Volume 12 | Issue 7

 Abstract

Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition characterized by the formation of blood clots in the cerebral veins, leading to impaired blood flow and drainage from the brain. Polycythemia vera (PV), a myeloproliferative disorder characterized by the overproduction of red blood cells, is recognized as a predisposing factor for CVT. This comprehensive review explores the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approach, and management strategies of CVT in the context of polycythemia vera. Through an in-depth analysis of case histories and clinical discussions, this article elucidates the complexities of managing CVT in individuals with polycythemia vera, highlighting the importance of early recognition, prompt intervention, and multidisciplinary collaboration in optimizing patient outcomes.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

CEREBRAL VENOUS THROMBOSIS,POLYCYTHEMIA VERA

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Around a century ago, a leader was emerging who would change the course of a country's struggle for independence. He scripted an incredible chapter in history that depicted people belonging to different classes, castes, languages and religions becoming united to win their freedom. He showed the way of humanity and the necessity of removing the cultural baggage that has divided people from each other and taught them to see each other only as humans. Gandhi started a war which used non-violence and love for the enemy as weapons. Gandhi wanted people to eliminate inner evil before taking on the external enemy. He wanted to remove untouchability which had colonised a section of society in India for centuries. People across the country were following his directions as if enchanted by him. His efforts resulted in a revolution and were recognised worldwide.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Impact of Gandhi on Indian Writing in English: A Study of Rao's Kanthapura and Narayan's Waiting for the Mahatma

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The proliferation of indoor electronic gadgets has raised concerns regarding microbial contamination on their surfaces, posing potential health risks to users. This study investigates the efficacy of UV-C irradiation as a method for the removal of microorganisms from various indoor electronic devices. A systematic review of relevant literature is conducted to assess the current understanding of UV-C technology and its application in disinfection. Experimental protocols are designed to evaluate the effectiveness of UV-C irradiation on different types of electronic gadgets commonly found in indoor environments. Results indicate significant reductions in microbial load following UV-C treatment across various devices, highlighting its potential as a promising disinfection method. Furthermore, considerations for practical implementation, such as exposure time and dosage, are discussed to optimize efficacy while ensuring device integrity. Overall, this research contributes to the advancement of strategies for mitigating microbial contamination on indoor electronic gadgets, thereby enhancing public health and safety.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Indoor Electronic Gadgets, Microbial Contamination, Microorganisms, Microbial Load, UV-C treatment

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The animation industry is a vibrant and quickly expanding sector that comprises a wide variety of animated content. These forms of animated content include movies, television shows, web series, video games, TV commercials, and more. Animating anything is giving the impression that something is moving by stringing together a number of still photographs or using computer-generated graphics. A startup is a newly formed business with the goal of producing and commercializing novel products, services or technologies. Startups are known for their significant expansion potential, scalability, and disruptive nature. As they operate in dynamic and competitive scenarios, startups are subject to uncertainty and risk. They necessitate an adaptable and flexible strategy, as well as the capacity to iterate and adjust plans in response to market input. Animation start-ups operate in a dynamic and competitive industry, which need rigorous financial planning in order to develop a business model that can be sustained over time. This article takes a look at the crucial parts of financial planning for animation companies who are working towards establishing a profitable business model in a field that is fraught with intense competition. This article examines opportunities, challenges faced by the industry in India and the critical aspects of financial planning that animation firms must consider if they wish to create a sustainable brand in a sector that is notoriously competitive. The development of new technologies, the proliferation of digital platforms, and a rising level of interest on the part of consumers have all contributed to the quick expansion and rising demand witnessed in the animation sector. The creation of an animation studio or production company, on the other hand, presents a variety of financial risks and challenges, all of which require substantial forethought and planning. However, opening an animation studio or production firm comes with a wide variety of financial obstacles and dangers that need to be carefully considered and planned before being tackled. This study investigates the essential components of financial planning, including budgeting, revenue streams, cost management, funding options, and risk mitigation strategies, providing valuable insights to aspiring entrepreneurs and industry professionals.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Financial planning, Animation, Startups, Business model, Competitive market, Budgeting, Revenue streams, Cost management, Funding options, Risk management.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Teen suicide is a serious public health issue that affects people, families, and communities all around the world. This research paper tries to look into the various elements that contribute to teen suicide. The study investigates the impact of social, psychological, and environmental factors on teen suicide rates. This study conducts a comprehensive literature analysis to find numerous relevant features related with an increased risk of teen suicide. These include mental health issues including despair and anxiety, as well as social factors such as bullying, family conflict, and peer pressure. Environmental problems such as access to lethal means and media coverage of suicide are also addressed. This study investigates why some youths worry about and attempt suicide. It demonstrates how vital it is to find out early If a teenager is feeling this way, please help them. Schools and communities should offer mental health services. It is also critical to educate teenagers healthy problem-solving skills and resilience. The paper helps us understand why youth suicide occurs. It demonstrates that we must take more action to put an end to it. Understanding these factors allows us to develop better approaches to prevent suicide and help young people feel better.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Data mining, risk factors , reasons, prevention, intervention, and youth suicide

