Volume 13 | Issue 7

 Abstract

Assisted reproductive technologies have posed legal and ethical questions, especially in the realm of posthumous reproduction, i.e., using a deceased male's gamete for procreation. In India, the Assisted Reproductive Technology (Regulation) Act, 2021, was passed to provide a legal framework for the regulation of fertility clinics and procedures; however, it conspicuously remains silent on the posthumous use of gametes, especially in the case of unmarried persons. In the recent petition before the Bombay High Court, a mother pleaded for granting her access to her deceased 21-year-old unmarried son's frozen semen to continue the family lineage, thus highlighting the lacunae in the Indian statute. This raises adamant questions: the issue of consent, ownership of biological material, and the treatment of gametes as property. The study critically examines and explores gaps within the ART Act, 2021 regarding such sensitive matters and analyzes whether the existing legal framework in India is able to deal with the fine nuances of posthumous reproductive rights. It further analyzes the intersection between reproductive autonomy and family rights with cultural values regarding lineage. Using comparisons with global legislative responses and judicial trends, the paper calls for an ethically grounded and rights-based reconstruction of reproductive laws in India that bring about clarity and consent whilst ensuring dignity in these very personal decisions.

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Keywords - Posthumous Reproduction, Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) Act, 2021, Frozen Gametes, Reproductive Rights.

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Soap is used in every day life and hence it needs to purchased , this people choose brands that are in vogue.The soap industry has many brands and these brands have their market share.The market share is to be analysed for understanding the industry in general.This paper is to understand how the industry makes its moves in terms of progress and competition.

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Consumer behaviour,product packing,new products, development of new markets, pricing, distribution network,retailers,dealers,consumer offers, product launch

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Mouth dissolving tablet is a rapidly dissolving dosage form that dissolves in the mouth without the intake of water and is mainly used for pediatric and geriatric patients due to its flexibility and patient compliance due to saliva components. It is a potential dosage form for drugs having high metabolism and low bioavailability. Solvent casting, hot melt extrusion, solid dispersion, semisolid casting, rolling, and other processes can all be used to create mouth dissolving tablet, but solvent casting is the most popular due to its consistency and superior physical properties. Mouth dissolving tablet is evaluated for the following parameters like physical parameters and chemical parameters some time it is also known as a orodispersible which disperse or disintegrate into oral cavity. The time required to disintegrate should be not more than 3 minutes. Dosage forms in which they are available are tablets and mouth dissolving tablets which when placed in oral cavity release drug instantaneously with rapid onset of action.

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MDT, Casting Tactics, Patient compliance, Geriatric Patients, Pediatric Patients.

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The Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME) sector is a significant driver of economic growth, employment, and innovation. Women entrepreneurs, in particular, play a pivotal role in this sector, contributing to societal and economic progress. This paper examines the initiatives undertaken by the Haryana state government and the central government of India to support and promote women entrepreneurship in the MSME sector. By addressing challenges such as limited access to finance, infrastructure, and skill development, these initiatives aim to create an enabling environment for women entrepreneurs. Key programs include financial assistance schemes, infrastructure development projects, skill training initiatives, and credit guarantee schemes. The concerted efforts by these governments highlight the commitment to fostering an inclusive entrepreneurial ecosystem that empowers women and promotes sustainable economic growth.

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MSME, Government Schemes, Women Entrepreneurs

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This study examines the ability to forge handwriting across 12 different occupations. For this study, I collected handwriting samples from 12 different professions, gathering 10 samples from each, resulting in 120 samples. Each participant was asked to provide an original handwriting sample followed by a forged version of the same content. To facilitate this, I supplied a piece of paper with specific handwriting. First, they copied the content in their handwriting, and then they forged the given handwriting. The samples were analyzed using 12 different handwriting characteristics. The samples were analyzed based on 12 different handwriting characteristics using the Chi-Square test. The analysis revealed that Artists, Police Officers, Army Officers, Bankers, Professors, IT professionals, Nurses were able to successfully forge handwriting, while doctors were unable to replicate their handwriting.

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Occupations, Forged handwriting, original handwriting, Chi-Square test, Analysis.

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Intrusion detection systems (IDS) are required to protect the modern communication networks. The main aim of such systems was pattern recognition, signature analysis and rule violation detection. The past few years have been promising in the field of network intrusion detection due to the implementation of Machine Learning and Deep Learning methods. These techniques are able to distinguish normal and abnormal trends. This paper checks Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) with the NSL-KDD benchmark data set using different forms of machine learning algorithms such as Support Vector Machines (SVM), Random Forest (RF), Decision Tree and Logistic Regression among others. We go into depth on how those methods worked, and how their findings surpassed those of earlier studies.

