Volume 12 | Issue 7

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: A difficult threat known as "crypto-ransomware" encrypts user files and demands a ransom to be paid by the victim in order to obtain the decryption key. Cybercriminals can make a significant profit from this kind of malware, as it generates millions of dollars in income annually. Due to the inefficiency of traditional detection-based defenses like antivirus and anti-malware software in thwarting attacks, ransomware is becoming increasingly widespread. Moreover, this particular infection employs advanced encryption algorithms and targets a broader spectrum of file formats. Cybercriminals benefit from this, and no one is safe from becoming their next victim. File encryption ransomware targets both small and large enterprises as well as regular home users. In this research, we look at how ransomware spreads by analyzing the factors that put an individual or an organization at risk of falling victim to its demands. Finally, we make some recommendations based on our projections regarding the future evolution of ransomware.

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Ransomware, Cybersecurity, Antivirus, Malware, Ransomware prevention, Ransomware detection

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Recent decades have seen a transformation in the tobacco industry thanks to the electronic cigarette, or "e-cigarette," which has been viewed as an effective replacement for standard cigarettes. Because e-liquid heats as opposed to burning tobacco in e-cigarettes, several manufacturers have claimed that smoking e-cigarettes have fewer adverse respiratory effects than utilizing tobacco. Many customers have been won over by additional revolutionary characteristics including the option to customize the nicotine dosage and the variety of delicious flavours. But since there is no proof to support either position, there is still controversy concerning the safety of e-cigarette use and its ability to serve as a way to quit smoking strategy. Furthermore, the heating process itself has been found to have the potential to produce distinct, potentially hazardous breakdown products. Multiple investigations have been conducted both in vivo and in vitro for better insight of the effects.

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Electronic Cigarettes, Cessation, Tobacco, Battery-powered, Nicotine-replacement

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Half-Heusler semiconductor alloys have emerged as a compelling class of materials renowned for their extraordinary electronic, thermoelectric, and magnetic properties. This research paper provides a comprehensive analysis of Half-Heusler alloys, encompassing their crystal structure, electronic band properties, physical characteristics, synthesis methodologies, and potential applications. Computational simulations employing Wien2k software and DFT (Density Functional Theory) have been utilized extensively to elucidate these properties. These alloys, typically denoted by the chemical formula XYZ where X, Y, and Z represent different elements, exemplify the versatility of composite materials. Specifically, the CoVSn alloy, comprising cobalt (Co), vanadium (V), and tin (Sn), showcases synergistic properties that surpass those of its individual constituents. The crystal structure of Half-Heusler alloys, often cubic with XYZ ordering, contributes to their robust mechanical stability and favorable electronic band structures for various applications in solid-state electronics and thermoelectric devices. Moreover, their tunable electronic properties, dictated by the choice and arrangement of constituent elements, offer a promising avenue for designing materials with tailored functionalities. Advances in synthesis techniques, including vacuum arc melting and spark plasma sintering, have enabled precise control over alloy composition and microstructure, further enhancing their applicability in high-performance electronic and energy conversion devices. Ongoing research continues to explore novel Half-Heusler compositions and nanostructuring approaches to optimize their thermoelectric efficiency and magnetic properties, promising breakthroughs in sustainable energy and advanced electronics.

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Half-Heusler Alloy, Thermo-electric Material, Semiconductor Alloy, Composite Material.

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The Dental-X project is an integrated platform designed to streamline dental appointment management and enhance the accuracy of dental X-ray image classification. In many dental practices, using separate systems for image capture and patient management leads to inefficiencies and potential errors in data transfer. Dental-X addresses these challenges by combining image classification and appointment management functionalities into a single, user-friendly platform.The primary objective of Dental-X is to provide a comprehensive solution for dental professionals to manage their appointments, analyze X-ray images for caries detection, and perform tooth segmentation. This platform allows dentists to set their availability, manage their profiles, and view patient histories. Patients can register, book appointments, select time slots, and view past treatments and medications.Dental-X leverages machine learning models to analyze dental X-ray images, assisting dentists in detecting caries and identifying fillings, cavities, or implants. By integrating these features into one platform, Dental-X aims to improve the efficiency and accuracy of dental practices, ultimately enhancing patient care and streamlining administrative processes .Key features of Dental-X include appointment scheduling, slot availability checking, caries detection through image analysis, tooth segmentation, and comprehensive patient history management. The platform also provides statistical insights for dentists to track and analyze treatment outcomes. Dental-X is designed to be a robust, scalable, and user-friendly solution that meets the needs of modern dental practices.By integrating advanced machine learning techniques with efficient appointment management, Dental-X aims to set a new standard in dental practice management, offering both convenience and precision to dental professionals and their patients.

