commonly known as Bael or (Bel), a wooden apple and bilva pant. It belonging to the family Rutaceae. The bael tree considerd as a sacred tree by the Hindus offer its leaves to Lord Shiva during worship the essence of its fruits and leaves possess an evaporating oil which is good for human system. It contains various bioactive components in leaves, fruits, flowers,wood,root,and bark which have different biological activities and high therapeutic importance.Uses of bael in day to day life has great nutritional,environmental and commercial importance. Aegle marmelos used in preparation of summer drinks, which helps to overcom sunstrokes.It use as formulation of Ayurvedic medicin for loss of appetite. It have many properties that are analgesic,anti-inflammatory,antibacterial,antiviral,antioxidant properties. A marmelos leaves gives relief from recureent cold and respiratory infections. Aegle marmelos cultivated in to southeast Asia, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Srilanka and Nepal. It include various phytochemical substances alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, coumarins, saponins, carbohydrates, carotenoids, terpenoids, vitamins. The main phytochemical compounds isolated from A. marmelos plant are aegelenine, fragrine, halfordinol, marmelide, marmelosin, marmesin, marmin, psoralen, umbelliferone, limonene, rutin, skimmaianine, lupeol, querectine, esculectin, scopolectin, auraptene, seseline, etc.

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Aegle marmelos, phytochemical constitutents, Ehonobotinical uses, Pharmacological activites

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In the era of rapid transactional digital transformation, we are now equipped with high-speed internet facilities embodied with dynamic technology. Now a days, surprisingly technology has not biased anyone in terms of literacy casing different levels of education. The digitalization and digital revolution have transformed and is offering unprecedented opportunities for empowering sustainability. Even in the field of education, teaching fraternity and students have witnessed a digital transformation of offline teaching methodology to online teaching methodology. However, this era of digitalization also brings forth significant challenges after adopting new advances in technological improvements particularly regarding digital wellness. This cross-sectional study explores the intersection of digital revolution, digital wellness and factors affecting empowering sustainability, urgent call attention to an extensive need for a balanced approach to harness the benefits of dynamic & vibrant technology and mitigating adverse effects on well-being and welfare and the environment. After studying, examining and analyzing researches, trends, and best practices done on digital wellness in past and today's era, the objective and aim of this research paper focus majorly on key areas affecting and strategies for promoting digital wellness in the pursuit and inclination towards sustainable development. This research paper will try to emphasize on usage of mindful technology to ethical design principles and environmental considerations, this review offers insights to guide individuals, organizations, and policymakers in navigating the complexities of the digital age while fostering well-being and preserving our planet for future generations.

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Digital Wellness, Digitalization, Environmental considerations, Sustainability, Sustainable future

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ABSTRACT The present research paper investigates the association of self efficacy and the locus of control in the management and self care of type 2 diabetic patients. In India, there are estimated 77 million people above the age of 18 years are suffering from diabetes (type 2) and nearly 25 million are pre-diabetics (at a higher risk of developing diabetes in near future). More than 50% of people are unaware of their diabetic status which leads to health complications if not detected and treated early (World Health Organization Report, 2024). In addition to physiological effects of diabetic on health, the psychological burden of this disease is substantial and quality of life can be markedly reduced in affected people (Bradley & Speight, 2002; & Peyrot, 2001). This research paper will try to attempt to predict and improve diabetes self care and management is become increasingly important to optimize patient glycemia control to delay or prevent long term ill consequences of diabetes. Researches in this field show that adults with diabetes have a two- to three-fold increased risk of heart attacks and strokes. Combined with reduced blood flow, neuropathy (nerve damage) in the feet increases the chance of foot ulcers, infection, and the eventual need for limb amputation. Diabetic retinopathy is an important cause of blindness and occurs as a result of long-term accumulated damage to the small blood vessels in the retina. Diabetes is among the leading causes of kidney failure. Type 2 diabetes is primarily a self managed disease as treatment relies heavily on self care and self management skills (Song, 2010). Diabetes required lifelong adherence to demanding and often complex self care regimens, as well as major lifestyle changes. Recent research studies have shown that diabetic education and adherence to self care behavior improves health outcomes. In this paper 200 participants of Chhattisgarh state have taken from private clinics and hospital that are coming for their routine checkup. Relevant information regarding diabetes and other illness associated with this disease has taken. For collecting data behavior chance self efficacy, locus of control, confidence in diabetes self care scale and measure of diabetes self care behavior scale was used. For analyzing descriptive statistics and Multiple Regression Analysis was used. The result of the study reveals a significant role of self efficacy and locus of control in predicting diabetes self health care behavior. This finding may be crucial for health care professional, dietician and diabetes educators to determine an approach for assessing individuals with diabetes not only with initiating self care behavior, but also maintaining that behavior change.

