Volume 10 | Issue 7

 Abstract

Voting is a central component of a country's political life cycle. Privacy, authentication and integrity of citizens' votes and their data are considered to be essential to any e voting program. In order to resolve these concerns, we propose a stable e-voting system based on the principles of blockchain, machine learning and cryptography. We use block chain for immutable vote recording, machine learning model to detect intrusion in voting data centers and e-voting stations, and cryptography for secure voter authentication and data protection. The proposed a blockchain-based e-voting system designed exclusively for physically disabled citizens who are unable to visit polling stations. The system facilitates secure, transparent, and tamper-proof voting by allowing Election Commission (EC) officials to conduct supervised voting at the voter's home using a blockchain-integrated mobile voting device.The system ensures vote integrity, voter privacy, and auditability while addressing accessibility concerns for this marginalized demographic.

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Electronic -Voting System Using Machine Learning and Cryptography

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Indigenous knowledge, both at the national and international level, is increasingly being exploited and commercialised by non indigenous people. Despite high commercial value of traditional knowledge indigenous people often derive little or no benefit from the market consumption of their traditional knowledge. The main problem of enforcing rights for contemporary indigenous groups stems from the dichotomy between the values systems of western and indigenous culture. The values of indigenous culture do not fit within the western concept of the egocentric individual that is the current focus of the legal regime today. Current intellectual property rights such as copyright, patent and trademark laws for protection of traditional knowledge are either insufficient, ad-hoc, or uncertain. However, other difficulties for protection of traditional knowledge include desire for perpetual protection, which is not available given the limited terms of western intellectual property laws and notion of communal ownership of traditional knowledge which has not been accepted in the intellectual property law. This article discusses the role of sue-generis system for the protection of traditional.

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Traditional, Indigenous, Knowledge, Sui-generis, Protection, Exploitation, Intellectual Property.

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This study explores an eco-friendly approach to handmade paper production using banana fiber extracted from agricultural waste, specifically banana pseudostems. As a sustainable alternative to conventional wood-based paper, this method addresses key environmental concerns, including deforestation and solid waste accumulation.The process begins with the collection of banana pseudostems, which are sun-dried and thoroughly washed to eliminate dust and impurities. The cleaned fibres are then treated with a 10% caustic soda solution and cooked under pressure to break down the lignocellulosic structure, facilitating pulp formation. Once softened, the fibres are mechanically blended into a uniform pulp and cast into sheets for handmade paper production. To evaluate the quality of the resulting paper, several physicochemical parameters were analysed, including grammage (GSM), pH, thickness, bulk, and moisture content. Results indicate that the paper is lightweight, biodegradable, and free from synthetic additives or harsh chemicals. Its smooth texture and satisfactory mechanical strength render it suitable for lightweight paper applications such as tissue paper, wipes, and tracing paper. This environmentally responsible method reduces the reliance on chemical bleaching and promotes the efficient conversion of agricultural residues into value-added materials. The process is cost-effective, simple, and scalable, presenting opportunities for rural employment and micro-enterprise development. By transforming agrowaste into functional products, this initiative aligns with circular economy principles and supports sustainable development goals. The findings highlight the commercial potential of banana fibre-based handmade paper and its promising role in fostering a greener, more sustainable paper industry.

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Banana Fiber, Handmade Paper, Agricultural Waste, Lignocellulosic Fiber, Biodegradable Paper, Eco-friendly Process, Sustainable Paper Production