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Machine Learning, Administrative Efficiency, Image Analysis, Statistical Insights.

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The purpose of this research is to solve this constraint by designing a transdermal drug delivery system for quercetin that may be administered once daily. This system will provide greater patient compliance, increased bioavailability, and prolonged release compared to other methods. On the other hand, its therapeutic value is restricted due to difficulties associated with poor solubility, low bioavailability, and unpredictable pharmacokinetics when it is administered orally. For the purpose of determining drug flow and permeation parameters, skin permeation experiments are carried out. This is followed by the use of in vitro or in vivo models for the purpose of evaluating the potential for skin irritation caused by the prepared patches. The study aims to achieve several objectives: to formulate a transdermal delivery system capable of sustained release of quercetin over 24 hours. A once-daily transdermal delivery system for quercetin that has sustained release properties is one of the outcomes that is anticipated. The formulation included namely dichloromethane and methanol in a ratio of 1:1, using a method called solvent evaporation. Therefore, linseed oil and eugenol were added to the polymer solution in order to improve the penetration. Polyethylene glycol was employed as a plasticizer, and menthol was added in order to counteract the irritation caused by the polymer. Following the preparation of the films in this manner, they attached to the layer of adhesive bandage that had been acquired from the neighbourhood store.

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Storage conditions, Accelerated aging, adhesive properties, Drug content uniformity, Controlled release.

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Objective: Khashkhash (Papaver somniferum seed) is one of the important drug mentioned in Unani literature. The description of Poppy seeds is mentioned in various classical Unani books. Renowned Unani scholar Avicenna had also described poppy seeds in his famous book "The Canon of Medicine". According to Unani philosophy, Khashkhash is in the second-degree category according to its temperamental nature. Poppy seed oil is also a good source of essential fatty acids, especially linoleic acid, as compared to the other edible oilseeds. Pantothenic acid in poppy seeds was found in the greatest amount, followed by the vitamin's niacin and thiamin. Methods: Unani classical literature was searched from recent to past available in different libraries. For phytochemistry, pharmacology and preclinical studies to prove the importance computerized databases such as Medline, PubMed, Google Scholar and Science-direct were searched. All the information of plant available in Urdu, Persian, Arabic and studies published abstract were included in the study. Results: The action of Khashkhash mentioned in Unani classical literature are Mukhaddir (Anesthetic), Q?bi? (Astringent), Munawwim (Sedative), Musakkin-i-Alam (Analgesic), H?bis-i-Dam (hemostyptic), Muqaww?-i-Dim?gh (Brain tonic), Mun?ij (concoctive), Mudirr-i-Bawl (Diuretic), Mu?arrik (Stimulant), H??im (Astringent), Mubarrid (Refrigerant) etc and useful in Sahar (Insomnia), Malankh?liya (Melancholia), Nafth al-Dam (Haemoptysis), Ish?l (Purgation), Zah?r (Dysentery), Nazla (Catarrh), Su'?l(Cough), Hirqatul Math?na (Burning in bladder) etc. Papaver somniferum seed showed many pharmacological effects included Antitussive, Anti-diarrheal, Antibacterial activity, Hypoglycemic, Anticarcinogenic and Antiallodynic activity activities in different clinical and experimental studies. Conclusion: This presentation is an attempt to showcase the action, uses mentioned in Unani literature, chemical constituent and pharmacological and toxicological effects in one place. It may also be observed that the drug has many actions which may be beneficial in diseases.