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Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Self efficacy, Perceived control, Diabetes self care, confidence in diabetes self care

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A laboratory trial was conducted during two years of 2018 and 2019 at College of Agricultural Information Technology, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat to study the effect of magnetic field on germination and seedlings growth of onion. The samples were exposed with three levels of static magnetic field intensities of 20, 40 and 60 mT having 15, 30 and 60 minutes of exposure time. The seed of onion variety "GAWO 2" was taken for this experiment. From the experimental results, it was found that the exposure of magnetic field increased the germination rate, seedling fresh and dry weight, root and shoot length as well as seedling vigour as compared to no exposure. However, exposure of 20 mT magnetic field applied to the onion seeds for 60 minutes was recorded significantly higher germination percentage, seedling fresh weight, dry weight, root and shoot length and seedling vigour index I and vigour index II.

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Static Magnetic field, germination percentage, seedling vigour index I and II.

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Role of Agriculture in Economic Development of Marathwada

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Role of Agriculture in Economic Development of Marathwada

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Abstract India is a developing country. The developing country is facing problem of unemployment. The major problem of India is underemployment. The reason behind it is underdeveloped secondary sector which is sector of 'employment creation' in the economy. The reason for rural unemployment and urban unemployment are different. In rural unemployment, reason is increasing population, insufficient capitals, seasonal nature of agriculture occupation, lack of skill. The causes of urban unemployment are migration from rural area, more supply of labour, lack of suitable job, new capital-intensive sector. The India is facing such level of unemployment which was never seen in last 45 years that is 6.2 % of unemployment rate. The recent pandemic has largely affected the employment situation in the country. The government has taken various steps in the past to tackle it such as Kaushal Vikas Yojana, MANREGA, Garib Kalyan Yojana and so on. We can also learn a lot of from country like China which is most populous country of the world but also a 'manufacturing hub 'of the world. The government should focus on skill development, adopt population control measure, more industries should be developed, skill enhancement, small and medium enterprises should be encouraged and so on. Present employment scenario As we notice the current employment scenario in India of December 2021, there are around 53 million unemployed people. Among those, 35 million are actively seeking work. And 17 million people are willing but are not actively seeking.

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Keywords :- Unemployment, Employment, job Skills, workforce, economy, industry, government etc.

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Climate change is having an increasingly major economic impact on industries, markets, and communities around the world. This research investigates the most current economic effects of climate change and their implications for management strategies. It emphasizes the problems posed by climate-related financial risks, operational interruptions, regulatory demands, and changing stakeholder expectations. Recognizing these limitations, the study advocates for the incorporation of climate change education within management programs. Sustainability, risk management, and corporate social responsibility (CSR) are all key educational components. The report uses case studies and best practices to highlight how present and future managers can effectively solve climate-related economic concerns. Finally, the study underlines the significance of preparing future corporate leaders with the information and abilities needed to manage a fast changing economic landscape influenced by climate change.

