Volume 11 | Issue 8

 Abstract

Numerous researchers are currently focusing on enhancing concrete properties by incorporating various types of materials. This study aims to investigate the behavior of M40 grade concrete with a water-cement ratio (w/c) of 0.43 and to determine its compressive strength, flexural strength, and split tensile strength when cement is replaced by fly ash, rice husk ash, and steel fiber. Different replacement levels were considered, including 10%, 20%, and 30% of fly ash and rice husk, as well as combined replacements. The steel fiber content in the concrete was varied from 0% to 1.0%. The results indicated that the workability of the concrete decreased with increasing percentages of fly ash (FA), rice husk ash (RHA), and steel fiber. Among the various combinations, the maximum compressive strength achieved after 28 days was 53.77 N/mm2 with a 10% replacement of cement by fly ash (FA). Similarly, the maximum flexural strength recorded at 28 days was 5.89 N/mm2 with a 10% replacement of cement by fly ash (FA). Additionally, the maximum split tensile strength attained after 28 days was 4.21 N/mm2 with a 10% replacement of cement by fly ash (FA). The most favorable strength results were observed with a combination of 20% fly ash and 10% rice husk ash, along with 0.75% steel fiber in the concrete. These findings demonstrate the potential of using fly ash and rice husk ash as partial replacements for cement, along with the inclusion of steel fibers, to improve the strength characteristics of concrete.

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Fly ash(FA), Rice husk ash(RHA), Steel Fibres(SF), Compressive Strength, Flexural Strength and Split Tensile Strength.

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This research study delves into the challenges faced by mathematics teachers in the context of distance learning. Employing a descriptive quantitative research design, the study employed a survey questionnaire as the research instrument, along with descriptive and inferential statistics for data analysis. The findings indicate that the majority of teacher-respondents are female, in their middle adulthood, and possess significant experience in the teaching profession. The teachers face considerable challenges concerning the impact of distance learning on their instructional practices. However, the study did not find any significant difference in the challenges faced by mathematics teachers when categorized according to their demographic profiles. To address these challenges, teachers can benefit from in-service training courses focusing on distance education practices, methodologies, techniques, and material usage. Furthermore, online professional guidance applications can be implemented to enhance students' motivation and increase their engagement in the learning process. Addressing potential technical issues is crucial, and the presence of reliable internet infrastructure, access to computers, and computer proficiency among both teachers and students can contribute to minimizing such problems. Responsibility for resolving technical issues lies with relevant educational institutions, ensuring a smoother distance education experience. A proposed intervention plan has been developed to facilitate the professional development of mathematics teachers and improve the delivery of distance learning education in this context. By implementing this intervention plan, mathematics teachers can be better equipped to navigate the challenges of distance learning effectively.

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Distance Education, Challenges, Mathematics, Mathematics Teachers

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This research paper investigates the effect of Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete (HFRC) on the strength characteristics of concrete in aggressive environmental conditions. In response to the limitations of conventional concrete in highly aggressive environments, the study explores the incorporation of steel and polypropylene fibers to enhance concrete's ductility, tensile strength, and energy absorption capacity. The research program includes experimental tests on HFRC specimens with varying fiber compositions to evaluate compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths. Results reveal that the addition of fibers significantly improves concrete strength, with the optimum combination of 75% steel fibers and 25% polypropylene fibers offering the highest increase in compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths compared to plain concrete. The findings highlight the potential of HFRC as a durable and sustainable construction material for various structural applications in aggressive environments.

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Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete, HFRC, aggressive environments, steel fibers, polypropylene fibers

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The paper was intended to find out the level of social maturity and personality among senior school students this study involves to descriptive method the sample of the study was 100 students selected through the random sampling technique. The statistical procedures used in this study were mean, standard deviation and t-test analysis of the data.

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SOCIAL MATURITY AMONG SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS ABOUT PERSONALITY

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The choice of a route by driver to a destination may depend on its distance and travel time, also factor into the driver's decision. Driver's route choice can be context dependent, e.g., varies with respect to time, distance and also it varies from driver to driver. Conventional routing services supports less in context dependent route selection, also they deliver same routes to all drivers. Here the study is to identify context-aware routes for each drivers based on historical trajectories. Ranking paths becomes an increasingly most important functionality in many transportation services, where multiple paths connecting a source-destination pair are offered to drivers. First propose a real training data using enriching method to obtain a dense and expanded set of training paths using historical trajectories. Second, a multi-task learning framework that consider features that take into account both candidate paths and contexts are proposed. Third, propose road network embedding which uses road network topology and context-aware properties to embed the paths into feature vectors. Next, propose a path rank method to generate a compact and diverse set of training paths to enable efficient and effective learning. Finally, propose Adaptive Routing Algorithm to shows that the accuracy results outperforms baseline methods.

