Volume 11 | Issue 7

 Abstract

The key findings suggest that, government of India's expenditure has a significant impact on the growth and development of the country and it also highlights the strong relationship with economic growth and revenue generation in the short-run. The finding also sheds the light on the impact on the GDP and FDI and thus helps to understand the significance of the positive relationship with economic growth in both the short-run and long-run. The spending done by the government helps the poor people of India as it helps to enable the redistribution of income of the population and thus results in high consumption capacity of poor people. Therefore, government expenditure help to boost capacity consumption and other associated economic activity.

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GDP, Government spending, Economic growth, monitory policies, fiscal deficit reduction

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The concrete structures which are continuously exposed to moisture or salt water are prone to deteriorate quickly. The reinforcement present within the concrete members are the key elements for the durability of any structure. The structural members of a cooling tower are distressed due to continuous exposure of moisture and due to which concrete spalling, reinforcement corrosion occurred. To treat the distressed portions of the members shotcreting using readily available cementitious material is being used , the strengthening of columns were being done using micro concreting , the voids in the concrete members are treated using epoxy injection grouting, the localized spalled regions are treated using polymer modified repair mortar and after repairing the concrete members, the entire concrete surface is being treated using crack bridge water proofing coating and anti-carbonation coating to increase durability of the structure

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Shotcreting , Epoxy Grouting, Micro-Concreting, Crack bridge water proof coating and Anti-Carbonation Coating

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Packaging in the form of single use plastics have degraded our planets' health which have created world-wide attention. Through awareness, now consumers are highly concerned for the environment and are demanding sustainable packaging options such as green packaging. The major goal of current study is to determine how demographic variables have an effect on consumers' environmental concern leading towards green packaging. A sample of 341 respondents were chosen from Delhi NCR and Haryana state. For data analysis, T test and ANOVA test are applied. Key findings suggest favourable differences between consumers' environmental concern and their demographics.

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Environmental concern, Green Packaging, Sustainability, Green Consumers

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Virginia Woolf was the daughter of Sir Leslie Stephen, eminent editor of the Cornhill Magazine and of the Dictionary of National Biography. She was married to the writer Leonard Woolf and was a member of the Bloomsbury group and shared its ideas and beliefs. She shared the experimentalism of her age. Her realism was psychological realism. In her novel, she used the 'stream-of-consciousness technique to express the new consciousness. Another curious fact about Virginia Woolf was that she was wholly dedicated to writing. She had a singleness of purpose in mind. She was full of interest. One is surprised by the richness and complexity of her work. The English language was at her command. She had the imagination and sensitivity of a poet. She was a poet working in the medium of prose. She was highly sensitive, imaginative, dedicated, and witty as well. She was an intellectual lady but she was not confined to intellectualism. She was a social creature interested in society with an outlook both warm and shrewd. Her outlook was the outlook of the woman and can be best seen through her feminism.

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Virginia Woolf, Feminism, Novels

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The paper takes a descriptive approach towards a novel financial instrument - Exchange Traded Fund or ETF in the Indian market. In spite of its introduction in 2002, there has been very limited acceptance of this simple, low-cost and affordable financial instrument among the Indian retail investors. Previous literature survey has highlighted the usefulness of this product as the best first-time investment option for new retail investors. This is even better than index funds because of low cost, real-time pricing and easy liquidity. The paper further examines the difference of this product from mutual funds and index funds. It also ponders over relevant issues involved in ETF investing like taxation, dividend, expenses, relevant risks and impact on financial market.

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Keywords: Exchange Traded Fund, ETF, index fund, authorised participant, mutual fund

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To begin my essay, I would like to draw upon a famous quote by Nelson Mandela, who says, "Where globalisation means, as it so often does, that the rich and powerful now have new means to further enrich and empower themselves at the cost of the poorer and weaker, we have a responsibility to protest in the name of universal freedom." In my essay, I would first like to discuss globalisation as a term and how the world being globalised speedily influences global news and subsequently results in the formation of a new global public sphere.

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News, Global, Media, Public

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Reproductive rights refer to the basic human rights and freedoms related to individuals ability to make decisions about their reproductive health and to control their own bodies and reproductive lives. The judiciary has a substantial and developing role in addressing the theoretical and actual obstacles that prevent women and girls from having access to reproductive health care. The government has been mandated to move away from population control strategies, confront discriminatory stereotypes that restrict women's authority, and instead place women's rights to dignity, autonomy, and bodily integrity at the centre of reproductive health-related law. Litigation has its challenges, however, including lengthy time frames and difficulty implementing decisions. We must incorporate "liberal" abortion policies. Under Article-21, of the Indian constitution the right to liberty women's reproductive Choice falls under the right to personal liberty. According to this article, it is solely the women's rights to get herself protected and also, she possesses the sacrosanct right to have her bodily integrity protected. It also includes access to safe abortion, and entitlement of the right of women to access technology for the safest abortion care. Every woman must have access to abortion services because making abortion illegal may have consequences for the right to life. This can be supported by the cases of suicides that young women commit as a result of not having an abortion because the state has made it illegal, which is a clear violation of their right to life. Anti-abortion laws could result in needless deaths, which would raise questions about the responsibility to guarantee that everyone has the right to life.