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Financial Risks,Economic Impact

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Prastut mein shodharthi ne Yog AVN yogabhyas se Parichay karvaya Hai Yog Vidya Ek Aisi Vidya Hai Jiska prayojan manushya ke sharirik mansik baudhik bhavnaon mein aadhyatmik Vikas karna hai Yog aadhunik Yug ki uttejit paristhitiyan se utpann chunautiyon Se Takkar Lene Ki kshamta Rakhta hai yogabhyas ki visheshtaen yah hai ki yogabhyas manushya ki kshamtaon V abhi kshamtaon ko sunishchit kar Aakar grahan karne yogya banati hai shaktiyon ka bhi Vikas Hota Hai hi ekmatra aisa strot hai jo manushya ko Jivan Jeene Ki Kala sikhata Hai yoga utpati ke pakshat Yog ke samkalin sandrbh mein iski Matra ki or Badhe vidyarthiyon sahit sabhi ke liye aatmbodh AVN Jagriti karne Hetu yogya sarvottam Labh ke Vishay Mein Charcha ki gai hai manushya ke sharirik mansik Samajik AVN

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Yog AVN Yog Abhyas

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Behavioral finance integrates psychology and financial theory to understand the interplay between markets, emotions, personality, and rational decision-making. Today's highly diversified financial services sector presents investors with a vast array of investment options. Individual investors exhibit diverse preferences when selecting investment avenues. Effective investment strategies and financial planning can enhance personal wealth, thereby contributing to broader economic growth. Economic growth is a cornerstone of improved quality of life. Income, savings, and investment are key indicators of economic expansion. This paper systematically examines global literature to analyze investor behavior. Through an interpretive approach, we scrutinize study objectives, samples, methodologies, and findings. This research establishes a solid conceptual framework by meticulously evaluating experimental studies on investor behavior across different countries. Our analysis reveals that multiple factors influence an investor's decision to save and invest.

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Behavioural Finance, Financial Planning, Investor behavior, Investment Strategies, Personal Wealth.

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The study aimed to identify the effect of using Jigsaw method in teaching commerce compared to the traditional way. The study sample consisted of 80 rural and urban students, divided into two groups: experimental and control where the students of the experimental group studied through the Jigsaw strategy and the students of the control group studied the same units in the traditional way. An achievement test was developed in the mentioned units of commerce to measure the extent of the acquisition of scientific concepts, which had sufficient validity and reliability. The test was applied on the study sample and the appropriate statistical analyses were conducted. The results indicated that there was statistically analysis. The researcher recommended the adoption of the teaching method by using the Jigsaw strategy in teaching commerce because of its effect on the acquisition of commerce concepts.

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Effectiveness, jigsaw method, Higher Secondary level

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BACKGROUND: Leiomyoma of the uterus forms the most common type of benign tumour of the uterus and also most common pelvic tumour in women. The symptomatology continues to be variable. Surgery has for long been the main mode of therapy for the myomas. For women who wish to retain their uterus for future pregnancies or other reasons myomectomy is known. OBJECTIVE: To analyse the clinico pathological spectrum in cases of Leiomyoma of the uterus in MVJ Medical College & Research Hospital to know the pattern of presentation, pathological co relation with type of fibroid and endometrial and ovarian changes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A clinical study of 200 cases of fibroid uterus was made in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, MVJ Medical College & Research Hospital, Hoskote. The cases were selected by random allocation and detailed examination, clinical examination and investigations were made. RESULTS: Leiomyomas are most commonly seen in the women of child bearing age, most commonly occurring in the 3rd decade (58%) and in multiparous women (91%). Among the fibroids, 97% were in the body & 3% were cervical region. The intramural fibroids were the commonest variety comprising about 63% of the cases. The histopathological pattern showed proliferative endometrial in 69%, secretary changes in 10%, endometrial hyperplasia in 5% cases, cystic glandular hypertrophy in 3%, atrophic endometrium in 7% cases. Associated findings were adenomyosis in 13%, chronic cervicitis in 82%, endometriosis in 3% and PID in 7% of the cases. CONCLUSION: Leiomyoma is the most common uterine tumour seen in gynaecological practice. Menstrual disturbances are the commonest symptom of which menorrhagia is the most common presentation. Most of these tumours are intramural in location. Proper diagnosis and timely management are essential to avoid complications of these tumours.