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Deep learning,Machine Learning,supervised Machine Learning Techniques,Decision Trees,Random Forest

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Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that modulates cortical excitability and enhances neuroplasticity through low-intensity electrical currents applied via scalp electrodes. This review examines the mechanisms, efficacy, and diverse applications of tDCS in areas such as cognitive enhancement, motor rehabilitation, and psychiatric treatment. A structured literature search was performed across major scientific databases to identify original research articles evaluating tDCS effects. The selected studies demonstrate the polarity-dependent modulation of brain activity, with anodal stimulation enhancing and cathodal stimulation reducing excitability. Findings suggest potential improvements in motor function post-stroke, enhancement of cognitive processes such as memory and multitasking, and alleviation of depressive symptoms in clinical populations. High-definition tDCS shows improved targeting of brain regions compared to conventional methods. Despite promising outcomes, challenges such as variability in individual responses, small sample sizes, and non-standardized protocols limit broader clinical adoption. Future research should focus on optimizing stimulation parameters and exploring long-term effects. Overall, tDCS holds considerable promise for therapeutic and enhancement purposes.

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transcranial direct current stimulation, tDCS and motor rehabilitation, tDCS and cognitive enhancement, and tDCS in psychiatric disorders.

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STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: "A study to assess knowledge regarding effects of substance abuse on health among adolescent students at the selected senior secondary school in Anupgarh district with a view to develop an informational booklet.'' OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 1. To assess the knowledge regarding effects of substance abuse on health among adolescent students of the selected senior secondary school in Anupgarh district. 2. To find out the significant association of knowledge regarding effects of substance abuse on health with their selected demographic variables. 3. To develop an information booklet regarding effects of substance abuse on health for adolescent students of the selected senior secondary school in Anupgarh district RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: A descriptive approach was used for this study. The study was carried out among adolescent students at the selected senior secondary school in Anupgarh district. The research design was descriptive research design. The sample comprised of total 100 adolescent students at the selected senior secondary school were selected by convenience sampling technique. MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE STUDY: o The study found a significant association between adolescents' knowledge of substance abuse and their age (?2=16.466) and educational standard (?2=6.9015) at the 0.05 level of significance, supporting the research hypothesis (H1). However, no significant association was found with gender, family type, area of residence, substance abuse in the family, or family income, leading to the acceptance of the null hypothesis (H0). This suggests that age and education level influence knowledge, while other demographic factors do not. Targeted educational interventions can enhance awareness among adolescents. o There was significant association between knowledge of adolescents and their socio- demographic variables such as Age (?2= 16.466) and educational standard (?2= 6.9015), at 0.05 level of significance. Hence the research hypothesis H1was accepted and null hypothesis H01 was rejected. o There was no significant association between knowledge of adolescents and their socio-demographic variables such as gender (?2= 0.1825), Type of Family (?2=1.9444), Area of residence (?2= 1.444) Substance abuse in family (?2= 0.2962) and family income (monthly) (?2=7.9524), at 0.05 level of significance. Hence the research hypothesis H1was rejected and null hypothesis H01was accepted. o The findings highlight that a significant portion of the adolescent population possesses good knowledge about substance abuse. However, gaps remain in certain areas, particularly among specific socio-demographic groups. The association of knowledge levels with variables such as age and educational standard suggests the need for targeted interventions. The study's results affirm the relevance and reliability of the research tool used CONCLUSION The following conclusions were drawn on the basis of the findings of the study. Majority (63%) had good knowledge, 36% had average knowledge, and only 1% had poor knowledge. Significant associations were observed between the level of knowledge and certain socio-demographic variables, such as age and educational standard. Most students were from urban areas, belonged to nuclear families, and had no history of substance abuse in their families. Age and education level significantly influence students' knowledge about substance abuse. Other demographic factors, including gender, family type, and residence, do not play a significant role. The study suggests focusing on educational interventions to improve awareness among younger students and those in lower grades.

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Knowledge, Substance abuse, adolescents, Informational booklet.