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Abortion, Reproductive Rights, Article 21 of Constitution, Judiciary

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Around 40 to 50 percent of overall businesses are owned by women in the developing countries. Women entrepreneurs have more capacity to earn then their male counterparts, but the socio-cultural environment hinders them. Entrepreneurship has always been one of the factors contributing to the economic development of a nation. Enrollment of women in entrepreneurial activities, can increase the economic base of a nation. Similarly, empowering women and providing them with the necessary resources, both physical and financial can pave a way towards women owned start-ups and expansion of their current business portfolio. This study is undertaken to understand the emerging trends and issues of women entrepreneurs in Palghar district of Maharashtra. In Palghar district, there are many opportunities available to women entrepreneurs' still they are backward because they face many problems such as Family problems, management of Finance, managing manpower and Professional disrespect and gender bias. Big pain points for tribal communities even after 74 years of independence. A major issue is the empowerment of tribal women which is not possible without a sustainable and respectable income source.

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Women entrepreneur, Entrepreneurship, opportunities, challenges, Schemes.

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The concept of marriage is the key theme in Deshpande's novels and she successfully layers out the reasons for the dissonance in marital life. The success of her portrayal lies in the clarity with which she unveils the characters to resume their conjugal life even after a storming mental agony. All Deshpande's novels feature marriage that has traditional and cultural roots specific in the Indian subcontinent that fall within the Hindu marriage system. Marriage is the constant and central aspect that can be observed in the novels of Deshpande. This article throws light on the conflict in the conjugal relationship in The Binding Wine and analyses the reasons for angst and disappointment in the characters.

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Key Words: marriage, dissonance, angst, disappointment, anticipation

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XRD, SEM, EDAX, TEM

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This paper delves into the critical significance of teacher professional development and continuous learning in the education field, emphasizing their positive influence on teaching quality, student outcomes, and overall educational progress. Through extensive research and case studies, the paper explores effective strategies for teacher development, including the integration of technology and collaborative approaches. It addresses the challenges faced by teachers in accessing professional development and advocates for flexible and personalized options. The study highlights the role of school leadership in facilitating meaningful development opportunities and emphasizes the need for a culture of learning within educational institutions. Ultimately, investing in continuous teacher development fosters excellence in education, preparing students for a dynamic future.

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Teacher professional development, Continuous learning, Teaching effectiveness, Student outcomes, Educational change.

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Concept Mapping is a method that inspires learning and aids in critical thinking, encourages students to connect new knowledge gained to their prior learning and also opens the chance to acquire more knowledge and information about a wide range of concepts within a short duration. The main objective of the study was to assess the effectiveness of two teaching strategies Concept Mapping over Lecture method on Physiology of Pain and to assess the perception of the students regarding teaching strategies. A quantitative research approach using an experimental study, pre-test post-test control group design was adopted for the study. The study was conducted in selected nursing colleges in Pathanamthitta and Trivandrum district of Kerala, India. Using multi-stage cluster sampling technique 237 1st year BSc nursing students were selected 124 sample in control group and 113 sample in experimental group. The tool used for the study were a structured questionnaire for personal data and Knowledge and a structured opinionnaire. The findings of the study showed that the post-test scores of the samples in experimental group (76) 67.3 % had moderate knowledge, (37) 32.7 % had good knowledge was more than the post-test scores of the samples in control group (66) 53.2 % had moderate knowledge, (23) 18.6 % had good knowledge, thus concluding that concept mapping is a good method of teaching. The study results further show the opinion of the samples; data shows mean values of each aspect was higher for Concept Mapping compared to Lecture method of teaching, statistics shows that the p values were less than 0.01, concluding that the students considered concept mapping more effective than Lecture method of teaching. Data also shows that there was no association between pre-test knowledge score and selected demographic variables at 0.05 level of significance. The study concludes that concept mapping is an effective teaching strategy for teaching nursing students. Concept mapping was more effective in increasing the Knowledge of students as compared to Lecture method. The opinion of the students regarding concept mapping was high as students felt concept mapping as a good method of teaching considering many aspects like collaboration with other, encourages deep thinking etc. Thus the study shows that among the two strategies concept mapping was more effective and the students also perceived Concept mapping as a better teaching strategy than Lecture method.