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Demographic trends are the result of interaction of fertility, mortality and migration in a society. Fertility is a crucial aspect in the study of population for various reasons. The most important reason being that fertility is directly responsible for the biological replacement and maintenance of human society. Fertility is a positive force through which the population expands while mortality is a counteractive force in the sense it causes attrition in the size of population. Migration both the inward and outward movements are considered. The decadal census of 2011 is expected to give the all India population a count of 120 crores as against 102 crores of 2001 census. The world's biggest ever population counting process in the history of mankind has just begun in the country. Andhra Pradesh has a starting figure of 985 females per 1000 males in the year 1901 while at the national level, the sex ratio was 972. This difference was maintained all through the century.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Fertility , Child Sex ratio, Sex ratio, Demographic, Population, Growth rates, Trends

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study examines the effectiveness of e-Governance initiatives implemented by the New Delhi Municipal Council (NDMC) in enhancing citizen participation. With rapid urbanization and the digital transformation of public services, e-Governance has emerged as a vital tool for improving government-citizen interactions. The research adopts a mixed-method approach, combining quantitative surveys with qualitative interviews to gather comprehensive insights from a diverse range of stakeholders, including citizens, government officials, and experts in information technology. The findings indicate that the NDMC's e-Governance initiatives have significantly improved transparency, efficiency, and accessibility of municipal services, leading to increased citizen engagement. Digital platforms have enabled citizens to report issues, access information, and participate in decision-making processes more easily than before. However, the study also identifies several challenges, such as digital literacy, privacy concerns, and the digital divide, that could hinder the full potential of these initiatives. The implications of this research underscore the importance of continuous improvement and adaptation of e-Governance strategies to meet the evolving needs of citizens. Recommendations include enhancing digital literacy programs, implementing robust data protection measures, and developing inclusive strategies to ensure equitable access to e-Governance services. By addressing these challenges, the NDMC can further strengthen citizen participation and foster a more responsive and accountable urban governance framework. This abstract summarizes the essence of the study, providing a clear overview of its objectives, methodology, key findings, and implications, without diving into the specifics of the data or the detailed recommendations.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

e-Governance, Citizen Participation, New Delhi Municipal Council (NDMC), Digital Transformation, Urban Governance.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract This journal explores the multifaceted dimensions of social development in children. It examines theoretical frameworks, key milestones, influences, and the impact of environmental factors on social growth. Through a synthesis of existing research, this paper aims to provide a holistic understanding of how children develop social skills and the implications for their overall development. Key word:- Socialization, social Growth, cognative development,

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Key word:- Socialization, social Growth, cognative development,

