Volume 12 | Issue 7

 Abstract

Natural Language Processing (NLP) has witnessed significant advancements with the advent of Transformer-based architectures. Vision Transformers (ViTs), initially designed for image recognition tasks, have recently demonstrated potential in NLP applications due to their ability to handle sequential data effectively. This paper explores the application of Vision Transformers in NLP, focusing on their architecture, adaptation for text data, and comparative performance analysis with traditional NLP models. The study aims to investigate the application of Vision Transformers in NLP, assess their performance compared to traditional models, and identify potential areas for improvement. The results indicate that Vision Transformers can outperform conventional models in certain NLP tasks, offering a promising avenue for future research

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Natural Language Processing, Vision Transformers, Image recognition

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The various social media platforms are used for easy access of information from the distinctive field that might constitute an offensive discussion. Therefore, existing studies are examined to reduce offensive harassment cases online. The spread of hate speech is growing with the ubiquity and anonymity through the means of social media for many years. Thus, the increase in demand showed an automated model for the detection of hate speech. This research work utilizes Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) models for hate speech detection which helps the network to learn complex patterns in the data. The proposed Bi-LSTM learned the c complex patterns present in the network data and the activation function made an end decision that should be fired out into the next neuron. The classification results showed that the proposed Bi-LSTM classified the reviews as abusive or non-abusive speech.

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Bi-LTSM, DFD, CNN, SVM, BERT, GRU, RF.

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A duodenal ulcer is a specific type of ulcer that occurs in the lining of the small intestine, particularly in the duodenum, which is the first section of the small intestine immediately after the stomach. This condition is characterized by inflammation and the formation of a sore, which can cause significant abdominal pain. Duodenal ulcers are a common cause of abdominal discomfort, and while they can be quite painful, they often heal within a few weeks with appropriate treatment. Duodenal ulcers fall under the broader category of peptic ulcer disease (PUD). PUD encompasses both duodenal ulcers and gastric ulcers, which are ulcers that form in the lining of the stomach. Both types of ulcers result from a disturbance in the mucosal surface, which is the protective lining of the stomach and duodenum. This disturbance can cause the mucosal surface to erode and form ulcers. The mucosal surface consists of several defensive layers, including pre-epithelial, epithelial, and subepithelial components, all of which work together to protect the underlying tissues from damage. The primary symptom associated with duodenal ulcers is dyspepsia, which is a term for upper abdominal pain or discomfort. However, more severe complications can arise if the ulceration progresses, including gastrointestinal bleeding, obstruction of the digestive tract, the formation of a fistula (an abnormal connection between organs), or even perforation of the stomach or duodenum wall. The presence and severity of symptoms can significantly influence the management and treatment approach for the condition. When diagnosing peptic ulcer disease, it's important to consider a patient's history, especially if they have symptoms of dyspepsia, a history of using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), or a previous diagnosis of infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). H. pylori is a common bacterial infection that is a major cause of peptic ulcers. Therefore, testing for H. pylori is recommended for all patients with peptic ulcer disease, particularly those with duodena ulcers. NSAIDs, which are commonly prescribed to manage pain and fever, can also contribute to the development of peptic ulcer disease, even with short-term use. This is particularly relevant for children, who may be given NSAIDs to manage fever. Doctors should consider the potential risks and use these medications cautiously, advising caregivers about the importance of moderation and the potential dangers of over use. In summary, duodenal ulcers are a type of peptic ulcer that causes significant abdominal pain and requires careful diagnosis and treatment. Understanding the underlying causes, including the role of H. pylori infection and the impact of NSAID use, is crucial for effective management and prevention of complications.

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Duodenal ulcer, Helicobacter pylori, NSAIDs, Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)

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This study investigates the impact of exercise adherence on the wellbeing of students, employing a single factorial design. The sample, comprising 200 subjects, was divided into two groups: those who engage in regular exercise and those who do not. Mean scores and standard deviations (S.D.) were calculated for each group, revealing a significant difference. Students who exercise regularly exhibited a higher mean score of 22.35 (S.D. = 8.7), while non-exercising students had a lower mean score of 15.30 (S.D. = 9.70). The 't' test, with a score of 9.04 at the 0.01 level, demonstrated statistical significance, emphasizing the robust correlation between exercise adherence and wellbeing. The interpretation of results suggests a positive association between regular exercise and overall wellbeing, supported by lower variability in scores among exercising students. This aligns with past studies emphasizing the cognitive, academic, and mental health benefits of exercise. The implications of these findings extend beyond statistical significance, advocating for the integration of exercise into student lifestyles to foster holistic wellbeing.

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 Keywords

Exercise Adherence, Student Wellbeing.