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Abstract : The present study focuses on the formulation and evaluation of a novel medicated herbal lip balm infusing Beta vulgaris (beetroot) juice , the balm is aimed at soothing chapped lips and reducing pigmentation. Lip balm serves as an effective semi-solid dosage form for topical localized treatment of lip-related conditions, providing a protective , shield like barrier, hydrating property , and targeted delivery of active ingredients with excellent patient compliance . The formulas developed in this study are innovative and new , have not been previously reported in the same combination and concentration. Our Two unique formulas (F1 and F2) were prepared using natural ingredients such as beeswax, almond oil, shea butter, rose oil, and alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E). Beta vulgaris provides a natural red tint along with antioxidant and anti-pigmentation properties. Alpha-tocopherol supports healing and protects lips from oxidative damage, enhancing the therapeutic potential. The lip balms were evaluated for organoleptic properties, pH, spreadability, greasiness, melting point, and skin irritation. Among the two, F2 demonstrated superior characteristics--improved consistency, reduced greasiness, balanced spreadability, and enhanced stability. Both formulations were found safe for application, but F2 emerged as more effective for daily use. This research supports the development of , natural, and treatment-oriented lip balm formulations using herbal ingredients.

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Key Words: Beta vulgaris, Beetroot extract, Alpha-tocopherol, Chapped lips, dry lips

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Because imaging technology keeps advancing, we now need new options for guarding the copyrights of digital images. Copyright can be used to make sure an image and its ownership are recognized and to notice if an image is copied illegally. Nowadays, libraries are shifting because digital resources are more accessible and easier to use. In digital library settings, both pictures and writings are shared on the internet for scholars to study. At the same moment, care is given to preventing people from using the photos illegally for any commercial purpose. We explain in this paper how perceptually based digital image watermarking uses the human eyes and brain to keep watermarks hidden. Any watermarking technique trying to add an invisible mark to an image can be considered perceptually based, no matter which other aspects it includes. Still, to ensure that watermarks are invisible and strong, advanced use of visual elements during the watermarking process has to be applied. We have offered a solution that increases the strength of the watermark.

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Digital image watermarking, Spread-Spectrum techniques.

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Abstract: Introduction: Intravenous (IV) therapy is an important part of clinical care. It can be used to restore fluids, administer blood products or medications, or serve as an alternate route for nutrition when the gastrointestinal tract is not functioning adequately. IV therapy is a common intervention in nursing practice and useful for rapidly addressing symptoms and restoring hemostasis. Although initiating IV therapy is a common nursing intervention, it is an invasive skill and requires diligent safety practices to prevent and address complications. Intravenous therapy (IV therapy) involves the administration of substances such as fluids, electrolytes, blood products, nutrition, or medications directly into a client 's vein. The intravenous route is preferred to administer fluid and medications when rapid onset of the medication or fluid is needed. The direct administration of medication into the bloodstream allows for a more rapid onset of medication actions, restoration of hydration, and correction of nutritional deficits. IV therapy is often used to restore fluids and/or electrolyte balances more efficiently than what would be achieved via the oral route. Aim: The Study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of A comparative study to evaluate the effectiveness of Video Demonstration Teaching Method versus Manual Demonstration Teaching Method on Knowledge regarding Intravenous Procedure among BSc. Nursing Students of BTNC, Sagar, MP, India. OBJECTIVES: Primary Objective: ? To determine if video demonstrations are more effective than manual demonstrations for teaching intravenous procedures. Methodology: This comparison study was conducted on 66 under B.sc nursing student who were randomly assigned to two group. Group A attended a classroom demonstration method and group B underwent video-based teaching on intravenous procedure. Learning level of both the groups was compared by using independent 't' test Result: The Pretest knowledge was notified that mean 16.75, standard deviation is 3.93 and minimum value 6.00 or maximum value is 25.00. The Post-test knowledge was notified that mean 26.30, standard deviation is 4.27 and minimum value 13.00 or maximum value is 35.00. Pre-test practice was notified that mean 20.51, standard deviation is 6.57 and minimum value 6.00 or maximum value is 33.00. The Posttest practice was notified that mean 39.50, standard deviation is 5.05 and minimum value 15.00 or maximum value is 48.00. After completing this study, study came to the conclusion that the students of B.Sc. Nursing in a selected university in Dehradun, Uttarakhand, had little understanding of cannulation and its care Conclusion: The study concludes by highlighting the intravenous procedure knowledge among the B.sc nursing student at BTNC Sagar M P. By providing them a knowledge in two ways, the video demonstration and the manual demonstration and compare the effectiveness. So, there can be less malpractice followed and no error can be seen in patient. It will help to provide the good quality of care to the patient and cost effective.

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KEYWORDS: Evaluate, Effectiveness, Knowledge, Video Demonstration, Manual Demonstration, Student.