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Khashkhash, Papaver somniferum seed, Unani medicine

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This compilation analyzes the application of artificial intelligence in web indexing, covering diverse sectors including crawler classifications, profound learning models, insightful frameworks, and moral contemplations. This investigation features key discoveries identifying with the viability of unique crawler sorts, the utilization of factual models for anticipating out connections, and the advancement of occasion focused looking frameworks. The audit additionally stresses the significance of clearness, pertinent data, achievability, quantifiability, and good conduct consistency in web scraping ventures. All in all, this wide ranging assessment shows the huge potential for AI to upgrade web looking and information investigation for an assortment of uses. The report incorporates both long, intricate passages and short, direct sentences to catch various points of view on this creating field.

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Crawler, CAIMANS, NLP

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Accurately predicting taxi ride durations is crucial for optimizing the efficiency of taxi dispatch systems in ride-hailing services. This research aims to develop and evaluate predictive models that estimate taxi ride durations before the start of the trip, leveraging historical ride data. Various machine learning techniques, including linear regression, K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Ridge regression, and Lasso regression, are explored using data from New York City taxi trips.The study aims to understand the key factors influencing ride durations and build models that can provide accurate estimates. Accurate predictions can improve dispatch decisions, reduce idle times for drivers, and decrease wait times for passengers, thus enhancing operational efficiency and service quality in the ride-hailing industry.We collect a comprehensive dataset of taxi trips, enriched with external data such as weather conditions and traffic information. The data undergoes preprocessing steps like cleaning, normalizing, and feature engineering. Key variables influencing ride durations include trip distance, pickup time, day of the week, weather conditions, and traffic patterns.The modeling approach involves developing predictive models, including a benchmark linear regression model, a KNN model, and regularized linear models such as Ridge and Lasso regression. Hyperparameter tuning optimizes model performance, and cross-validation ensures robustness. Performance is evaluated using metrics like Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Squared Error (MSE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), and R-squared. The linear regression model serves as a baseline, capturing some variability in ride durations but limited in modeling non-linear interactions. The KNN model improves performance by considering data point similarity, while Ridge and Lasso regression models enhance accuracy by incorporating regularization terms. Lasso also performs feature selection by setting some coefficients to zero.This study highlights the importance of feature engineering and real-time data integration. Future research should focus on integrating real-time data sources, such as live traffic updates and weather conditions, to improve prediction accuracy further. Advanced machine learning techniques, such as ensemble methods and deep learning, should be explored to capture more complex relationships in the data.Ethical considerations and data privacy are critical in the use of predictive models in ride-hailing services. Ensuring passenger and driver privacy, and maintaining transparency and fairness in algorithmic decision-making, are essential for responsible use of data-driven models.

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data science, Machine learning, Taxi duration prediction

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The empowerment of women is a major issue in India's development. Increasing women's power and establishing their dominance in the spheres of social, political, legal, financial, and economic spheres are the aims of empowerment. It also suggests that women's equal rights are guaranteed. This study paper examines the impact of microfinance on women's empowerment, with a particular focus on the Self-Help Group (SHG) Bank Linkage Programme in India. This study evaluates how well the program raises women's socioeconomic standing, decision-making ability, and sense of overall empowerment through a review of secondary data from several reports, publications, and body of current literature. The article lists achievements, identifies issues, and makes policy recommendations to improve the program's sustainability and impact. This study uses secondary data to empirically investigate the significant role microfinance plays in women's empowerment, with a focus on the Self-Help Group Bank Linkage Program (SHG-BLP).

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Microfinance, SHGs - Bank Linkage Program, Women empowerment.

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Global events such as the COVID-19 pandemic have transformed the field of study, leading to rapid changes in online courses in real time. However, this change still creates significant security and privacy issues for teachers and students. This article explores these issues, focusing on issues such as data breaches, inaccessibility, cyberbullying, and the impact of widespread data collection by edtech platforms. Investigates vulnerabilities in various online learning tools and platforms and evaluates their impact on personal privacy and security of sensitive data. Additionally, this article discusses the legal and ethical role of schools in protecting their communities and suggests best practices and strategies to reduce risk.