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Construction industry is considered as one of the most important and second largest industries in India after agriculture. It is well known that most construction projects in India, especially in Tamil Nadu are exposed to time and cost overrun or both. Time cost schedule is a crucial task in construction project management. This phenomenon may affect the progress of construction industry in India as well as may expose many institutions of construction to be destroyed for instance; it can materially help to identify the expected financial requirements. It is also an important tool for the time control process. Construction project time schedule is greatly affected by many uncertain but predictable factors. This research list the main factors affecting time and cost overrun and discusses their influence on schedule performance. The main factors are analysis using Statistical Package for the Social Science. From the analysis planning and scheduling deficiencies, financial unavailability, quality of materials, rain / inclement weather effect, inaccurate time estimates, design changes by owner found to be most critical factors.

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Phenomenon, Critical factors and Construction.

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This study investigates perceived service quality in higher education, focusing on dimensions such as administrative quality, physical environment, core educational quality, support facilities, and transformative quality and its impact on students' choice of Higher education institutes. Using a sample of 180 students from The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda and Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, the study reveals significant positive correlations among these dimensions, highlighting the central roles of Core Educational Quality and Physical Environment Quality. Despite these findings, regression analysis shows that socio-demographic factors (Residential Location, Employment Status, Gender, and Age) do not significantly impact perceived service quality. Factor analysis identifies a single underlying factor accounting for the majority of variance in service quality perceptions. The results emphasize the importance of enhancing key service quality dimensions to improve overall perceptions and achieve positive educational outcomes and student satisfaction.

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Brand Image, Higher Educational Institutes, Brand Equity, Perceived Service Quality, Service attributes.

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The leaves of Calotropis gigantea have long been used to treat edema, cancer, wounds, recurrent fevers, paralysis, and hurting joints. As an antispasmodic and anti-asthmatic, it is also applied externally for leprosy, eczema, boils, ulcers, scabies, and piles. Positive anti-inflammatory effects seem to be present. However, research has not demonstrated that it has anti-inflammatory qualities. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate, via an in vitro method, the anti-inflammatory qualities of an extract derived from Calotropis gigantea leaves. Using petroleum ether (60-800), chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, ethanol, and distilled water, the leaves of Calotropis gigantea were extracted gradually. After that, the extract was tested utilizing a slightly modified inhibition of albumin denaturation approach for in vitro anti-inflammatory efficacy. We employed 100 mg/kg of etoricoxib as the usual reference drug. Calotropis gigantea leaf ethanolic extract produced a denaturation inhibition percentage of 85.71%, which was comparable to that of etoricoxib, indicating that the extract possesses potent anti-inflammatory qualities.

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Calotropis gigantea, antispasmodic, antiasthmatic, antiinflammatory activity.

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A desktop assistant on Linux is a software application designed to assist users in performing various tasks on their Linux-based desktop system. It typically integrates with the desktop environment and offers a user-friendly interface for performing common tasks such as launching applications, managing files and folders, and accessing system settings. The assistant can also be customized with plugins or extensions to add additional functionality. The main goal of a desktop assistant on Linux is to make the user experience as smooth and efficient as possible. By centralizing common tasks and providing an accessible interface, the assistant eliminates the need for users to navigate complex system settings or memorize multiple keyboard shortcuts. This, in turn, makes it easier for users to perform everyday tasks on their Linux-based desktop system, increasing productivity and overall satisfaction with their experience.

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Deep Learning, Machine learning, NLP, Voice Assistant, Linux, Artificial Intelligence, Speech Recognition, LLMs.

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Road maintenance is critical for ensuring safe and efficient transportation networks, with potholes posing significant risks to vehicles and pedestrians. Current methods of pothole detection are often labor-intensive or rely on expensive sensor technologies. This project proposes an innovative approach using deep learning for automated pothole detection. The focus is on convolutional neural networks (CNNs), known for their effectiveness in image analysis tasks. The project involves adapting and fine-tuning state-of-the-art CNN architectures through transfer learning, leveraging pre-trained models on large-scale image datasets to improve accuracy across various road conditions. Key challenges addressed include the variability in pothole appearances (size, shape, depth) and the system's robustness to environmental conditions such as lighting and weather. Real-time processing capabilities are prioritized for practical deployment on vehicles or drones equipped with cameras. Evaluation metrics include detection accuracy, precision, recall, and computational efficiency, measured using annotated datasets from urban and rural environments. By enabling proactive maintenance strategies through timely pothole detection, the system aims to enhance road safety and optimize infrastructure management. This research contributes to advancing automated road inspection systems, facilitating safer and more efficient road networks through technological innovation.