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Mahasweta Devi is a vital segment of India's indigenous literature. She is an activist cum writer who has carried a tireless crusade working, fighting and writing for the marginalized. Her writings render the excruciating dilemmas of humans at the social-periphery. Her works have been widely read and translated for their poignant themes and social commitment. Published in 1979, Old Women by Mahasweta Devi is a collection of two stories "Murti" (Statue) and "Mohanpurer Rupkatha" (The Fairy Tale of Mohanpur) that unveils the societal oppression encountered by the two women protagonists - Dulali and Andi. These stories were translated into English by Columbia University Professor Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak in 1999. Mahasweta Devi was honoured with the Ramon Magsaysay award in 1997. The present paper shall analyse Old Women in the light of the above given statement. The significance of these stories as an effective tool to define identity and existence of the otherwise deprived beings shall be enlisted. Mahasweta Devi's fine understanding of the marginalised psyche and her belief that those on the fringes cannot be heard till they speak shall be established. An attempt shall also be made to view that how the stories of the Old Women reveal the social matrix and construct a subaltern's perspective. The negative impact of exploitation and neglect that reduces people to a subhuman existence and the need to give voice to the voiceless shall be the major concern of this paper.

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marginalized, oppression, voice, subaltern, social commitment, crusade.

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The introduction of formal education by the British was strategically designed to support their administrative and bureaucratic needs rather than to uplift the native population. Opportunities for female education remained scarce. However, Christian missionaries played a somewhat progressive role in this context. Driven by religious motives, they established schools for girls, which often combined basic literacy with moral and religious instruction rooted in Christian values. Before colonial reforms, Indian women had minimal access to formal education. Despite the limited commitment of colonial authorities to women's empowerment, Indian social reformers emerged as powerful advocates for gender equality and educational access. This paper aims to discuss the colonial influence on women education, legal reforms, expansion of educational opportunity for women, impact of social reforms, challenge of women education and initiatives for the spread of women education in India.

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British Colonial era, Legal reforms, Social reformers, Educational opportunities, Challenges, Initiatives.

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Artificial intelligence (AI) is the ability of machines to carry out tasks by imitating human intelligence. In recent years, AI methods have begun to be applied in many different areas, with healthcare being one of the most prominent. Diagnosis, treatment, patient care, new drug production, and preventive care can be listed as some of the applications of AI in healthcare. In this review, deep learning and computer vision methods, which are a sub-branch of AI, are mentioned. Deep learning methods frequently used in the literature are convolutional neural networks (CNNs), stacked autoencoders (SAEs), and recurrent neural networks (RNNs). These deep learning methods include CNNs for image recognition and classification, SAEs for unsupervised feature learning and dimensionality reduction, and RNNs for analyzing sequential data like time-series. However, it should be noted that these methods can also be applied to other application areas. This paper presents studies in the literature on medical image analysis, drug discovery and development, and remote patient monitoring in which these deep learning methods are used.

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Artificial Intelligence (AI), Deep Learning (DL), Computer Vision (CV), Healthcare, Smart systems.

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Aluminium alloys are widely used in aerospace and automotive industries due to their advantages of physical and mechanical properties. This paper presents a study on the performance of stir cast SiC & Al2O3 reinforced Aluminium metal matrix composite materials. The particulate reinforcement of SiC & Al2O3 is in the ration of 3:2. The mechanical characterization of AMMC indicates that the composite exhibit improved physical and mechanical properties such as low coefficient of thermal expansion, high ultimate tensile strength, high impact strength and hardness. Through scanning electron microscope, the microstructure of AMMC & distribution of SiC & Al2O3 particles in Aluminium alloy (Al 1350) is uniform. By experimental analysis, it is observed that AMMC with 15% of particulate reinforcement of SiC & Al2O3 with a ratio of 3:2 (9% of SiC & 6% of Al2O3) is the optimum mixture for AMMC to obtain better mechanical characteristics. This AMMC has good potential for the applications in automotive industry to manufacture engine components.

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Characterisation of Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites reinforced with SiC (Carborundum) & Al2O3 (Corundum)

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The study of human beings is one of the many fascinating studies within religion, philosophy and the physical sciences for hundred years. In general when we observe a person over a long period of time, what we find is a certain pattern in his or her behaviour, feelings and even thinking. This pattern is said to be one's personality. The personality constitutes not only what others think about one but also one's estimation of oneself. It not only refers to the behaviour but also to dispositions and the mental impressions behind the behaviour. In all, what makes a person distinct from another is his or her personality. Personality development is the emergence of the thought and behavioral patterns of a human being over time. It is these traits that make one's personality. How do these patterns evolve and what are the conditions of such an evolutions? Whether the traits which manifest in a person already exist in a potential form or does the external ambience contribute to the acquisition of such traits? These are some of fundamental factors to be considered while assessing what personality development is. It is a multidisciplinary subject involving several branches of knowledge including philosophy. Religions, psychology and the like.

