Volume 8 | Issue 8

 Abstract

With the onset of COVID-19 the plight of labourers has seen many suns .This has also adversely affected the scenario of development in all walks of human life.In this paper the famous novel Godaan by Munshi Premchand has been thoroughly studied with emphasis to migrant labourers of colonial India.Issues like poverty, development, culture adoption and conflict has been studied. India has seen many phases of development. However,The balance of rich and poor has always striked disparity today and in the then colonial India.In this paper study of the migration of labourers to cities and their transforming life styles with the urbaners has been delved into .Also how developed was India then and how at ease or troubled were the migrant workers.Keeping this viewpoint of socio-cultural conflict with the city dwellers and their own alike the paper attempts to reopen the cause of disparity and at the same time their development in the slowly urbanizing world

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development, socio cultural and economic impact, disparity, migrant labourer

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The outbreak of viral pneumonia in the city of Wuhan, China, in Dec, 2019 was caused by a novel coronavirus designated 2019-nCoV, as determined by sequencing the viral RNA genome. It was thought that SARS-related coronaviruses (SARSr-CoV) is mainly found in bats. Previous studies have shown that some bat SARSr-CoVs have the potential to infect humans. Among its genome S protein is surface-exposed and mediates entry into host cells. Currently it is one of the main targets for designing antibodies (Abs), therapeutic and vaccine. Earlier studies stated that ACE2 (angiotensin converting enzyme 2) could facilitate S protein mediated entry for this newly emerged coronavirus. Here we have taken an attempt to compare the genetic structure of receptor binding domain within S protein of highly pathogenic human coronaviruses (special reference to 2019-nCoV) with Bat coronavirus RaTG13. We have compared 2019-nCov receptor binding domain (RBD) with other pathogenic human coronaviruses (MERS and SARSr-CoV) and Bat coronavirus RaTG13. We found that it is closest to RaTG13 RBD than MERS and SARSr-CoV. Our study shows that 2019-nCov RBD also has significant identity with pangolin S protein RBD. We have also predicted the amino acid residues within RDB those may play important role for ACE2 receptor interaction. We identified unique signature for furin cleavage in 2019-nCov S protein but not in of other pathogenic human coronaviruses (tested here), bat coronavirus RaTG13 or pangolin.

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Coronavirus, sequence alignment, S protein, receptor binding domain, RBD, Covid-19

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This paper describes approach towards development of Electronic Nose device. Electronic Nose is smart instrument that is designed to detect various gases by metal oxide sensors (MOS) array. This system have successfully classified various volatile organic compounds such as methanol, ethanol, propane, toluene, benzene, alcohol, and evaluated the resolution among them. To achieve a portable Electronic nose with sample delivery system. The E-Nose system demonstrated the identification of gases from perfume and wine

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Electronic nose, Metal oxide, Gas sensor

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Documentation is one of the key tools in present era especially in the field of medicine. Lack of technical advancements forced the ancient seers to record and document their preaching on surfaces such as inscriptions over stone, talapatra, bhurjapatra, etc. Since the materials would deteriorate and lose the writings over a period of time, it was necessary to constantly make copies of the same. A group of people made this as a profession and called as scribe. Sometimes on account of lesser subject expertise along with other manual limitations, original manuscripts were slightly altered during the process of copying. These are called as scribal errors. Thus, the reader may not be able to connect with the ideas of the original author. Ayurveda is one such field where the available manuscripts are old and scribal errors is inevitable. Knowledge of scribal errors helps the reader to differentiate the original and distorted content in a manuscript which indirectly helps in the application of principles of Ayurveda known as siddhanta. An overview of scribal error and its relevance in present era is presented in this work.