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Deep Learning, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Object Detection, Image Processing, Computer Vision, Pothole Detection, Road Maintenance, Real-time Monitoring, Transfer Learning, Data Augmentation, Edge Computing, 5G Networks, Predictive Analytics, Infrastructure Management, Autonomous Systems

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Water conservation includes all the policies, strategies and activities to sustainably manage the natural resource of fresh water, to protect the hydrosphere, and to meet the current and future human demand (thus avoiding water scarcity). Population, household size and growth and affluence all affect how much water is used.

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A study to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching program on knowledge regarding importance of water conservation among the residents of urban areas Indore.

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The "Data Retrieval from Broken Devices" project tends to the basic test of removing data from harmed or failing electronic devices, enveloping a assortment of mediums, for example, cell phones, hard drives, and memory cards. With the pervasiveness of computerized data, the failure to get to data from broken devices presents a critical obstruction to people and associations. This venture centers around fostering a complete philosophy for the retrieval of data from assorted broken devices, taking into account both equipment and programming based recuperation draws near. The system is supported by a careful comprehension of the novel difficulties presented by physical harm, data debasement, and different issues normal to failing devices. Our group utilizes a scope of particular devices and gear to execute the data retrieval process, tending to the unmistakable prerequisites of every gadget class. The venture not just diagrams the specialized advances associated with data recuperation yet additionally accentuates the moral and lawful contemplations innate in taking care of touchy data. Key parts of the venture incorporate the classification of broken devices, a nitty gritty assessment of moves intended for every classification, and the definition of protection and safety efforts to defend the recuperated data. The documentation gives a bit by bit manual for the data retrieval process, guaranteeing straightforwardness and replicability. The progress of this undertaking is proven by the thorough documentation of discoveries, including approval cycles to guarantee data trustworthiness. The created approach, apparatuses, and methods add to the foundation of a powerful structure for future data retrieval tries. This theoretical epitomizes the meaning of the "Data Retrieval from Broken Devices" project, offering an answer for a unavoidable issue in the computerized age while underlining moral contemplations and giving important bits of knowledge for future undertakings in the field of data recuperation.

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Data Retrieval form Broken devices

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ABSTRACT Topical drug delivery systems have become crucial for treating localized skin conditions, providing targeted action with minimal systemic side effects. Emulgels, combining emulsions and gels, offer a controlled delivery system that accommodates both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. Discovered a century ago, Pickering emulsions have been extensively studied in recent decades. This type of emulsion is uniquely stabilized solely by solid particles positioned at the oil-water interface. By properly selecting and adjusting the types and properties of solid emulsifiers, Pickering emulsions can be utilized in various industries, such as biomedicine, food, fine chemical synthesis, and cosmetics. This review highlights the importance of Pickering emulgels over classical emulsions. In this review, composition, synthesis and characterization parameters of Pickering Emulgels are presented. The objective of this article is to provide a broad view of how the PE can serve as a good choice for local drug delivery because of its excellent penetration properties and its future uses.

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Pickering Emulgel, topical drug delivery, pharmaceutical applications

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is the major cause of morbidity and mortality burden in the world. Young patients with CAD are specific subset of population requiring attention. A variety of possible contributing factors that include substance abuse, coronary artery anomalies, oral contraceptive use in young women have been implicated for the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction The world health organization has defined Ischemic heart disease as myocardial function impairment due to imbalance between coronary blood flow and myocardial requirement the most common cause being atherosclerosis. Nurses play a strong role in helping patients reduce their risk for disease and make informed lifestyle changes. Reliability of the nurses is critical for them to serve as role models and educators.

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A study to assess the level of knowledge regarding assessment and management of mayocardial infraction among nursing staff in selected hospital at Indore.

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The Evolution of Human Rights Protections in International Law: A Historical and Contemporary Analysis, explores the development of human rights norms from early philosophical and religious foundations to modern international frameworks. It traces key milestones, including the Magna Carta, the English Bill of Rights, and landmark declarations such as the U.S. Declaration of Independence and the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. The article examines the establishment and role of the League of Nations, the formation of the United Nations, and the drafting and adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). It further analyzes significant international treaties like the ICCPR, ICESCR, CERD, CEDAW, and CRC. The study also addresses contemporary challenges in balancing state sovereignty with international obligations, ensuring compliance, and promoting digital rights and gender equality. The article underscores the importance of grassroots movements, global cooperation, and the continuous strengthening of international mechanisms to uphold human rights globally.

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Human Rights, International Law, Magna Carta, English Bill of Rights, League of Nations, United Nations, Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR),International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR),Digital Rights, Gender Equality.

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Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) is a beneficial method of caring for premature infants, promoting bonding and improving health outcomes. This study aims to assess the knowledge and perceptions of KMC among antenatal mothers in public hospitals, and to evaluate the effectiveness of video-assisted self-instruction in enhancing their understanding of KMC. A pre-post intervention design will be employed, where participants will undergo educational sessions using instructional videos followed by self-instructional modules. Data will be collected using a structured questionnaire before and after the intervention to assess changes in knowledge and perception. Findings will contribute to understanding the impact of educational interventions on maternal knowledge and readiness to practice KMC.