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In an age where expression is abundant, silence remains a powerful and subversive literary device. This paper explores how silence functions not merely as absence but as a form of resistance in modern fiction. Through the analysis of key contemporary works--including those by Toni Morrison, Kazuo Ishiguro, and Arundhati Roy--this study examines how characters and narrators use silence to confront trauma, reject authority, and preserve agency. The research also investigates the thematic and structural use of unsaid or unspoken elements, arguing that silence, when deliberately employed, becomes a language of protest, memory, and power.

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Silence in literature, Literary resistance, Trauma narratives, Narrative structure, Unspeakable experiences, Modern fiction

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The Accessible Wardrobe app is an innovative, mobile-based solution specifically designed to address the clothing needs of disabled individuals and busy professionals who often face challenges in traditional shopping environments. The app is built on the principles of universal design, digital accessibility, and smart shopping experiences, offering users the ability to explore, try, rent, and purchase clothing with ease and personalization. At its core, the application leverages Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) technologies to enable a Virtual Try-On (VTO) Room, where users can upload their personal images and visualize how different garments will look on them in real-time. This drastically reduces guesswork and enhances user confidence when making style decisions--especially for users who may be physically unable to try clothes on in traditional stores. The virtual try on feature improves user satisfaction and minimizes returns, which is a common problem in online shopping. The platform provides three primary modes of engagement: A Clothing Purchase Module, where users can buy from a wide variety of curated outfits categorized by gender, type, size, and color. A Clothing Rental Service, designed for short-term needs like weddings, interviews, or events. This not only supports sustainable fashion practices but also makes high-quality clothing more affordable and accessible. A Virtual Try-On, It helps users to select their desired dresses, through the image uploaded in the profile they can easily try the clothes that suits on it Track customer history and preferences.

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Virtual Try-On Room, Augmented Reality, Clothing Rental Module, Clothing Purchase Module, Virtual Reality.

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In India, where it has lengthy been debatable for the law to well-known a husband's sexual abuse of his spouse, marital rape is still a major trouble. The felony and social ramifications of marital rape in India are tested in this text along with its many facets. The belief of marital rape and its unique placing in Indian society are delivered on the outset, with a focal point on how cultural and traditional norms have traditionally included offenders from prison repercussions. With references to pertinent sections of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) or the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), the legal shape surrounding marital rape is reviewed, with a specific awareness on the lack of laws mainly addressing the crime and the absence of exceptions for marital rape. A comparative evaluation gives viewpoints that may be beneficial in the Indian context with the aid of dropping mild on how different international locations have tackled marital rape via criminal reforms. Because they often thwart attempts to make marital rape against the law, sociological and cultural impediments like patriarchy, gender inequality, and the acceptability of male electricity in marriage are tested. The massive psychological and bodily effects that marital rape has on survivors, in addition to the broader societal repercussions, are also blanketed within the article. Given those problems, the have a look at suggests legislative adjustments, public cognizance projects, and survivor assist networks as methods to well-known and combat marital rape.

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IPC, BNS, Martial tape

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Education is one of the most significant factors which determine the social change in any society. It is widely recognized as a major factor influencing an individual's social as well as economic success, as it provides a pathway to improved opportunities and a better quality of life (OECD, 2020). According to Nelson Mandela, "Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world." Education plays a significant role in modernizing society. It enriches the knowledge, skills and personality of individuals to enhance the quality of life of individuals in the society. The impact of education is observed on all the communities. Bhalavalikar Gauda Saraswath Brahmins are one of the caste groups found in Dakshina Kannada District. The present paper aims at elaborating the educational status of the Bhalavalikar Gauda Saraswath Brahmin community. The paper includes the study of the level of education, parental aspiration regarding their children education and changes that have taken place due to their educational achievements. The present study is based on primary source of data collected from four Taluks of Dakshina Kannada district, namely Sullia, Puttur, Bantwala and Belthangady taluk. The study is both qualitative and quantitative in nature. Based on non-probability purposive sampling method 200 respondents were selected for the present study.

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Education, Educational Status, change, Parental aspiration, Bhalavalikar Gauda Saraswat Brahmins.

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The increasing demand for natural and effective skincare products has led to the development of facewashes incorporating antimicrobial agents derived from plant-based sources. This study focuses on the formulation, characterization and evaluation of a facewash enriched with antimicrobial ingredients, including extracts from coconut leaves, known for their potent antimicrobial activity. The facewash formulation combines surfactants with natural extracts such as coconut leaf extract, to enhance skin health and combat microbial growth. The antimicrobial activity was assessed using standard methods against common skin pathogens, including Escherichia coli. Results demonstrated significant antimicrobial efficacy, alongside favourable pH balance, viscosity, and skin compatibility. The facewash exhibited strong cleansing performance with minimal irritation, suggesting its potential as an effective, natural alternative for daily skincare routines.