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Black cumin seeds, or Nigella sativa, are incredibly rich in natural compounds with a variety of therapeutic applications. In vitro, including natural antioxidants, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and wound-healing capabilities in several human body sites, as well as antibacterial and antifungal action. In addition to being well-known for its culinary applications, Nigella sativa is a popular therapeutic herb that has long been valued in traditional medicine. It is highly well-liked in many traditional systems, including Siddha, Ayurveda, and Unani. Oil and seeds have long been used in folklore in a variety of food and medical systems. Numerous conditions, including skin disorders, jaundice, gastrointestinal issues, anorexia, conjunctivitis, dyspepsia, rheumatism, diabetes, hypertension, intrinsic hemorrhage, paralysis, amenorrhea, and asthma, have been shown to be significantly improved by nigella sativa. A dicotyledonous plant belonging to the Ranunculaceae family, black cumin has long been used as a medicinal herb. Its rich historical background and traditional history draw attention. The plant's active components come from nigella seeds and the oils extracted from them. Eastern Mediterranean nations as well as Eastern and Southern Europe are the birthplaces of black cumin. Other 134 countries started to import black cumin. It has also extended to Turkey, India, and North Africa. Since ancient times, plants have been a key source of medicine in all societies. "This black cumin is healing for all diseases except death," said the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). [16] Many native herbs are employed in the traditional system to diagnose, prevent, and treat physical, mental, and social imbalances (Manjunath, 1990). The foundation of traditional medicine is made up of medicinal plants, which are crucial to both individual and community health (Farnsworth, 1994). These plants' therapeutic efficacy is derived from a few chemical compounds that have specific physiological effects on humans (Edeoga et al., 2005). [1] The medications are made from the entire plant or from various parts of it, such as the leaves, stem, bark, roots, flowers, seeds, etc. Certain medications are made from plant products that are excreted, like gum, resins, and latex. According to estimates from the World Health Organization, 80% of people benefit from using herbal treatments. As a result, it is essential to assess the rich history of traditional medicine. Nevertheless, several studies on medicinal plants still need to be conducted because very few plant species have had their therapeutic qualities, mechanisms of action, safety, and toxicity extensively examined. [2] . Long known as a cultivated plant, black cumin is frequently used in bread, muffins, and several cheese variations, particularly in the Middle East. Ancient Egyptians also utilized black cumin for medicinal purposes. The Pharaohs' private physicians were said to have kept a bowl of black cumin on hand at all times and employed it as a remedy for inflammations, headaches, colds, and toothaches in addition to helping with digestion following binge eating. In ancient writings, Hippocrates and Dioscorides referred to the black cumin as "Melanthion" (Alt?nterim, 2010) [5]. Worldwide, N. sativa is regarded as a significant therapeutic herb. Its application in the food, pharmaceutical, and ornamental industries have significant economic significance. Different body parts are affected differently by the pharmacological actions of N. sativa and its components. According to reports now available, the plant has anti- inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-hypertensive properties. Numerous studies have also shown its effects on the immune system, the digestive system, and the central nervous system. [2] It is possible to draw the conclusion from our research that Nigella sativa seeds contain a variety of bioactive substances. Traditional healers use the seeds to treat a variety of illnesses because of their bioactive ingredients .

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Black Seed, Black Seed, Kalonji

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract: This paper deals with the changing perceptions of historians and writers about the historical developments in modern Dakshina Kannada. Historiography is a historian's way of constructing the past. One of the famous anti-colonial movements called the Amara-Sullia Rebellion in 1837 in Dakshina Kannada has been engaging the interests of historians and writers since colonial times. It is interesting to see how a rebellion branded as a mere 'Gowda affair' by the colonial writers has become a symbol of the identity and pride of some castes and communities. Historiography discussed here highlights the process through which history is appropriated to meet the present communal and political ends.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: Historiography, Post-Independence, Dakshina Kannada, Canara

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Stress plays a major role in teachers' daily lives at present. This study is carried out to determine the current level of occupational stress experienced by general degree college teachers of Puruliadistrict. A descriptive survey technique was used to conduct the study, and 396 college teachers in the Purulia district were randomly selected to receive the Teacher Stress Inventory (TSI) (Fimian, 1988). The results of the present study revealed that on an average, college teachers experienced high stress in Time Management and Work Related Stress; low stress in Professional Distress, Discipline and Motivation, Professional Investment, Emotional Manifestation, Fatigue Manifestation, Cardiovascular Manifestation, Gastro-vascular Manifestation, Behavioural Manifestation and also in Teachers Stress (in Totality). Hence, it can be inferred that the general degree college teachers in the Purulia district generally exhibited low levels of occupational stress across various dimensions, as well as in overall occupational stress levels.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Stress, Occupational Stress, Professional Distress, Work Related Stress