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Teaching Strategies, Concept Mapping, Lecture, Effectiveness, Knowledge, Perception

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Introduction Attention refers to being able to focus on a specific task without being distracted. It is different from simply being alert, because alertness refers to basic arousal. An alert person is simply awake. An alert but inattentive person will be attracted to any novel stimulus in the environment, but will not be able to screen out irrelevant stimuli. The ability to sustain attention over time (vigilance) must be present before more complex functions like learning can be evaluated. Adolescence is the transition phase between childhood and adulthood, from chronological age 10 to 19. Adolescents experience rapid physical, cognitive and psychosocial growth. In this period, they are highly vulnerable population to biological, social and environmental perturbations. This affects how they feel, think, make decisions, and interact with the world around them. Poor attention in adolescents can be detrimental to their academic performance. Hence, this study, aiming at importance of attention span, gave Opportunities through some occupational therapy activities to develop their educational skills by sustaining their attention. Aim & Objective of the study The study aims to assess the adolescent age group students, in mainstream (school) education,with valid questionnaire, on attention span. This would enhance identifying those suffering with reduced attention span. The objectives are ? To apply SNAP-IV assessment for first level screening of attention span ? To apply Vanderbilt assessment, for classifying them into categories of attention problem ? To list out, students, as per their class schedules, into activity session of Occupational therapy ? After activity sessions, to do post therapy assessment, find out whether the selected activities (OT) were helpful in enhancing attention. Method of study Study design Simple random sampling was applied as it is an experimental study Study setting & duration Around Chidambaram town, students were selected. With proper obtained consent from authorities, Participants involved, for duration of two months study was conducted in the following schools. Rani seethai achi higher secondary school, Sr. Ramakrishna Vidhayala Higher Secondary School, Ramasamy chettiar's town higher secondary school Selection criteria Children studying 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, & 11th of age 12 to 17 years Both Male and Female gender were included for the study 10th and 12th std students were excluded in this study. Data analysis & Result It is seen from the table that majority of respondents belong to 15-16 years of age group. Moreover, 76.8% of respondents are male from all the three selected schools of Chidambaram, and 23.2% of them are female, who were having attention problems. DISCUSSION This study, Enhancement of Attention in Adolescents through Occupational Therapy activities was done in mainstream school children in & around Chidambaram. In the study identification of poor attention was done by B.Ed trainees students of Annamalai University. They were described about the project, by utilising proper permission from HOD of Education department. Using SNAP-IV for the assessment, trainees screened 200 Students. Among the 200 students, diagnosed, with Vanderbilt assessment sub scale, 56 students showed exact problems with ATTENTION. With appropriate permission from schools headmasters and headmistress three session of occupational therapy activities was conducted per week. Before participation in Occupational therapy activities, they were taken the pre-test value with Vanderbilt assessment. Post-test assessment showed the selected activities enhance attention in selected sample. CONCLUSION Although many questionnaires are designed for parents and teachers for ADHD like conditions, the students studying in mainstream education are less identified with their existing learning problems. Two standardized tools used in this study, helped easy identification & sorting down learning problems. The students with the authorities at schools were also cooperative, inspite of their routine school academics. Through Occupational Therapy activities, they found an improvement in their attention, thereby in their studies. As the schools were having exams, post therapy was conducted in one month & it showed notable changes in Vanderbilt pre & post therapy score. Adolescent neurodevelopment Journal of Health (2013) also mentions that brain continues to refine, undergo important morphological and functional transformations during adolescence period. A lot of other internal- and external factors might affect the attention span. With ability to sustain attention on a task, focused attention, multitasking ability, Concentration, ability to recall, retain and elicit information (short term & long term memory) develops. If a person can't concentrate long enough on the information available, it is impossible to correctly recall or learn subjects at school. Thus attention is basic requirement in learning. In adolescent student's reasons for developing inattention, enhancing attention through Occupational Therapy is effectively framed in this study. Occupational therapy programs can also help students enhance school education is thus proved in the study.

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Attention, Adolescent age, vulnerable population, SNAP-IV assessment Vanderbilt assessment, Occupational Therapy activities

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Puranas are the main source of Indian literature and culture. Some of the deep aspects and real memories of human life that have been going on for many centuries are found in the stories of Puranas. According to Puranas the Past, Present and Future of our life are surrounded by the story and characters of Humans, Superhuman, Demons, Rakshasas, Monsters, Gandharvas, and Yakshas. As human beings, we love to analyze daily activities with our mythological stories; sometimes with the characters also. Particular words from myth were converted as regular words in our conversation. The word 'Astom gorvo' is not only the eighth womb it also carries a huge meaning in this novel named as 'Astom gorvo', written by Bani Basu.

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Myth, Mythology, Trust, Eighth womb, Reality, Real Life

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In the sake of technology and innovative advancements, humans have ruined the environment. However, these changes have a significant impact on the cosmos and its inhabitants, particularly the tribal peoples, who are the underserved groups in society. In this essay, we make an effort to examine the diverse effects of ecological degradation on tribal and scriptural responses to ecological destruction.