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Kangaroo Mother Care, preterm infants, antenatal mothers, educational intervention, video-assisted self-instruction

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Sustainable development has emerged as a paramount global imperative in the twenty-first century, driven by the interconnected challenges of environmental degradation, economic inequality, and social injustice. This article explores the multifaceted significance of sustainable development across environmental, economic, and social dimensions. The environmental dimension highlights the urgency of mitigating climate change through renewable energy adoption and biodiversity conservation efforts. Economic sustainability is examined through the lens of resource efficiency and the promotion of green technologies, emphasizing their role in fostering long-term economic prosperity. Social sustainability underscores the critical link between sustainable development and poverty alleviation, alongside initiatives promoting health, well-being, and equitable access to resources. Effective governance and international cooperation are pivotal in achieving sustainable development goals, necessitating robust national policies and collaborative efforts on a global scale. Education and awareness play crucial roles in fostering a collective commitment to sustainability, with emphasis on empowering future generations through comprehensive environmental education and impactful public awareness campaigns. Despite challenges such as economic costs and political inertia, the article outlines optimistic future prospects, fuelled by emerging technologies and the growing influence of youth-led movements. It concludes with a call to action for concerted global efforts and individual responsibility, envisioning a sustainable future founded on innovation, equity, and environmental stewardship.

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Environmental Stewardship, Social Equity, Economic Resilience, Climate Action, Global Collaboration.

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Lorraine Hansberry opens the floodgates of the stage for black writers, being the first black woman playwright and representing African-American families in her realistic play, A Raisin in the Sun. In the play, Hansberry brilliantly paints the portrait of a working-class family depicted by the Younger family, which in itself becomes a microcosm of Afro-American family conditions of living in the ghetto and blatant racism that prevailed even after the abolition of slavery. This paper attempts to explore the theme of deferred dreams of the characters in the play in context to the question of What happens to a dream deferred? in Hughes's poem Montage of a Dream Deferred.

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American Dream, Equality, Separation, Deference of dreams, American Myth, Black Community A

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In the 21st Century Education Scenario, Mathematical Literacy holds greater significance than traditional Mathematics because it emphasizes the application of Mathematical concepts in real-world problems. The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 of India point out the significance of Mathematical Literacy as a crucial component of the educational framework. The investigator tries to find out the contextual problems for the meaningful understanding of Mathematical structures and procedures which are pivotal for mathematization. To enhance mathematical literacy among learners at secondary level, interlink among the mathematical structures are to be emphasized. For this purpose, the investigator analyzed 8 th Standard Mathematics textbook (Part I) followed by SCERT, Kerala based on the four contexts defined by PISA Framework 2021. The number of problem references in each context was converted into tabular form. The analysis of data reveals that the secondary Mathematics curriculum focused more on scientific contexts compared to personal, societal contexts; while the occupational context remains zero. Also it reveals that Eight Standard Part I Mathematics textbook should incorporate more balanced variety of problems including personal, societal, and occupational contexts alongside scientific ones would enrich students' learning experience, making Mathematical concepts more relevant and applicable to real-world situations

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Mathematical Literacy, Secondary Mathematics Curriculum

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Assistive technology, voice recognition, sensor-based systems, mobility aids, rehabilitation, speech synthesis, user interfaces, healthcare technology, patient care, accessibility devices, voice- controlled devices, and home healthcare all contribute to enhancing the quality of life.

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Abstract It had been said by colonial scholars and historians that India possessed no history by pointing out that ancient India had a rich heritage of religious texts and literature. Still, it lacks historical works as compared to the scholars of Greece and Rome of those times who had systematically documented their period. It was only at the beginning of the medieval period that Muslim scholars started writing histories to document the triumph of Islam. But if we study the great literary works of Sanskrit literature in ancient India i.e. 'itihas-puran tradition', itivrtta, akhyayika, vansabali, carita, and chronicle of kings, then we find that they forms some types of historical sense. In this paper, I will point out the ideas of historical sense in the Sanskrit literature in India with special reference to Kalhana's 'Rajatarangini'. I will mostly focus on the translation which had been carried out by various historians through the 16th, 17th, 18th 19th, and 20th centuries, historical debates on the nature of Kalhana's 'Rajatarangini' and its values, his themes and contents, etc. There have been a lot of ongoing arguments related to to 'Rajatarangini' to define it as a literary work or a historical work. My work will try to show that it should be seen as the historical or the great literary texts written by a great man of Kashmir in the 12th century AD.

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 Keywords

Rajatarangini, Kalhana, Heritage, Chronology, Historical Issues

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