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Path ranking, diversified paths, multi-task learning, road network embedding, graph embedding.

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The Indian caste system, a deeply ingrained social hierarchy that has shaped the country's cultural fabric for centuries, has been undergoing significant transformations in recent times. This article explores the recent changes in the Indian caste system, focusing on the efforts to dismantle caste-based discrimination and create a more inclusive society. It examines the historical context, factors contributing to the evolution of the caste system, and the various initiatives and policies aimed at addressing its inequalities

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1. Historical roots: The Indian caste system is an ancient social hierarchy with religious origins. 2. Contributing factors: Feudalism, invasions, and colonial rule perpetuated caste discrimination. 3. Impact: Dalits faced marginalization, lack of rights, and opportunities. 4. Legal measures: Indian Constitution bans caste-based discrimination and offers affirmative action through reservations. 5. Recent initiatives: Civil society, government, and grassroots efforts work towards inclusivity. 6.

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Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) is a damage or injury response that is caused due to intake of a drug. The ADRs may arise after administration of a single dose, or long-term administration of a drug. It might also occur as a consequence of the administration of two or more drugs as a combination product or separately. The study of ADRs is known as Pharmacovigilance. The four pillars of Pharmacovigilance include detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of ADR. The prime objective of ADR reporting is that to identify safety of drugs followed by improving patient safety, evaluation of incidence of ADRs, identification of pre-disposing factors etc. The main purpose of the PV study is to protect the future generations or the potential users from the harmful effects of a drug that is already available in the market. The emanation of side effects resulting from the use of drugs are unavoidable. But the occurrence of morbidity and mortality as a result of ADR can be reduced if proper measures are promptly adopted by the local, as well as by the global regulatory organizations. Paramedics are life-savers in life-threatening situations. They should have fast-response and should be quick-witted, in such a way that the sick and injured patients may survive long enough to make it to the hospital or to a medical facility. Training on how to report an ADR, where to report, when to report can increase the rate of ADR reporting among paramedics and also reduce ADR related mortality thereby increasing patient safety.

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KEYWORDS: Pharmacovigilance, ADR, Adverse drug reaction, Paramedics,

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This research paper focuses on the shear behavior and strength characteristics of crushed rock fill materials, particularly decomposed rock fill materials used in high rock fill dams in India. The study aims to fill a research gap in the country by investigating the influence of particle size and crushing on shear properties. The Mohr-Coulomb failure theory is applied to analyze soil failure, considering shear stress, normal stress, and internal friction. The literature review highlights the potential of alternative materials like manufactured sand and crushed limestone in concrete applications for improved sustainability. The testing program involves direct shear tests on crushed limestone, sandstone, and river gravels at varying normal stresses. The results show that particle size impacts shear resistance, with larger particles exhibiting higher shear strength due to lesser breakage. The research offers valuable insights for dam design and construction in India and beyond, fostering sustainable practices in geotechnical engineering and construction.

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crushed rock fill materials, shear behavior, shear strength, decomposed rock fill

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ABSTRACT Background: Menorrhagia is commonly known as prolonged (more than 7 days) or heavy (more than 80 ml) uterine bleeding occurring at regular intervals. Women with menorrhagia experience physical, social, and mental difficulties resulting from heavy bleeding. Aim and objectives: A prospective comparative study has been designed with the aim to compare the efficacy and quality of life in menorrhagia patients managed with tranexamic acid or mefenamic acid or tranexamic acid and mefenamic acid and to study the reduction in heavy menstrual bleeding. Methods: This prospective study was conducted at Kovai Medical Center and Research (KMCH) Coimbatore. Of 75 patients recruited for the study with randomization, 29 patients were in group A (Tranexamic acid), 14 patients were in group B (Mefenamic acid) and 33 patients were in group C (Tranexamic acid and mefenamic acid). Group A received Tranexamic acid 500mg, BD, from 1 to 5 days of the menstruation for three consecutive cycles. Group B received mefenamic acid 500mg, from 1 to 5 days, similarly group C received tranexamic acid and mefenamic acid 500mg, from 1 to 5 days of the menstruation for three consecutive cycles. PBAC score scale was used to assess the severity of bleeding. Quality of life questionnaires was used to compare the quality of life between groups. Results: Women between the age group of 41-45 years are mostly affected by heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB). PBAC mean score showed a significant reduction in menstrual blood loss in all three groups but combinational therapy of tranexamic acid and mefenamic acid proved to be more efficacious. Hb level in group C was seen to be increased slightly when compared with group A and group B. quality of life was improved in women treated with tranexamic acid and combinational drugs when compared to mefenamic acid. Conclusion: This study concluded that combinational therapy of tranexamic acid and mefenamic acid and monotherapy of tranexamic acid and mefenamic acid are effective in the management of menorrhagia. Tranexamic acid and mefenamic acid are superior to monotherapy of tranexamic acid and mefenamic acid in terms of effectiveness, reduction in blood loss, and improvement in quality of life.

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Menorrhagia, Heavy menstrual bleeding, Tranexamic acid, Mefenamic acid, Menstruation. PBAC score scale.

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: Plant diseases are a common occurrence in the agricultural field, impacting crop productivity. The contribution of the economy to agriculture plays a significant role in enabling effective disease detection. The surveillance of large and diverse crop fields has increased the importance of plant disease detection. Farmers face challenges when transitioning between different disease management approaches. To ensure proper control measures and maintain plant health, timely detection of tomato leaf diseases is crucial. Mechanized techniques and methodologies offer efficient and constructive means of disease detection, reducing the labor-intensive task of surveillance in large-scale cultivation. Early detection of disease symptoms on plant leaves allows for prompt action. This review explores various algorithms used for image segmentation and automated classification in disease detection. It also encompasses different disease classification methods employed in plant disease detection. By employing deep learning technology, the disadvantages of artificial selection of disease spot features can be avoided, making disease feature extraction more objective and enhancing research efficiency and technological advancements. This review provides insights into the recent progress made in deep learning-based crop leaf disease identification, highlighting current trends, challenges, and the integration of advanced imaging techniques. It aims to serve as a valuable resource for researchers studying plant disease and insect pest detection, while also addressing existing challenges and unresolved issues

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Plant leaf disease images, disease symptoms, deep learning, artificial selection, disease detection

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Every library must have a good library website to deliver resources and services to users wherever and whenever needed. Users can access online resources and services through website without visiting the library. Hitherto developing a good library website is a part of modernization of a library. The study examines the present status of online resources and services; and also evaluates the web 2.0 tools and its application in Central University Libraries of North East India. Total 8 Central University Libraries of North East India are examined. The study analyses the content of library websites of Central University Libraries of North East India. The result revealed that most of the Central University Libraries of North East India provide online resources and services through their website. Most of the Central University Libraries of North East India use web 2.0 tools for promotion of web based collection and services.

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Modernization, Web based resources, Web based services, University Libraries, Web 2.0, Website

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he rise of fake news poses a significant challenge in the era of information over-load, where misinformation can spread rapidly and undermine the credibility of news sources. In this project, we propose an innovative approach to tackle the problem of fake news detection by combining the power of BERT(Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers)and VGG19 (Visual Geometry Group 19)algorithms.

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Image, News, Social Media, VGG19 Algorithm, BERT Algorithm

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In this paper power converter with multiple operating mode .the design of three independent power converters is often needed traditional distributed power converter. It designs of bi-direction of DC-DC, converter operations. The operation of proposed system is control using pulse given to breaker to achieve the required operation. The pulse signals given to circuit breaker and MOSFET switches is accordingly and it is controlled by teaching and learning optimization technique. TLBO technique is proposed to solve constrained in design optimization problem with the parameters involved in variable objective function for the given system to attain the best value of objective function. The proposed system output made to give to EV charging port and battery further to test stability of system. Buck and boost operation, ac to dc, dc to ac modes are operating mode of multi-mode converter with TLBO algorithm is developed in MATLAB-Simulink environment.

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multi-mode converter, TLBO, MATLAB, Converter, EV Charging,

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The study's emphasis pertains to battery charging systems. This paper contains information about different battery charging processes that professionals have researched and demonstrated using MATLAB simulations & prototypes. Solar is one of the implicit renewable energy sources that may be effortlessly used to charge EV batteries, hence the suggested system practices PV array energy to charge the EV battery using power converters. Solar is unlimited and pollution-free, renewable energy sources (RESs) are employed to recharge electric vehicle batteries. An off-board EV battery charging system that charges the EV battery from solar PV arrays via a bidirectional DC-DC converter in stage-still mode. It discharges the EV battery to power the EV's vehicles during operation. Due to the intermittent nature of PV cells, power convertors are needed to charge the EV battery bank without interruption.