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The Vedantic Idea of Personality Development

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This article delves into the significant contributions of the Manas Maozigendri Eco-Tourism Society (MMES) in the sustainable development and conservation of the Manas region in Assam, India. Established in December 2003, MMES has played a pivotal role in fostering community participation, promoting eco-tourism, and preserving the rich biodiversity of the Manas Biosphere Reserve. The paper outlines the historical context of conservation efforts in Manas, dating back to its designation as a reserve forest in 1907 and subsequent recognition as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Tiger Reserve, and Biosphere Reserve. Highlighting MMESs efforts in community awareness, wildlife protection, and eco-tourism, the article underscores the societys impact on socio-economic and educational development in the region. MMESs achievements, including numerous awards and recognitions, reflect its commitment to conserving Manas natural heritage while fostering sustainable livelihoods through eco-tourism.

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Manas Maozigendri Eco-Tourism Society, Sustainable Development, Conservation Efforts, Community Awareness, Eco-Tourism Initiatives

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The dynamic landscape of television viewership is influenced by numerous factors, including demographic shifts, content preferences, and viewing habits. To navigate these complexities, media companies and advertisers increasingly turn to predictive modelling techniques powered by M.L. This study explores the application of ML in forecasting TV viewership trends, aiming to enhance understanding and anticipation of audience behaviour. M.L. models offer robust tools for analysing large datasets and uncovering various ML algorithms, including regression models, decision trees, and neural networks, to predict viewership trends based on historical data. A comprehensive dataset encompassing TV ratings, demographic information, and time-series data forms the foundation of the analysis. In addition to leveraging M.L. techniques, this study integrates survey data to enrich the predictive models. A well-designed survey was conducted to gather insights directly from viewers about their preferences, viewing habits, and factors influencing their choices. This survey data is used to supplement the historical viewership data, allowing for a more nuanced and accurate prediction of trends. The results demonstrate that ML models can effectively capture and forecast viewership patterns, providing actionable insights for TV networks and advertisers. Key findings reveal that certain M.L. algorithms outperform others in prediction accuracy, highlighting the importance of model selection and tuning. Moreover, the incorporation of survey data enhances model performance by adding qualitative context to the quantitative data. The study also identifies several challenges in applying ML to predictive modelling of TV viewership, including data quality issues, the need for extensive computational resources, and the difficulty of capturing rapidly changing viewer behaviours. Despite these challenges, the findings underscore the potential of ML to transform how viewership trends are anticipated and managed.

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1. M.L. 2. Predictive Modelling 3. TV Viewership Trends 4. Data Analysis 5. Regression Models 6. Decision Trees 7. Neural Networks 8. Historical Data 9. Survey Data 10. Viewership Patterns 11. Media Companies 12. Advertising Strategies 13. Model Accuracy 14. Data Quality 15. Audience Behaviour

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English literature in India, often referred to as Indian Writing in English (IWE), has undergone significant evolution, influenced by historical contexts, pedagogical shifts, and technological advancements. This paper undertakes a comprehensive exploration of recent trends in the study of English in India, examining its historical evolution, contemporary teaching methodologies, the impact of technology on literary expression and education, and the role of English studies in shaping cultural identity. By synthesizing insights from diverse perspectives, this study aims to provide a nuanced understanding of the dynamic landscape of Indian English literature and its implications for broader sociocultural discourse.

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English literature in India, Indian Writing in English (IWE) , Evolution, Historical contexts , Pedagogical shifts , Technological advancements , Contemporary , teaching methodologies, Literary expression, Education, Cultural identity, Socio-cultural discourse .