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Antimicrobial activity, Coconut leaf, Tamarind seeds, Semisynthetic, Skin compatible.

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Homeopathy offers a holistic and individualized approach to dental pain management, particularly when conventional treatments are contraindicated or offer limited benefit. Boenninghausen's Therapeutic Pocket Book (TBR2) was chosen in this study due to its logical structure, emphasis on modalities and concomitants, and ease of application in busy outpatient settings where rapid yet precise prescribing is required. This retrospective audit evaluated 35 dental cases managed between 2021 and 2024 using individualized homeopathic prescriptions based on TBR2 repertorization. The most commonly encountered diagnoses were dental abscess (37%), neuralgic toothache (34%), and gingivitis (17%). Remedies such as Belladonna (26%), Hepar sulphuris calcareum (20%), and Mercurius solubilis (17%) were most frequently prescribed. Clinical improvement was observed in 88.5% of cases, with 74% of patients reporting moderate to marked relief within 48 to 72 hours. The average time to initial improvement was 2.3 days. The findings suggest that TBR2 provides an efficient and reliable framework for remedy selection in acute and suba

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Homeopathy, Dental Pain, Boenninghausen's Repertory, Case Series, Integrative Dentistry

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This study explores the digital marketing strategies employed by Selvas Kids Wear India Pvt. Ltd., a prominent children's apparel brand in India. With the rise of digital platforms, the company has strategically adopted methods such as social media marketing, influencer collaborations, email campaigns, SEO, and pay-per-click advertising to strengthen brand awareness, customer engagement, and sales performance. Through primary data collected from 155 respondents and secondary sources, the research analyzes consumer behavior, interaction patterns, and campaign effectiveness. Statistical tools including ANOVA, Chi-square, and rank analysis were used to evaluate demographic influences and marketing outcomes. Key findings indicate that social media and influencer marketing are the most impactful, while email campaigns and WhatsApp engagement play supporting roles. Challenges such as low customer retention and high cart abandonment rates are noted, with recommendations for improving personalization, user experience, and referral programs. The study concludes that digital strategies are crucial for growth in the competitive kidswear market.

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Kids Fashion India

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Accurate colour reproduction in print media is critically influenced by the physical properties of the substrate, yet traditional colour appearance models (CAMs) often overlook these effects. This study investigates how four common paper substrates--glossy, matte, coated, and uncoated--modulate perceived colour attributes such as chroma, lightness, and overall visual quality. Using a multifaceted methodology combining spectrophotometric measurement, psychophysical evaluation, and spatial fidelity analysis, we quantify the perceptual impact of substrate characteristics on printed colour. Empirical results reveal significant perceptual and statistical differences among substrates, with glossy and coated papers producing higher visual clarity and colour fidelity. Modifications to the CIECAM02 model incorporating substrate-specific parameters led to substantial improvements in predictive accuracy, reducing mean absolute error (MAE) by over 60% across all media. The study also introduces the concept of perceptual resilience--the ability of a substrate to maintain colour consistency under varying illumination--highlighting its potential for colour-critical applications. These findings suggest that integrating material-aware parameters into CAMs enhances their real-world reliability and positions the research within the broader imperative of sustainable, high-fidelity print production.

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Colour Appearance Models, Substrate Gloss, Print Media, CIECAM02, iCAM06, Spectral Reflectance, Visual Perception, Printing Technology, Chroma, Lightness, Observer Evaluation, Colour Fidelity, Substrate-Specific Calibration, Perceptual Resilience, Sustainable Printing

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Rabindranath Tagore founded a Brahmacharya Vidyalaya in Santiniketan in 1901 with the admirable goal of promoting the pupils' mental well-being. Rabindranath Tagore established an educational institution with several key principles, including outdoor courses, diverse instruction, and closeness to nature. It is clear that raising the degree of student happiness is the aim of all these rules. A century earlier, Tagore had employed similar positive psychology ideas in his educational trials. The current study's modest purpose is to trace Tagore's educational achievements in vocational and technical education. Vocational training is also vitally important for the pupils. The students will be able to support themselves through it. In order to have the opportunity to establish themselves in their lives, the students must receive training in their respective disciplines. Vocationalization of education is quite prevalent in India's 21st-century educational system. Since they are in school, students typically receive vocational training as part of their education.

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Rabindranath Tagore, Santiniketan, Vocational Education, Skill Education

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