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Even though being an essential part of the body, the human foot is frequently neglected.Another essential organ used for movement (such as travelling, running around, and jumping) is the foot. They need to be attended to. The main objective of our formulation was to design and produce a herbal foot crack herbal cream that had healing, antibacterial, and antimicrobial qualities obtained from mint and fenugreek extract.A multitude of anti-inflammatory ingredients were used, and microbiological analyses were conducted to ascertain the effectiveness of the cream. It was found that the developed solution was risk-free, effective, and efficient in treating cracked heels. The subject's broken heels after fifteen days of use proved the effectiveness of the a cream.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Mint extract, Fenugreek extract,Cracked heel

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract During In-vitro studies, there was an investigation on the effect of the use of different surface sterilizing agents on nodal explants of Dendrocalamus hamiltonii. Surface sterilization is the most vital step during the preparation of healthy and viable explants for the micropropagation technique. The collection of explants was done from CPTs, that were highly exposed to microbial contaminants. Most contaminants such as bacteria and fungi are discarded by surface sterilization with the help of appropriate sterilizing agents. There was the use of HgCl2 and NaOCl, and Ca (OCl)2 a sterilizing agent during in-vitro culture. The leaf sheath covering the nodal segments containing axillary buds (1.5-2.00cm) was carefully removed and cleaned with 70% ethanol using sterilized cotton. These segments were pre-treated with 0.5% Bavistin as fungicides for 15 min. After pre-treatment segments were rinsed with Savlon and fresh running tap water at least three times. Further surface sterilization of explants was done under a laminar airflow cabinet with different treatments of HgCl2 and Ca (OCl)2 at different concentrations. Two methods of surface sterilization were used under a laminar airflow cabinet, (a) the explants were treated with 0.1% HgCl2 solution for 10,15, and 20 minutes. It was thoroughly washed with sterile distilled water. It was then 30sec.dip within 70% ethanol and again rinsed in sterile distilled water. (b) the explants were treated for 10, 15, and 2o min with Ca (OCl)2 with a few drops of tween-20. After this treatment, explants were washed with sterile distilled water, and they were then given a 30 sec. dip in 70% ethanol and again rinsed in sterile distilled water. After these sterilizing agents were used for the satisfactory result of the aseptic culture, viability, and bud break; sterilization with 0.1% HgCl2 for 20 min and 30min continuous rinsing showed 68% Aseptic buds with 52% bud break whereas Ca (OCl)2 (10min.) and similarly rinsing for 30min. showed 17% Aseptic buds with 12% Bud-break.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Key-Words: Surface sterilization, D. hamiltonii, HgCl2, bud-break, Ca (OCl)2

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract Lockdown and social distancing measures due to the COVID-19 pandemic have led to closures of schools, training institutes and higher education facilities in most countries. The education system and the educators have adopted "Education in Emergency". While adapting to the new changes, staff and student readiness needs to be gauged and supported accordingly. The learners with a fixed mindset find it difficult to adapt and adjust, whereas the learners with a growth mindset quickly adapt to a new learning environment. Distance learning traditionally has focused on nontraditional students, such as full-time workers, military personnel, and nonresidents or individuals in remote regions who are unable to attend classroom lectures. Student attitude towards E learning from the study would provide important information regarding their perception towards e learning so as to improve future learning strategies and its need for their academic development in such a time of crisis. More researches are needed to know the attitude of the students in different parts of the country. It was with this back ground that an attempt was made to study the attitude of students towards eLearning during Pandemic of COVID 19 with reference to Haldia. Student's attitude towards e learning in education has been an increasing concern.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

distance learners,covid 19, Student's attitude

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Community detection is a pivotal task in network science, aiming to identify groups of nodes with dense intra-connections and sparse inter-connections, revealing the hidden structure of complex networks. This paper reviews recent advancements in dynamic and overlapping community detection techniques, focusing on methods developed after 2020. These advancements include leveraging topological data analysis, evolutionary algorithms, graph neural networks, and reinforcement learning to improve the adaptability, scalability, and accuracy of community detection in evolving networks. The integration of multi-label propagation, actor-critic architectures, and multi-view learning further enhances the robustness and accuracy of these methods. Despite significant progress, challenges such as real-time adaptability, handling heterogeneous data, and robustness against noise and missing data remain. Future research directions are proposed, including the development of advanced learning mechanisms, optimization frameworks, and privacy-preserving techniques. This review highlights the potential of these innovative approaches to transform community detection, providing deeper insights into the dynamic and overlapping structures of complex networks.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Dynamic community detection, Overlapping community detection, Graph neural networks, Machine learning, Complex networks.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