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The manipulation of commodity markets represents a significant challenge in the realm of global commerce, influencing prices, supply chains, and economic stability. This paper explores the tactics, consequences, and regulatory responses to market manipulation in commodity trading. It examines the impacts on market participants, including producers, consumers, and investors, and discusses the broader implications for future commerce, regulatory frameworks, and market integrity. Additionally, the paper analyzes case studies and explores potential strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of market manipulation on economic growth and stability.

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Market manipulation, Commodity Markets, Economic stability, Regulatory responses

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 Abstract

????? ???? ??? ?? ???? 40 ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?????, ??????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?????????, ????????, ??????? ??? ?????????? ???? ??????????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? - ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ????????, ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ????????? ?? ????????? ??????????? ??? ????? ???? ???

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????? ???? ??? -????????? ???????????

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The sacred text of Bhagavad-Gita defines four different operating planes, namely Senses (Body), Mind, Intelligence, and Soul (Consciousness). All human beings delve into one of the operating planes while thinking or performing any action. Bhagavad-Gita also gives a hierarchy of these four things in human existence. Accordingly, the Mind is superior to the Senses, the Intelligence is above the Mind, and the Soul is higher than the Intelligence. The Intelligence can thus control the Mind. The activities performed at the Mind and Intelligence planes normally appear to be amalgamated and inseparable due to the poor cognition of "Mind" and "Intelligence" in the vocabulary of day-to-day talking. No language dictionary delineates Mind and Intelligence without overlapping perceptions. This paper explored the use of the Bhagavad-Gita knowledge framework to automatically separate the text samples representing the actions of Mind and Intelligence. A test was performed with 120 hand-tagged samples comprising 30 samples for each Senses, Mind, Intelligence, and Soul plane. The results gave a classification accuracy score of 75.0% for stratification of the Mind-Intelligence set, considering only the top similarity labels. The accuracy goes up to 83.3% for the top two similarity labels. The testing was done with the help of Google's pre-trained language model, which used Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) for pre-training. This research on automatic stratification of the Mind-Intelligence set actions is highly important as knowing Mind actions as different from those of Intelligence is a pre-requisite for solving Mind-related human challenges. Present work is thus very promising and encouraging for future studies.

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Artificial Intelligence, BERT, Bhagavad Gita, Digital Humanities, Human Challenges, Machine Learning, Mind-Intelligence Set, Natural Language Processing

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In conventional alkyd polymer 40-50% Phthalic anhydride is utilized in short oil compositions. We are interested in developing polymer based mainly on vegetable resources rather than the petroleum products like phthalic anhydride. In view of the above, a novel alkyd polymer containing vegetable plant based linseed oil and rosin has been prepared and used as partial replacement of linear alkyl benzene sulphonate in detergent.The idea of present work is to develop a new polymer based mainly on vegetable sources and use it as an active ingredient in detergent composition. The study involves the combination of SLS, SLES and Dolomite. It has been observed in our experiments that use of high grade dolomite can increase whiteness and brightness to the cloth. Efforts were made to select the optimize proportion of dolomite to get excellent detergency. Various analytical parameters like surface tension, foaming properties and detergency on solied cloths were studied and were found to be at par or sometimes better than commercial samples. Thus above prepared novel alkyd polymer based surfactant that is free from phosphates and other harmful ingredients may be technically superior, economically attractive and ecofriendly substitutes for conventional detergents based on petroleum products.

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Alkyd resin, Powder detergent, linseed oil, rosin, Sodium lauryl sulphate and Sodium lauryl ethyl sulphate.