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Real-time Classes Cybersecurity Privacy Data Protection

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MGNREGS is the first programme in India where the government has officially made social audits mandatory (Acharya, 2010). Section 17 of the MGNREGS Act states that the Gram Sabha shall perform social audits of all works sanctioned under the MGNREGS at least once every six months (Schjodt, 2018; Aiyar et al., 2023) to ensure transparency and accountability of the programme (Dhaktode & Kumar, 2020). The results of the study indicate that most of the respondents are well-awared about the MGNREGS. Further inferential statistics drawn the inference that there exists a significant association among gender, academic qualification, and income with regards to social audit increases transparency in the MGNREGS, and at the same time, age-wise analysis reveals an insignificant association. Likewise, the study ascertains the significant association between age and educational qualification with regards to social audit determines the accountability of the Social Audit Unit in the MGNREGS, whereas demographic variables of gender and income-wise analysis indicate an insignificant association.

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MGNREGS, Social Audit, Awareness, Transparency, Accountability

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This paper explores the diffusion of innovations among the Scheduled Caste population in Mosuru Village, Andhra Pradesh. The study examines how new ideas, practices, and technologies are communicated and adopted within this marginalized community. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative surveys with qualitative interviews to analyze the factors influencing the diffusion process. Key findings reveal the significant roles of social networks, media access, and change agents in the adoption of innovations. The study contributes to the understanding of how targeted communication strategies can enhance development efforts in marginalized communities. The entertainment media play the major part by helping to promote a greater receptiveness to new values and an openness to change. One of the more important effects is to gradually alter the cultural climate and to introduce new values in a slow, diffuse way..

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Diffusion of innovations, Scheduled Caste, Mosuru Village, development communication, social networks.

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BACKGROUND: In recent times humans come across various types of inflammatory conditions. These inflammatory conditions cause discomfort, pain and suffer for acute or chronic period of time. In some case these inflammatory conditions can be fatal. These inflammatory conditions badly affect the quality of life. Hence management of inflammation is much needed. The aim to design an anti-inflammatory drug is to control the inflammatory mediators that cause inflammation and to reduce the symptoms. OBJECTIVE- The objective of anti-inflammatory herbal drug is to provide natural and unconventional approach to managing inflammation in body. These herbal remedies aim to reducing pain and discomfort in body without any side effects on vital organ. These herbal remedies not only reduce inflammation but also enhance the immunity. KEY WORDS- Anti-inflammatory drugs, herbal plants, mode of action, phytoconstituents, uses RESULT- Anti-inflammatory drugs showed effective action against the inflammation and relieve the pain in the body system. Though inflammation is protective biological response of immune system to biological stimuli but the chronic inflammation may be fatal. Due to which complete intervention of inflammation is much needed. As compared to synthetic drug herbal medicine treat inflammation no side effects and is easily available, cheaper and safer option. Presence of phytoconstituents like Gingerol, Turmerones, Piperines, Curcumoids, Shagaols, Allicin, Helacin, etc. Are present in medicinal herbs. These phytoconstituents show anti-inflammatory activity. Different phytoconstituent has a different anti-inflammatory pathway. These phytoconstituents show their action on inflammation pathway by inhibiting lipo-oxygenase , cyclooxygenases, prostaglandins and arachidonic acid, etc. Common anti-inflammatory herbal plants are Ehretia Laevis Robx, Zingiber Officinalis, Piper nigrum, Allium Sativum, Arnica Montana and other plant species. CONCLUSION- Natural herbs are safe, there is no side effect of natural herbs on the body and it is better option than synthetic drugs. The phytoconstituents present in the herbal drugs show comparatively greater action than the synthetic drug

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-inflammatory drugs, herbal plants, mode of action, phytoconstituents, uses

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??. ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? | ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? | ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ??????? ???? ????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?? | ??. ??????? ?? ????? ?? ?? "?? ?? ???? ????? ?????, ???????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? | ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? | ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? | ????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??????????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ???? | ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? | ?? ???????? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ??. ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ????????? ???? ?? | ???????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ??. ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ?? |

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????? ????:- ??????? ??????, ??????, ???????, ???? ??????, ???????