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LEKHAKA, MANUSCRIPT, TEXTUAL CRITICISM, EDITING, REDACTION

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Pomegranate is one of the oldest known edible fruit which is predominant member of Punicaceae family. It is a large deciduous shrub or small tree native to Asia. The present study focus on the quantitative estimation and comparison of the total phenol content (TPC) of different peel extracts of Punica granatum L. peel during two different seasons of Saurashtra and Ahmedabad region of Gujarat state. Quantitative eastimation of Punica granatum L.peel was performed using two solvents (1) Methanol and (2) acetone. This study was conducted during two different seasons of Saurashtra and Ahmedabad region of Gujarat (1) Ambe bahar (Fruit harvest in June- August) and (2) Hasta bahar (Fruit harvest in February-April). The present study indicated that methanolic extract of Pomegranate peels have more total phenol content(TPC) as comapare to the acetonic extract in both seasons Ambe bahar and Hasta bahar of Saurashtra and Ahmedabad regions of Gujarat. Here, we also reported that Saurashtra region contains more total phenol content than Ahmedabad region. The variations in the quantity of total phenol content (TPC) of pomegranate peels are due to the various environmental factors and geographical distribution of plant in Gujarat. Comparison of Total phenol content for Acetone and Methanol extract of Punica granatum L. Peels during two different seasons of Saurashtra and Ahmedabad regions were firstly reported in Gujarat during this study.

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Pomegranate, Quantitative analysis, Total phenol content(TPC), Seasons, Saurashtra, Ahmedabad

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Coronary Artery disease is a leading cause of death worldwide and one of the commonest interventional surgeries for that is Coronary artery Bypass Angioplasty (CABG). The aim of the study was to check for the prevalence of anxiety and depression in patients undergoing CABG, pre and post surgery . The inclusion and exclusion criteria were stated and 50 studies were screened. Out of these, 2 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were chosen to be.a part of the review. On reviewing the studies it was found that 30% and 40% of CABG surgery patients experience depression and anxiety disorders at rates significantly higher than prevalent in community samples. Anxiety and depression directly affect the quality of life of the patients and cause worsening of outcomes. Even pre operative anxiety is shown to affect the post surgical outcomes in such patients. Thus, it is seen that anxiety and depression are very much prevalent pre and post surgery, the post surgical outcomes are affected by anxiety and depression, anxiety and depression are also affecting the patient�s quality of life, which can be mitigated by proper intervention.

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TOPIC: PREVALENCE OF DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY IN CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFTING PATIENTS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW.

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Image compression aims at reducing the number of bits required to represent an image by removing the spatial and spectral redundancies as much as possible. The focus of the research work is only on still image compression. The lossy compression methods which give higher compression ratio are considered in the research work. Inter-pixel relationship is highly non-linear and unpredicted in the absence of a prior knowledge of the image itself. Thus Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) has been used here for image compression by training the network using the image to be compressed. The ANN takes into account the psycho-visual features, dependent mostly on the information contained in images. The algorithms, on application on the image data while working in a lossy manner and maximize the compression performance. The ANN algorithm used here is the �Error Back -propagation algorithm�.

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Artificial Neural Network, compression ratio, Back propagation, learning algorithm, Training

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Transgenders are not unfamiliar community in our society. Their presence in the events like marriages and child birth functions is considered auspicious; people feel their graces are signs for good omen. But it is very pathetic to know that though their presence is considered good in marriages and birth functions but they are exempted from marrying and giving birth to children. They are treated as separate entities by major part of the world. Writings on Transgenders� problems are very rarely seen in Indian writings. Mahesh Dattani is one of the powerful Indian writers in portraying the issues which are serious but neglected, prominently about gender discrimination. Even though many of his plays focus on contemporary issues like corruption, communal rivalries, male superiority but his main attention is on the problems of Transgenders. They are shown as the victims of our own human society. Seven Steps Around the Fire, a significant play of Dattani that deals with the sufferings of these transgenders through the help of the character Kamla. It is a tragic play of Kamla, a beautiful eunuch who loves Subbu, a minister�s son and marries him but gets killed just because she is a transgender. Uma is another major character who brings into limelight the sufferings of these transgenders and reveals the murder mystery of Kamla with the help of Anarkali. Two tragic incidents are shown in this play the first is the murder of Kamla and another is the death of Subbu. This play deals with the emotions of transgenders as all human beings feel and advices for the equality of all genders.

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Transgenders, Pathetic, Gender discrimination, Contemporary, Mystery.

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Hansda Sowvendra Shekhar, the 2015 Sahitya Akademi Yuva Puraskar winner, and the nominee of The Hindu Prize, The Crossword Book Award and The International Dublin Literary Award suffered a ban for The Adivasi Will Not Dance by Jharkhand Government on the grounds that it is offensive to the dignity of Santhal women. It is also blamed to be pornographic in nature. The book has a large variety of Santhal and non-Santhal female characters spread across the socio-economic spectrum. Most of the female characters be it Baso-jhi, Sona and others featured are defiant and daring. They are weighed down by the burdens of injustice, illiteracy, unemployment, etc. All the female characters mentioned below faced abuse, injustice and exploitation by the so called sophisticated society. This paper presents before the literature readers a review kind of investigation of the tribal female characters depicted in the short stories �The Adivasi Will Not Dance� of Hansda Sowvendra Shekhar.

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Tribals, Baso-jhi, Sona, Sulochona, Mathabhangi, Hansda Sowvendra Shekhar

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The performance of a pavement is very responsive to the characteristics of soil sub grade. The economic design of pavement results in saving countries economy. The construction of roads in most of the places across the world faces major problems due to weak sub grade soil. Sub grade being the support for the whole pavement, it needs the utmost care in its construction. During last few decades� research has been conducted on various aspects of low volume roads resulting in innovative and unconventional approaches of road constructions. Many suggestions have been put forward by various scientists to improve the subgrade.Usually adopted methods are stabilization methods. Use of waste material and natural fiber for improving soil property is advantageous because they are cheap, locally available and eco-friendly. In this study, the stabilizing effect of Natural fiber (coconut coir) and ceramic waste powder on soil properties has been studied. Over the last decade the use of waste material and fiber has recorded a tremendous increase. Keeping this in view an experimental study is conducted on locally available i.e. clayey soil mixed with varying percentage of coir fiber and ceramic waste powder. Long term performance of pavement structures often depends on the stability of the underlying soils. Conventional waste disposal methods are found to be inadequate. The existing soil at a particular location may not be suitable for the construction due to poor bearing capacity and higher compressibility or even sometimes excessive swelling. For sustainable development use of waste material should been encouraged.It is crucial for highway engineers to develop a sub grade.

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Ceramic dust,,California Bearing Ratio,cohesion,coir fibre

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Stress is any action that places special physical or psychological demands upon a private, anything that will unbalance his individual equilibrium. There are various sources of stress including toxic work environment, negative work load, isolation, types of working hours, role ambiguity & role conflict, lack of autonomy, difficult relationship with coworkers, managerial bullying, harassment etc. Work related stress could also be a possible reason for concern in healthcare workers and is expounded to decreased job satisfaction, days off work, anxiety, depression, sleeplessness, medical errors and near misses. To match stress level levels n numerous groups of healthcare worker and identity causes of stress, we conducted a survey based study at a superb speciality public sector hospitals.

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Stress, Healthcare Workers,work load, Public sector Hospitals.

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Europe no longer ruled Africa. But it still fed them in a hundred ways like its language, culture, education, wonderful goods and many more. Despite the formal independence of African countries from colonizers, these countries have not become independent in true sense. Their dependence continues and they rely on the colonizers for many things still. They hate everything associated with colonizers and they try to destroy the things of colonizers. But they don�t have any thing concrete to fall back on in the name of their own culture, administration, or a society etc. Colonizer�s everything like language, culture, religion have altered and made hybrid. Despite the wish neither they can go back to their bush culture nor they can follow colonizer�s culture completely. They are stranded in- between Consequently, the country has descended into chaos. Violence erupts everywhere. Same condition prevails which was prevalent during colonization. Few elite people like Big man try to restore the lost culture of Africa but in doing so he follows European ways. His very methods of doing so are reminders of European�s. True motif of him is to gain power and take benefit of the situation for the personal Agenda and not to improve the condition of African�s.

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Colonizer, colonized, & in -between culture of Africa.

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The 2019 coronavirus disease outbreak (COVID-19) has quickly evolved into a large pandemic, causing a public health and economic crisis. This is a new virus distinct from SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, with the most likely origin being the chinese horseshoe bats. The transmission takes place primarily through spreading droplets or contact routes. The threat of transmission of infection between dental health care personnel (DHCP) and patients can be very significant based on the characteristics of the dental settings. This article provides a brief description of the virus structure, transmission modes and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 disease. The purpose of this article is to recommend strategies for infection control and patient management protocols to provide optimum dental care while simultaneously preventing nosocomial infection in dental settings.

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Coronavirus, COVID 19 , Dental health care personnel, Prevent Infection

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Title of the study: Conservative treatment of a 55 year old lady with bipartite patella: A Case report Abstract : Background and purpose: The knee joint is one of the most important weight bearing joints of the bony. Each knee joint bears 50% of the body weight. The knee joint comprises of the Femur, the Tibia and the Patella as its parts The Patella plays a significant role in the knee biomechanics by smoothly gliding over the anterior aspect of the knee. In some rare cases it is observed that patients report with a congenital defect of the patella called as bipartite patella. The incidence of this congenital abnormality is only 1 � 2%. Even though the incidence of such defect is very rare but it becomes a cause of disability for the person with the defect. The purpose of this case report is to present such a rare congenital defect of Patella and to suggest a protocol of conservative treatment which is proven beneficial for the patient. Study design: Case report Description of the case : A female aged 55 years reported to the clinic with history of severe right anterior knee pain , swelling and inability to walk properly since last 1 month. There was no complain with the left knee. The patient had a history of fall . The radiographic studies reveal that there is a Bipartiate Patella. Patient was treated with medication including Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antacids along with Physiotherapy treatment. The Physiotherapy treatment included ice packs, Ultrasound therapy, Interferential therapy, Active assisted ROM exercises and Progressive resisted exercises. Outcome : The Pre treatment VAS score and Lysholm Knee scoring scale are noted . The patient was treated for a total period of 4 weeks with a frequency of 6 days in a week. It was observed that after treatment VAS grades decreased from 9 to 3 in the right knee. The Lysholm Knee Score scale grading improved from 63 to 82 . Following completion of 4 weeks the subject returned to complete functional activity with almost no pain and limitation. Discussion The present case is a rare disorder of Patella which is found in only 1 % of population . The condition is common in males then in females. As the defect is a rarer entity a proper understanding of the clinical presentation and the absolute way to manage the defect was the intention behind this study. In the study the patient presented with a unilateral anterior knee pain which was diagnosed as Bipartite patella. The problem was successfully managed with medication and physiotherapy as a conservative treatment. So it is evident that these defects can be well managed with conservative management.

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Anterior knee pain, Bipartite patella, Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale, C T Scan

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The purpose of this study is to analyze the impacts of some prominent macroeconomic factors on the Indian Stock Market index, BSE-30 (Bombay sensitivity index-30). For centuries, and mostly since the 20th century, stock markets are the heart of economies. In the present era, the largest economic crises arise from the stock market instabilities and thus, the stock markets are the focus of interest of the economy. Economists, investors, and policymakers predict the tendency of share prices, which substantially depend on foreign and domestic macroeconomic factors. Within this purpose, this study tries to investigate the impact of some selected macroeconomic factors on BSE-30 index over the 2000�2018 period. The findings obtained from the data via the ARDL Bounds Test suggest that economic growth, the relative value of the domestic currency, portfolio investments and foreign direct investments raise the stock market index while interest rate and crude oil prices negatively affect it. The results briefly reveal that the Indian Stock Exchange Market needs stronger domestic currency, higher international capital inflows, and lower energy and investment costs.

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stock market; macroeconomic indicators; BSE-30; autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds test

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Plant growth promoting bacteria are known to influence the plant growth by various direct or indirect mechanisms. In search of efficient PGPR strains with multiple activities, a total of 10 bacterial isolates belonging to Bacillus species isolated from chilli rhizosphere, Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh, India. Out of ten only one isolate Bacillus sp. PB-3 showed potential activity of producing IAA, Gibberellic acid production, Siderophore production. Bacillus sp. PB-3 showed the maximum IAA (85 �g/ml ) and Gibberellic acid productions 52 �g/ml were observed. An orange halo appears around the Bacillus species on CAS agar media indicates the siderophore production. The optimum conditions for siderophore production in Bacillus sp. PB-3 was selected for this study. CAS medium was supplemented with mannitol (18.6 �g/ml) and Urea (18.4 �g/ml) was used as carbon and nitrogen sources showed maximum amount of siderophores. These plant growth promoting abilities can make this isolate a potential PGPR candidate for its application in sustainable agriculture.

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Gibberellic acid, Indole Acetic Acid, Siderophore

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David Herbert Lawrence was gifted with a prophetic vision. The novel for him was a medium to communicate his vision of life. He is against the over intellectualism of life. He is of the opinion that science with its over emphasis on reason destroys the intuitional and instinctive life of man. In his pursuit of life man should rely more on the impulses than on the reason. Thus, Lawrence often comes near with the Romantics. He wanted people to be corroborated by the dictates of the blood. In this study we shall make an attempt to focus on the essential elements of Lawrence�s philosophy-- � the religion of blood� -- an orientation towards non-intellectualism -- a type of blood-conciousness�a rely on and resort to our impulses.

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Intellectualism , impulses , blood - conciousness.

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Background: Histopathological examination still remains the gold standard method for the confirmation of the appendicitis. Patients with incidental findings of tumors and parasites, do not present with the specific symptoms and hence, elective or incidental appendectomies are performed. Aims: To determine the various histological diagnoses of all surgically removed appendices and to find out the age and sex related incidence of appendicitis, the perforation rate and the rate of elective or incidental appendectomies. Methods: This was a cross sectional retrospective study at a tertiary care centre of 1043 appendectomy cases over two years period. Results: The mean age was found to be 29.13 years. In present, males (51.7%) slightly outnumbered females (48.3%), with male to female ratio of 1.06: 1. Most common non-neoplastic lesion was acute appendicitis (51.8%), followed by chronic/ recurrent appendicitis (31.6%). Neoplastic lesions included eight metastatic Adenocarcinoma � six from colon (0.6%) and two from ovary (0.2%). Carcinoid tumor was found in 0.2% cases and Primary Mucinous Adenocarcinoma was seen in 0.1% cases. Limitations: This was a retrospective study hence the follow-up of patients could not be done. Conclusions: Present study strongly emphasizes and recommends meticulous gross as well as microscopic examination of every appendectomy specimen.

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Appendix, Appendectomy, Acute Appendicitis, Carcinoid, Metastatic tumors

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Honeycomb structures are often natural or artificial assemblies, which have the similar geometrical shape of a honeycomb and are used to get the expected strength by minimize the amount of used material, reduce the weight and cost of the materials. The advantages of honeycomb sandwich structures when compared to conventional structures are that it provides: very low weight, production cost savings, durability and high stiffness. Acrylic Honeycomb structures are made-up of unique core material that offers advantages such as good impact strength, transparency, resistance to breakage, elasticity, good weatherability, good heat resistance, excellent dimensional stability. Honeycomb sandwich composite fabricated by using Acrylic honeycomb sheet as a core material along with carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) and glass fiber reinforced polymers (GFRP) as face sheets. The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the Flexural strength of Honeycomb sandwich composite and calculate the values from the Python Libraries such as NumPy and Matplotlib.

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Numpy, matplotlib, Honeycomb, composite materials, carbon fiber, glass fiber, acrylic,

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The E-commerce business levels are every day rising, people are getting adopted to using on the web and composing remarks about their buy encounters on seller/audit Websites. These obstinate substances are gainful to both future purchasers for essential initiative and to sellers to enhance their products and moreover organization. To lighten this issue, numerous data mining approaches are designed which uses human efforts. Today, deep learning has risen as a powerful method for classification problems. We propound new deep learning system WDE that could use the huge amount of pitifully sorted audit reviews for the sentiment analysis. WDE attempts to catch the assessment circulation of the information by inserting preparing on pitifully marked sentences. At that point, it utilizes a couple of marked sentences for profound system adjusting just as for forecast model learning. In this system first, we train the data by CNN-WDE Classifier and then view the features vector. After that Detect the Sentimental labels. Then perform the classification and we can get the exact positive or negative view in the Sentiment Prediction Graph. To assess the proposed framework, we took a dataset containing unlabeled reviews from Amazon.

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Deep learning Weak-Supervision, Opinion Mining, Classification, Sentiment Analysis

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