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Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) refers to employees' voluntary and non-mandatory contributions to their organizations. In recent years, the concept of OCB has gained significant attention and has been recognized as an important aspect of employee behaviour. Research has indicated that work happiness is strongly associated with these discretionary contributions, which often go beyond the core job activities. The primary objectives of this study are twofold. Firstly, it aims to analyze the relationship between demographic variables of the respondents and their engagement in OCB. By examining factors such as age, gender, and educational background, the study seeks to identify any potential associations between these variables and the level of OCB displayed by bank employees in Ahmedabad City. Secondly, the study aims to analyze the effect of HR policies on OCB. To achieve this, a sample of 75 bank employees has been approached and their perceptions towards HR policies and its impact on OCB have been assessed. The study focuses on evaluating employees' perspectives on various HR policies implemented by banks in Ahmedabad City, such as recruitment and selection procedures, performance management systems, training and development programs, communication channels, and work-life balance initiatives. Through comprehensive analysis and interpretation of the collected data, the study aims to draw conclusions regarding the relationship between HR policies and OCB among bank employees in Ahmedabad City. Based on preliminary findings, it is expected that HR policies will have a positive effect on OCB, indicating that organizations that implement effective and employee-centric HR policies are more likely to witness higher levels of discretionary behaviours and employee engagement.

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HR, Organizational Citizenship Behaviour, Bank, HR Policies

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During the middle of the 17th century, British merchants under the banner of the East India Company (EIC; usually referred to as "the Company") arrived in India (South Asia or the subcontinent). Bombay, Madras, and Calcutta all had little protected enclaves where they set up shop. Neither the will nor the resources were there for the EIC to create a sizable land empire in South Asia at the time. The "native" powers were invariably defeated by the EIC's armed forces in the seldom conflicts that broke out between them. However, things began shifting in the 1740s. Several native Indian powers began striving to create their own territories after the dissolution of the pan-Indian Mughal Empire. The French and British were motivated to participate in local politics and expand into the interior of the subcontinent by the absence of a strong central authority and the possibility of negotiating economic concessions with the local potentates. The EIC had already conquered the French East India Company (Compagnies des Indies) by the 1750s. The EIC battled and defeated Mysore, the Maratha Confederacy, and the Khalsa Kingdom between 1760 and 1849 to become the dominant force in the Indian subcontinent. The military establishment in South Asia was the mainstay of British empire there. Between a third and half of the EIC's annual budget supported the armed forces. The EIC fed its forces not just with gold imported from England, but also with income taken from its vast agricultural bureaucratic dominion in the subcontinent. Heathcote (1995) depicts the development of the EIC's several armies. During this time, indigenous military forces were largely modernised and Westernised in response to EIC's presence and its capital-intensive infantry-artillery-oriented army.

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India, East India Company, Military System, European, Indian Army.

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 Abstract

shreemadbhagvadgeeta me mansik swasth sarakshan ke sutra

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shreemadbhagvadgeeta me mansik swasth sarakshan ke sutra

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In this article, the different dimensions of human resource development in India are discussed, encompassing social, economic, cultural, geographical, political, and psychological aspects. The article highlights that India's diverse population holds varying attitudes towards education, career development and work. Moreover, the impact of economic factors, such as income, employment, and economic growth on human resource development, is also explored. The article concludes by stressing that by understanding and addressing these factors through policies and programs, India can promote the development of its human resources and achieve greater economic and social growth. The article also outlines the government's efforts to promote development in these dimensions. Effective implementation and collaboration among stakeholders are emphasized as crucial factors for the success of human resource development in India.

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Human resource development, social dimension, economic dimension, cultural dimension, geographical dimension, political dimension, psychological dimension

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Higher education plays a significant role in determining a nation's economy, social standing, level of technological adoption, and healthy human behaviour. The country's education department is in charge of enhancing GER so that all citizens have access to higher education opportunities. To that end, the National Education Policy of India 2020 is making progress. opening up higher education to the private sector while enforcing stringent restrictions to maintain quality across the board is the goal through implementing creative policies to improve the quality, attractiveness, affordability, and supply. By promoting merit-based admissions with free-ships and scholarships, merit-based researchers serving as faculty members, merit-based leaders in governing bodies, and rigorous quality control. The present paper is designed to make a comparsion of the basis of selected parameters.

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NEP 2020, GEP, Parametric comparison

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