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Attachment Styles on personality and Emotional Quotient amongst adults play a significant role in today's world. The bonding that people learn in children and carry that style in adult relationships is known as attachment styles. This style is utilized for promoting the survival of young children by ensuring their responsive care. Numerous studies have been carried out centered on attachment styles in various aspects, but only a few studies concentrated on the impacting factors of adult behaviour of attachment styles on personality and emotional quotient. Thus, in the present study, the attachment styles on personality and Emotional quotient among the behaviours of adults is focused and the impacting factors of attachment styles in personality and Emotional quotient are investigated. By using the convenience sampling technique, a total of 103 respondents took part in the study from several universities in southern parts of India. As per the study, "Secure Attachment (SA)", "Avoidance Attachment (AA)", "Ambivalent Attachment (AMA)", and "Disorganized Attachment (DA)" had an important association with personality and Emotional quotient. Then, the study depicted that the Attachment styles had a positive and significant relationship towards developing the personality and Emotional quotient among adults.

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Personality, Attachment Styles, Emotional Quotient, Adult, Behavior

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Cervical cancer develops in a woman's cervix (the entrance to the uterus from the vagina). Almost all cervical cancer cases (73%) are linked to infection with high-risk human papilloma viruses (HPV), an extremely common virus transmitted through sexual contact. Although most infections with HPV resolve spontaneously and cause no symptoms, persistent infection can cause cervical cancer in women. There is a need of extensive and intensive research in this topic, so that to develop new strategies for educating under graduate college girls regarding prevention of cervical cancer can be made. The finding of the study shows that 73% under graduate college girls have good knowledge, 11% under graduate college girls have average knowledge and 4% under graduate college girls have poor knowledge. Among selected 45 under graduate college girls 73% were have positive attitude and 33% were having neutral attitude regarding prevention of cervical cancer. Finding of the study shows that 4% among the selected sample had poor level of knowledge and attitude. . "Awareness, prevention and detection is what we are striving for to deal with cancer"

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Cervical cancer, knowledge, attitude, under graduate college girls, health information Pamphlet, prevention of cervical cancer.

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Better health is key to human wellbeing therefore every human being has a desire to have a healthier life. In the human development index, the life expectancy rate has been used as a direct indicator of the long and healthy life, however there and different factor that influence indirectly on the healthy life of people. The WHO report (1998) suggest that health expectancy is important than life expectancy. In this paper an attempt made to analyse the health-related infrastructure in selected Indian states. The study found that India has less than one physician per 1000 population (0.77:1000) and it failed to achieve WHO standard. Average population served per government hospital in all over India has reduced, however ratio of average population served per available bed in govt hospital has increased.

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Health Infrastructure, Health, Attainments in Health Infrastructure, Status of Public Health System, Indian Health System

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Pattern recognition plays a crucial role in various domains, including virtual cloud computing, software design, document verification, human activity recognition, and IoT devices. This paper focuses on the application of pattern recognition in cloud computing environments. We delve into different machine learning algorithms such as Naive Bayes, Genetic Algorithm, and deep learning approaches, exploring their efficacy in preventing and detecting Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks, recognizing software design patterns, verifying documents, and recognizing human activities in the cloud. Further, we discuss the segmentation of 3D point cloud data, instance segmentation using fused modalities, and general pattern recognition using machine learning in cloud environments. Through a detailed analysis of existing literature and case studies, this paper aims to provide insights into the current state of the art, challenges, and future directions in pattern recognition for cloud computing.

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Pattern Recognition, Cloud Computing, Machine Learning, Deep Learning

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Given that teacher shortage is an international problem, teacher job satisfaction merits closer attention. Not only is job satisfaction closely related to teacher retention, but it also contributes to the well-being of teachers and their students, overall school cohesion and enhanced status of the teaching profession. This study investigates the relations between teacher job satisfaction, school working conditions and teacher characteristics for eighth grade mathematics teachers. The study employs TIMSS 2015 (Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study) data from Sweden. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling are used as main methods. Results demonstrate a substantial association between school working conditions and teacher job satisfaction. More specifically, teacher workload, teacher cooperation and teacher perceptions of student discipline in school were the factors most closely related to teacher job satisfaction. As to teacher characteristics, female teachers, teachers with more exposure to professional development and more efficacious teachers tended to have higher levels of job satisfaction. In addition, it was found that the relationship between the extent of teacher cooperation and job satisfaction was more pronounced for male teachers, while student discipline was more important for job satisfaction of teachers with lower self-efficacy beliefs. Implications for policy are further discussed.

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Job Satisfaction, School Working Conditions, Teachers Characteristics

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