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Green Transportation, Renewable energy Source (RES), Onboard chargers (OBC), Offboard chargers (OFC) Hybrid Vehicle (HV), Bidirectional converters (BIDC)

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The paper traces the socio- cultural scenario of nineteenth century India and the prevalent beliefs and practices of the people as presented in Amitav Ghosh's Sea of Poppies. The narrative is mainly dictated by two great events- the incidents leading to the first Opium War and the Golden Triangle Trade between India, China and Britain and the great migration of the peasants to the plantations in the British colonies. Individuals incorporate into new societies and redefine their identities in new environments, acculturation and cultural relativism saw the analytical method of comprehending contemporary processes of movement of people across borders. Amitav Ghosh has emerged as one of the prominent writers of Indian postmodern nliterature. Ghosh's novels centre around various issues of postmodern age. The important traits of postmodern fiction such as fluid identity, migration, plurality, hybridity, multiculturalism, blending of fact and fiction, human insecurities and questioning nature appear as major thems and narrative strategies in his works and displacement occupy a unique place in the fictional work of Ghoshs. Though his characters are commonly nomadic, they move from one place to another, and some establish diaspora. In alienated places, they as diasporic establish communities and collective homes; these communities are ever subject to change with time and place. As the displaced create more complex relationships, they tend to regroup and congregate with others who have already moved to the alienated lands. Reforming, integrating and renegotiating are the prominent themes of the migrant groups that encounter new host environments.

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Identity, displacement, cultural, nomadic, dislocation, transculturalism.

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Abstract - Literature is a mirror of Society. Every society has its own way of life. Karnataka is one of the multicultural states in India which has numerous social values. English literature refers to the study of texts from around the world, written in the English language. Education is mostly depending upon the student's social and cultural background. For social and cultural barriers many students fail to attach English Literature. They study English Literature in colleges and universities only for degrees instead of developing values of life. The study of English literature must focus on universal literary senses and beyond. In the twenty-first century, knowledge of people, values, and thoughts are changing quickly. Higher education institutions in Karnataka should emphasize on multi-dimensionality of learning.

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- Society, Culture, Literary, Higher education, Students, Universal.

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English, regarded as an international language is no more confined to England and has now established an official status on a global scale. Due to colonization, English has taken roots in native languages in several countries. This linguistic transformation and prominence can be observed in colonial nations including India. As Randolph Quirk points out: "There are now something like 250 million people for whom English is the mother tongue or first language... most people who speak English are not English and were not born in England...". The proficiency demonstrated by Indians in English can often compete with native speakers, a testament to the profound integration of English into the fabric of modern Indian society. The education system has been thoughtfully shaped to accommodate this linguistic duality, with curricula seamlessly interweaving English with regional languages. Across states in India, students embark on a bilingual journey, where English assumes the role of a second language, while certain institutions even bestow it with the distinction of a first language. With English dominating globally in education, research, administration and workplaces, and technology connected the communities, the proficiency on English language has proved to be advantageous at several fronts. In an increasingly interconnected world, the ability to communicate effectively in English has become an essential skill for success in education and the workforce.

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language, students, bilingual, commination, global language

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In today's diverse workplaces, fostering productive synergy, overcoming compatibility issues, and promoting positive competition are essential for organizational success. This paper examines the dynamics of harnessing diversity, identifies compatibility issues and professional jealousy, and offers strategies for cultivating a harmonious work environment. Through an analysis of existing literature, this study provides insights into the complex interplay between diversity, competition, and compatibility in modern workplaces.

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"diversity," "compatibility," "positive competition," and "professional jealousy"

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To demonetize means to remove the validity of a currency unit that is currently in circulation. The government revokes the official status of a currency it has issued as a legal form of payment. The current type or types of money are removed from use and taken out of circulation, typically to be substituted with new ones. The Indian government implemented demonetization for the third occasion on November 8th, 2016. The government made a decision to invalidate all INR500 and INR1,000 banknotes of the Mahatma Gandhi Series, which accounted for about 86% of the currency in circulation. The government also stated that they would release new INR500 and INR2,000 banknotes in return for the discontinued banknotes. They argued that this move would help decrease illegal economic activities, promote digital payments, and lessen the circulation of fake money. The main purpose of this research paper is to analyze the reasons behind and the consequences of the demonetization policy implemented in India in the year 2016. The research is focused on describing a subject and utilizes information gathered from different sources. The research states that the effects of demonetization on the Indian Economy were a combination of beneficial and detrimental outcomes.

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Demonization, tax base, tax revenue, Economic survey, corruption

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On July 29, 2020, our esteemed Prime Minister Narendra Modi presented in Parliament the new education policy (NEP 2020) that had been suggested by the ministry of human resource development. This was the third significant revision to India's education system. Under the administrations of Rajiv Gandhi and Indira Gandhi, the first and second education policies were created in 1968 and 1986, respectively.

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NEP , Directorate of Higher Education , Goa , Education, Degree Programs

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