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ecology, ecological destruction, tribals, land, displacement

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Propagation of different religions in Bastar region also started around 50th century. Shati to 13th. -14th. Can be seen till century. Although it can be said that in that period also the craftsmen in Bastar had started making idols of various gods and goddesses. Goddess worship has been prevalent in Bastar since prehistoric times. However, its concrete evidence is available in the form of crafts and inscriptions from 8th century AD. Shakta idols in different forms have been found in different parts of Bastar. Vindhyavasini Devi is mentioned in the Kuruspal inscription of Chhindkanag dynasty ruler Someshwardev. It is known from his records that Manikeshwari Devi was his family goddess who is still present in Dantewada by the name of Danteshwari Devi. Which is the symbol of their Shakti faith. Katyayini was praised in the Kanker copper plate of the Somvanshi ruler Pamparajdev of the twelfth century AD. There is a temple of Kali at Bhadrakali, where every year the Kakasad ceremony is celebrated by them in honor of the Goddess. Apart from this, Chhote Dongar of Bastar, Barsur, Mahishmardini in Dantewada, Bade Dongar, Danteshwari Temple Barsur, Matagudi Bhairamgarh, four-armed Parvati, Gauri in Samalur, Deorli Temple's Ashtabhuji Durga, Lakshmi, Saraswati, Bhairavi, Varahi, Chamunda of Shiva temple, Shiva in Samalur, Mahishmardini in Odagaon, Parvati, Katya in Mandpal Jagdalpur Various idols of Nee, Ambika, Indrani etc. have been found which are full of beauty.

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Maheshwari, Shivani, Mahishasurmardini, Sculpture, Ancient

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This study offers a detailed examination of the (EMS) Energy Management System used in (HESS) Hybrid Energy Storage Systems for (EVs) Electric Vehicles. The system consists of a combination of a Battery, (FC) Fuel Cell, and Super- Capacitor(SC). The industry's top priority is to growth the battery method effectiveness and efficiency under protected working conditions. This demands for expansion in the operating conditions of the battery through resourceful EMS. There are several methodologies to achieve these objectives out of which, adaptive fuzzy logic control strategy is sturdy, robust, and environmentally friendly and have sparked a worldwide interest in the automotive industry. Energy management is consequently essential to extend battery life without compromising vehicle performance in hybrid electric vehicles. This study emphasizes the extensiveness of different control systems utilized for energy management including energy management system optimization.

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Hybrid Energy Storage System, Energy Management System, FLC, Battery, Fuel Cell, Supercapacitor, Ultracapacitor, Hybrid Electric vehicle, Control Strategies

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Smartphone users and the number of mobile apps availability are both constantly expanding. It's typical to anticipate that a smartphone would operate similarly like a computer. For the same we introduce the Virtual Smartphone over IP system, which allows users to design virtual Smartphone images in the mobile cloud and modify each image to fulfil specific requirements. VISP, a cloud-based platform for virtual smart phones, is suggested by this study. The hardware capabilities of each mobile device vary widely, which has an impact on how users engage with their smart phones. To address this, we offer cloud-deployed virtual smart phones.

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Virtual machine, virtual reality, smartphones VSP.

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The present study was conducted by using Non experimental Descriptive Survey Design and quantitative Research Approach with convenience sampling technique under non probability sampling was selected. A study was done by selecting 325 female college students studying at selected colleges of Ambala Haryana. For data collection demographic tool, Structured knowledge questionnaire and Attitude Scale was used. The calculated value for reliability of structured knowledge questionnaire was 0.62 with KR-20 formula and for Standard Attitude scale calculated value was 0.914 by using Cronbrach formula. A study demonstrates the relationship between female college students' attitudes and awareness about eating disorders. At the 0.05 level of significance, the computed correlation value of -0.72 was determined to be statistically insignificant, showing a mediocre negative connection between female college students' knowledge and attitude. As a result, hypothesis H2 is rejected. The findings suggest that knowledge and attitude are independent of one another.

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knowledge, attitude, eating disorders, students, colleges.

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This research aims to assist McDonald's and other fast-food businesses in improving their strategies, enhancing customer satisfaction, and driving business growth. The research methodology includes a descriptive design, data collection through questionnaires from 150 respondents, and analysis using tools like percentage analysis, rank analysis, chi-square analysis, and correlation analysis. The survey was conducted with in the coimbatore city. The findings reveal important recommendations for McDonald's, such as introducing healthier options, enhancing convenience and customisation, partnering with local suppliers, and leveraging technology to improve the overall customer experience. Overall, this study emphasises the significance of customer satisfaction and preference in the success of McDonald's and highlights the importance of adapting to evolving customer preferences and expectations.

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Customer perceptions, McDonald's, Fast food, Customer satisfaction and Purchasing habits

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