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Fibroid ,Pathological changes, Leiomyoma, Myometrium, Hysterectomy, Myomectomy

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INTRODUCTION: Incidence of non neoplastic and neoplastic lesions vary according to different age groups. Early recognition of infections and inflammatory lesions can prevent considerable damage to FGT organs. It also helps to decrease morbidity and mortality. So the current study, is to provide a specific diagnosis based upon the histomorphological study which is of paramount clinical significance in further management of the patient. Despite the new techniques in imaging and genetics, the diagnosis of FGT lesions is primarily dependent upon histological examination. METHOD: The present study "HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF SPECTRUM OF NON- NEOPLASTIC FEMALE GENITAL TRACT LESIONS AT TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL" was conducted in our institution. All specimens of FGT; including Hysterectomy with unilateral or bilateral salpingo- oophorectomy, endocervical & Endometrial biopsies and biopsies from vulva and vagina received in the histopathology department were studied. RESULT: A 1 year study was performed to study histopathological evaluation of non neoplastic lesions of FGT in a tertiary care hospital. A total 172 cases of FGT were received of which 317 specimens were examined. Out of 317 specimens, 243 non- neoplastic lesions were identified histopathologically. Out of 243 non neoplastic lesions, majority of the patients who formed a part of this study were in the 5th decade of life ( 94 cases). Out of total 243 cases of non neoplastic lesions, we encountered maximum lesions of uterus: cervix [124 cases(51.02%)], followed by fallopian tube [46 cases(18.93%)], ovary [43 cases(17.69%)],uterus: corpus [23 cases(9.46%)] and vagina [1 case (0.44%)]. CONCLUSION: ? Chronic cervicitis was the most common lesion seen in uterus:cervix. ? Adenomyosis was found to be the most common non neoplastic lesion of uterus:corpus. ? In the fallopian tube, most common non neoplastic lesion encountered was tubal ectopic pregnancy. ? The most common ovarian non neoplastic lesion in our study was follicular cyst. There were a minimum number of lesions seen in vulva and vagina.

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Non-neoplastic lesions, Female genital tract

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In order to maintain the health and strength of a healthy and strong individual, proper diet, fresh air, sunshine, etc. play a very important role. Exercise is one among these where the body becomes strong and resistant when it is done in proper manner and in adequate quantity. In today's era it has been observed that around 75% of the diseases are driven by Life style factors like diet and lack or improper exercise. People can be free from lifestyle ailments if they follow daily regimens mentioned in ancient classics. Proper Exercise should be practiced in such a manner as to bring all the muscles into action. The overall metabolism of the body can be improved by a regular practise of proper exercises. In order to assess overall health condition of the willing people, a survey was conducted through google form by post graduate Scholars from Department of Swasthavritta, Institute of Teaching and Research in Ayurveda (ITRA), Jamnagar among general public related to lifestyle and the voluntarily participating persons were asked a set of questions related to their day today activities like diet, sleep, exercise, somatic and psychosomatic disorders etc. to be answered mandatorily. Total 472 responses were recorded in a stipulated time. This survey covered exercise pattern, form and duration of exercises etc. dimensions. It was observed that due to lack of proper exercise, there was higher prevalence of disorders like Obesity, Hypertension, Diabetes, Stress, Anxiety, Depression, Sleep disturbances etc. Out of 472, 84 individuals never practiced any exercise and among these, 64 individuals were suffering from Life Style Disorders. Despite of 387 individuals practicing exercise, 223 were suffering from Life Style Disorders. The full paper describes the details of the study and its relevance with the role of proper exercise in preventing Life Style Disorders.