An individual's behaviour, attitudes, and general success in life are greatly influenced by their personality development. This research looks at the many environmental, social, and educational impacts on personality development that college students face. This study attempts to offer a thorough knowledge of how college surroundings contribute to personality development through an extensive literature analysis and empirical investigation. According to the findings, academic difficulties, peer relationships, and extracurricular activities are important for developing important personality qualities including social skills, resilience, and leadership.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

The primary focus of this examination is the pivotal time in college life that is critical for the formation of personality. Being exposed to a variety of experiences, having the chance to explore oneself, and learning vital life skills are what define this period. To create settings that encourage healthy development and equip people for obstacles ahead, educators, legislators, and students themselves must have a thorough understanding of the mechanics of personality development throughout this

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Transdermal drug delivery has made an important contribution to medical practice, but it has yet to fully achieve its potential as an alternative to the oral delivery and hypodermic injections. An advantage of a transdermal drug delivery route over other types of delivery systems such as oral, topical, intravenous, intramuscular, etc. is that the patch may essentially can provide a controlled release of the medication into the patient, usually through either a porous membrane covering a reservoir of medication or through body heat melting thin layers of medication embedded in the adhesive. The purpose of this investigation is to investigate the physicochemical evaluation and anti-microbial activity of plant extract of leucas aspera root by using methanol and ethyl acetate in 1:1 ratio. The primary phytochemical analysis of root extract of leucas aspera showed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins. Six batches of H1, H2, H3, S4, S5& S6 Plant extract (root) of Leucas aspera Transdermal patches were prepared by solvent casting technique. From the results of invitro diffusion and physicochemical studies, H2 & S5 was concluded as best formulation. Then they were subjected to screening of anti- microbial activity The anti-microbial screening result showed that the H2 was highly inhibiting the microbial growth around the patch and additional research on these plants could lead to the discovery of novel bioactive chemicals.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Transdermal drug delivery, Leucas aspera, Plant extract, Anti-microbial action

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This paper explores the evolutionary trajectory of security mechanisms in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs), charting the progress from traditional solutions to contemporary approaches. The review encompasses the challenges posed by the dynamic and decentralized nature of MANETs, emphasizing the need for robust security protocols. It delves into early encryption techniques and authentication methods, highlighting their limitations in addressing modern threats. The abstract then navigates through the emergence of intrusion detection systems and cryptographic advancements, outlining their contributions to enhancing network security. Furthermore, it explores recent innovations such as machine learning and fuzzy logic integration, illustrating their potential in mitigating complex security challenges. By examining the historical development and current state of security mechanisms in MANETs, this abstract provides insights into the evolving strategies that researchers employ to fortify these networks against a spectrum of threats, fostering a deeper understanding of the dynamic field of mobile ad-hoc network security.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Security protocols, Intrusion detection, Trust management, Routing security, Key management.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Employee retention is a business-management term referring to efforts by employers to retain current employees in their workforce. Effective employee retention is a systematic effort by employers to create and foster an environment that encourages current employees to remain employed by having policies and practices in place that address their diverse needs. Also of concern are the costs of employee turnover (including hiring costs, training costs and productivity loss). Replacement costs usually are 2.5 times the salary of the individual. The costs associated with turnover may include lost customers and business and damaged morale. In addition there are the hard costs of time spent in screening, verifying credentials, references, interviewing, hiring and training the new employee.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Employee Retention, HR Practices, Strategies, Employee Attrition.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The present research work unfurls the knowledge, attitude and practice of waste disposal by rural households. The rural households have knowledge and attitude regarding proper waste disposal but environment friendly practices of waste disposals have turned out to be insufficient and inadequate. The study has found out that there is significant correlation between Knowledge and attitude regarding waste disposal of the households, but the correlation between practice and knowledge and practice and attitude is comparatively weaker. The study further found out that the association between knowledge and practice and attitude and practice is not visible among the rural households. To promote sustainable housing government should initiate constant awareness classes and consecutive follow ups should be undertaken on waste disposal of the rural households.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Waste disposal, Rural households, Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Household waste, Sustainable housing

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition