Volume 13 | Issue 7

 Abstract

The increasing demand for natural and safe hair care products has driven research into herbal alternatives to conventional shampoos. This study presents the formulation and comprehensive evaluation of a herbal shampoo aimed at promoting hair growth, utilizing a synergistic blend of traditional botanicals. The shampoo was prepared by homogenizing methi, shikakai, amla, reetha, bhringraj, and orange peel powders each selected for their reputed benefits in hair nourishment into a 10% w/v gelatin solution to ensure uniform dispersion and stability. Jasmine oil was incorporated for its preservative and aromatic properties, while coconut oil was added to enhance conditioning effects. The resulting formulation underwent rigorous physicochemical assessment, including determination of pH, physical appearance, density, and percentage solid content. The herbal shampoo exhibited a balanced pH suitable for scalp health, pleasant aroma and appearance, optimal density, and consistent solid content, reflecting its stability and user acceptability. These findings underscore the potential of this herbal formulation as a safe, effective, and eco-friendly alternative for hair growth promotion, supporting the integration of traditional herbal knowledge into modern personal care products.

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Herbal shampoo, hair growth, natural ingredients, plant-based formulation, Shikakai

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Government subsidies play a critical role in shaping agricultural output and market dynamics, particularly in developing and agrarian economies. This paper investigates the multifaceted impact of agricultural subsidies on productivity, efficiency, income stabilization, and overall market performance. Through an extensive literature review and data-based analysis, we examine how input and output subsidies influence farmer behavior, crop yield, price stability, and the broader supply chain. The findings indicate both positive and negative outcomes, emphasizing the need for targeted, transparent, and sustainable subsidy policies.

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Income stabilization, Crop yield, Price stability

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The paper explores the potential of postcolonial art as a tool for healing and transformation in a fractured world through a critical reading of Anuradha Roy's The Earthspinner. Set against a backdrop of religious extremism, cultural disintegration, and personal alienation, the novel traces the life of Elango, a potter whose creative practice becomes both a form of resistance and a medium of reconciliation. By examining the interplay between tradition and modernity, identity and exile, Roy presents art not merely as aesthetic expression, but as a radical act of defiance against oppressive socio-political structures. This study argues that Elango's sculptures and pottery function as symbolic narratives that challenge dominant cultural ideologies, offering a space where marginalized voices can be heard and remembered. The novel also foregrounds the politics of belonging and the fractures that exist within communal identities, particularly in postcolonial societies marked by religious and caste-based violence. Elango's tragic trajectory and his bond with a Muslim woman challenge conventional binaries, illustrating how artistic creation can forge connections across cultural and ideological divides. Through a postcolonial lens, the paper analyzes how Roy deconstructs rigid identities and reimagines resistance through creativity. In doing so, The Earthspinner reaffirms the transformative power of art to not only reflect a broken world, but to also envision its healing. The paper concludes that postcolonial literature and art offer vital pathways for rethinking identity, agency, and resistance in an increasingly polarized global context.

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 Keywords

Postcolonial art, Anuradha Roy, The Earthspinner, identity, resistance, cultural violence, healing, creativity, marginalisation.

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 Abstract

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Solar forcing, Solar influence, Anthropogenic interference Anthropogenic forcing.

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Stress is not a new word. Our ancestors too were not free from stress. They experienced it due to the unpredicted natural phenomenon, and that is why it was regarded as 'Age Of Uncertainty'. Whereas our stress in the present world is mainly due to overdemands and expectations. Hence it is considered the 'Age Of Anxiety'. With the development of psychology the terms 'Occupational Stress' got importance and researchers and psychologists worked on it. They have listed a lot of causes for it and have given a lot of suggestions to minimize it. Occupational Stress is the negative psychological and physical effects an employee experiences due to the responsibilities, environment, or other pressures of the work place. Here we are focussing on Occupational Stress among working women in relation to their personality patterns. In this study Occupational Stress Index (OSI) constructed and standardised by Srivastava and Singh to measure the occupational stress and Dhar and Jain's Type A/B Behavioural Pattern Scale (ABBPS) to know the personality patterns.

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Occupational Stress, Working Women, Personality

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Tragedy is one of the most popular forms of drama. The process of showcasing human vulnerability and emotional turmoil appeals to the audiences' sensitivity, accounting for the genre's popularity. It has overcome the tests of time by continuously evolving its subjects, characters, environment, as well as the challenges that it portrays. The present paper traces this multifaceted journey of tragedy with its ancient Greek origins to the diverse dynamics of the modern world, from power struggles, murder conspiracies, to existential crisis and emotional vulnerability. The research aims to analyze major shifts perceived in its form, the broader approach in the themes, and the progression in character palette. It illuminates the enduring power of this dramatic style to create a panorama of suffering and loss, to reflect on the human understanding of these emotions and shape them in a manner to be perceived as epitome of emotionality across millennia.

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Tragedy, Ancient Greek Drama, Modern Drama, Aristotle, Suffering, Existential Crisis

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Nachni here symbolizes a dancer as well as dance. The Nachni dancer mostly with her male companion Rasik and the musician play the Nachni nach. Nachni Nach is very popular in Purulia and the border areas of West Bengal. Nachni dance is a part of the special culture of Purulia and the adjoining regions like Jharkhand. This dance is performed with the addition of dhamsa, madal, tabla, and harmonium. There is a touch of obscenity in the word Nachni. None of them looks good in society; they are treated as prostitutes. Nachni has a special vital role in the cultural life of Purulia. Those who serve their bodies in front of the audience and dance to song rhythms create an atmosphere of entertainment. To know the Nachnis' various forms, dress, and musical instruments used, but it was changed over time, so this paper tries to unveil these things. The present study is based on the qualitative method, where Traditional anthropological tools were employed to collect the primary and secondary data.

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folk dance, Nachni, Rasik, Jhumur, Purulia

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Abstract: Covid-19 (SARC_CoV-2) instigated by a novel trait coronaviridae has become a universal health catastrophe were leads to significant efforts in early detection through medical imaging. This paper presents a Deep Learning (DL)-based method for automatically identifying Covid-19 from X-ray images of chest using a robust pipeline. The proposed method begins with denoising input images using Efficient Channel and Spatial Attention (ECSA) scheme to improve image quality and drop irrelevant noise. Feature extraction is done using Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) augmented with Multi-Head Channel Attention (MHCA) which facilitates the model to focus on multiple relevant feature representations simultaneously. For classification, a Modified CNN (MCNN) framework which is optimized for distinguishing amid Covid-19, Normal and Pneumonia cases is employed. Performance of the propounded model is assessed on Kaggle dataset and Curated dataset compiled from multiple public sources. Results demonstrate effectiveness of model with performance assessed based on Accuracy, Recall, Precision and F-measure, showing promising diagnostic capabilities across diverse datasets.

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Keywords: Covid-19, Kaggle dataset, Curated dataset, Efficient Channel and Spatial Attention (ECSA), Multi-Head Channel Attention (MHCA), Modified CNN (MCNN), CNN eXtreme Gradient Boost (CNN_XGBOOST) , Enhanced Convolutional Neural Network( ECNN),CNN_RF.

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Globalization impacted all levels of governments in the name of fiscal discipline and macroeconomic stability. The economic framework suggested by the International Monetary Fund and World bank influenced the both local as well as foreign investments. Urban areas like metropolitan regions are recognized as engines of development and growth in nation-building, and the urban areas became a place for innovation and capital generating. The cultural change, which is shaping the perspectives of urban politics towards the neoliberal's ideas, promoted the competition between public and private entities. The present Review paper elucidate to globalisation and impact on housing in the Urban areas of Developing Nations' looks into the transforming patterns of 'housing' in the developing countries, discuss about the significant changes and influential factors contributing towards these changes in the dwellings of all classes of society. This review paper is to illustrate how urban areas are being influenced by globalization The study objective is 'Housing in the Urban areas of Developing Nations' looks into the transforming patterns of 'housing' in the developing countries, examine about the significant changes and influential factors contributing towards these changes in the dwellings of all classes of society.

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Economic, Globalisation, Housing, Infrastructure, Policies and Urbanisation

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This project report explores the interplay between ragas (melodic patterns in Indian classical music) and rasas (aesthetic feelings or emotions). The focus should be on understanding how Indian classical music (raga) can evoke specific emotional state (rasa) . Ragas , with their unique melodic structures, are designed to evoke specific rasas, creating an emotional experience for the listener. The project report examines the relationship between musical elements within ragas and the rasas they evoke, highlighting the potential for raga music to influence emotional states. Music impacts peoples and society, music influences emotions, behavior, and cognitive functions. Music helps individuals to feel positivity, reduce stress, and enhance memory, music can also influence social interactions and cultural practices. Music is a emotion, everyone feels connected through music. Hence it is very important to choose right music to feel better and more connected. Music can better our mood if we listen to right music,otherwise it can worsen our mood. Good quality music is better for individuals to listen.

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Music, Raga, Rasa, Bhaav, Impacts

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This study presents a comprehensive listing of crop diseases and their associated pathogens observed in the Taranagar region, located in the Churu district of Rajasthan, India. Agriculture in this semi-arid area is vital to the local economy, yet crop productivity is frequently affected by a range of plant diseases. The survey, conducted over multiple cropping seasons, documented common diseases affecting major crops such as wheat, mustard, gram, bajra, and guar. Each disease was identified based on field symptoms and laboratory confirmation of causative pathogens. The results indicate the prevalence of fungal pathogens such as Puccinia striiformis (causing yellow rust in wheat), Alternaria brassicae (affecting mustard), and Fusarium oxysporum (causing wilt in gram). Bacterial and viral diseases were also noted, including bacterial blight in guar and yellow vein mosaic virus in mungbean. The findings serve as a valuable resource for farmers, agricultural officers, and researchers to develop targeted disease management strategies and enhance crop health in the region.