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Exercise, Dinacharya, Vyayama, Survey study, Lifestyle disorders

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This research paper delves into the multifaceted strategies that have propelled Samsung to the forefront of the global market. Samsung's remarkable journey from a modest trading company to a technological behemoth is examined through the lens of its relentless pursuit of innovation and strategic market maneuvers. Samsung's ascent as a global technology leader is not merely a testament to its technological prowess but also to its strategic acumen and relentless commitment to innovation. The paper explores Samsung's extensive Research and Development (R&D) initiatives, which have been pivotal in fostering a culture of innovation, leading to groundbreaking advancements in consumer electronics, smartphones, and semiconductors. A comprehensive market analysis highlights Samsung's global presence, competitive landscape, and market share dynamics, shedding light on how the company maintains its competitive edge. The study also investigates Samsung's strategic approaches, including business strategies, product diversification, and robust branding and marketing efforts, which collectively reinforce its market dominance. Through detailed case studies of flagship products, the paper illustrates how innovation and strategic execution have translated into commercial success. The analysis extends to the challenges Samsung faces, such as market saturation and technological disruptions, and the company's adept responses to these hurdles. The paper proceeds to offer an overview of global entrepreneurship trends, identifying key driving factors and challenges encountered by entrepreneurs on a global scale. Furthermore, the impact of technological innovation on Samsung's financial performance, consumer perception, and industry influence is assessed. Looking ahead, the paper discusses emerging technologies and future market trends, providing insights into Samsung's strategic plans for sustaining its market leadership. This study concludes with recommendations for leveraging innovation to maintain competitive advantage, offering a holistic view of Samsung's strategic blueprint for continued market dominance. The findings underscore the critical role of innovation in driving success in the highly competitive technology sector.

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Samsung Innovation, Semiconductor Technology, Strategic Approaches, Brand Loyalty, Marketing Strategy, Market Dominance, Internet of Things (IoT)

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The term visuo perceptual ability is a component of visual perception. It enables recognition of objects by their form, pattern, and colour. Moreover the term implies, as the ability to see & organize, (understand) interpret to make sense. This sense is a complex combination & needs to be coordinated with functional abilities like movement & processing information. Visual perceptual skills rely on the brain's cognitive abilities. In school going children, it's essential for reading, writing, spatial awareness in daily life task, playground activities, size awareness and to all MATHEMATICAL knowledge. This ensures that visual perception and mathematical learning deficits are addressed holistically, leading to better outcomes in both academic and functional domains. The study is done with primary school children of age less than ten years. Totally hundred students were assessed using visual perceptual aspect test (VPAT). Then study sample of 25 students, were selected, made as single group based on the inclusion criteria. They received brainteasers activities as therapy. This skill is correlated with maths learning ability by the evidence from, Visuo-Spatial Working Memory and Mathematical Skills in Children by Mammarella & Angelelli 2023.

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visual perception, VPAT, School going children, maths knowledge, Brain teaser activity

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Background: The market for herbal, herbo-mineral and traditional medicine has expanded rapidly during the past few decades. Lack of information regarding the stability and shelf life of traditional medicines is the primary obstacle to their widespread use. In order to observe the stability of Lodhradi Lepa against microbial contamination of sample prepared and stored in various climatic conditions and temperatures, the current investigation was conducted. Aim: To study the stability of Lodhradi Lepa and inspect microbial contamination in the finished product at different time intervals and at different climatic conditions (different temperature and humidity set ups). Materials and Methods: Samples of Lodhradi Lepa were studied to inspect microbial contamination at different climatic conditions. The study was conducted at Microbiology Laboratory, Institute of Teaching and Research in Ayurveda (ITRA), Jamnagar, Gujarat, India. Observations & Results: The initial microbiological study of Lodhradi Lepa was carried out on the thirtieth day if its preparation. Further studies were carried out at regular time intervals up to 215 days. Conclusion: In microbiological study of Lodhradi Lepa, growth of microorganisms either bacterial or fungal was not found till 215 days from the date of preparation, which shows its intact stability and good shelf life.

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Stability, Microbial profile, Lodhradi Lepa, Climatic conditions

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Due to the high-risk nature of construction work, having a comprehensive construction safety management plan is essential. Construction safety management is the formal process that details how safety plans are rolled out within the company. Using a construction SMS can help companies reduce accidents, improve insurability, and increase productivity across teams. While safety officers play a significant role in creating and executing a safety system, these plans should also be integrated with other company areas. In this article, we'll take a more detailed look at the benefits of implementing a safety plan, and what construction companies should consider when rolling them out.

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Safety plan, Management, Implementation and Safety efficiency.

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