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crop diseases, agriculture, taranagar, rajasthan.

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The present study finds out and explores the nature of social and cultural set up of the Maring Tribe. It explains the action of how the relationship of mankind and nature was built up and interprets the meaning of life and nature through socio-cultural set up. Thus, the main objective of this study is to interpret the tenets of philosophy and theory of socio-cultural and religious set up of life. The study of the research work is conducted based on information collected from both primary and secondary sources. The key component of the study is based on myths and folk literature which give ample significance of evolution of human society and its history. The Maring myths and folk literatures are the important vehicle for communicating the norms, values and beliefs of the society from one generation to other generation. The present findings highlight the importance of social relationship amongst the people which helps in making a meaningful and cemented socio-cultural set up.

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Stone gate, material social facts, non material social facts, village gate, village shrine.

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 Abstract

प्रसाद छायावाद युग के श्रेष्ठ एवं प्रतिनिधि कवि हुए हैं उन्होंने महाकाव्य के रूप में 'कामायनी' की रचना की और उनकी अभिव्यक्ति में जीवन दर्शन को इस प्रकार दर्शाया है कि उसमें आधुनिक मानव जीवन को सुखी बनाने के प्रेरणा स्रोत दिए हैं, प्रसाद का दार्शनिक पक्ष पर अत्यधिक प्रभाव शिव दर्शन के आने वाले प्रत्यभिज्ञा दर्शन का दिखाई दिया है। अनेक पारिभाषिक शब्द इसका प्रमाण हैं। प्रसाद की कुशलता यह है कि उन्होंने दर्शन की नीरसता एवं शुष्क विचारों को भाव एवं योग के माध्यम से सरस एवं सुलभ बनाने का प्रयास किया है। कामायनी का दार्शनिक पक्ष व्यवहारिक है और इस व्यवहारिकता को अपनाकर मनुष्य अपने जीवन को आनंदमय सुखमय बना सकता है।

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अभिव्यक्ति,जीवन दर्शन, मानव जीवन, आनंद, भाव एवं योग, चेतन।

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This paper digs into a very specific form of writing: the Champ? K?byas, a poetic genre where each composition revolves around a specific letter (in this case, encompassing all 34 consonants of the Odia language). The focal point of each song lies in the meticulous and repetitive usage of a particular chosen letter, as the poet attempts to saturate the verses with the presence of that particular letter. Through a detailed analysis, this paper provides insights into the frequency and patterns of utilisation for each consonant across different songs of the Ki?orachandr?nanda Champ? by Kabis?rj?ya Ba?adeba Ratha, one of the most prolific and important Odia writers. By quantifying the instances of each letter's usage, the study sheds light on the linguistic nuances and stylistic variations employed by poets in crafting these lyrical works like consonance, assonance and alliterations that enrich the spoken quality of the text. This analysis will also help in understanding the nuances of the Odia language, contributing to a deeper appreciation of its linguistic richness and Kabis?rj?ya's literary prowess.

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 Keywords

Odissi Music, Kishorachandrananda Champu, Kabisurjya Baladeba Ratha, Odia literature

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Teaching remains one of the most respected and impactful professions, particularly in developing nations like India. The quality of life of teachers significantly influences their professional effectiveness, which in turn affects the education system. Financial behavior--especially saving and investment habits--plays a critical role in shaping this quality of life. This study, titled "A Study on Investment Behaviour of College Teachers with Special Reference to Kottayam Municipality," aims to explore the investment patterns, awareness, and satisfaction levels of Arts and Science college teachers in Kottayam. Using a sample of 100 respondents selected through convenience sampling, the study adopts a descriptive and analytical research design. Primary data were collected via structured questionnaires, while secondary data were sourced from journals and online platforms. Statistical tools like percentages and Likert-scale analysis were employed using SPSS. The study spans from June 2024 to March 2025 and seeks to contribute empirically to the underexplored area of teacher investment behavior

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Investment behaviour, Financial literacy, Savings patterns, Quality of life, Investment avenues, Risk perception, Financial decision-making.

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Self instructional module, safe confinement, knowledge, primigravida mothers.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Assisted reproductive technologies have posed legal and ethical questions, especially in the realm of posthumous reproduction, i.e., using a deceased male's gamete for procreation. In India, the Assisted Reproductive Technology (Regulation) Act, 2021, was passed to provide a legal framework for the regulation of fertility clinics and procedures; however, it conspicuously remains silent on the posthumous use of gametes, especially in the case of unmarried persons. In the recent petition before the Bombay High Court, a mother pleaded for granting her access to her deceased 21-year-old unmarried son's frozen semen to continue the family lineage, thus highlighting the lacunae in the Indian statute. This raises adamant questions: the issue of consent, ownership of biological material, and the treatment of gametes as property. The study critically examines and explores gaps within the ART Act, 2021 regarding such sensitive matters and analyzes whether the existing legal framework in India is able to deal with the fine nuances of posthumous reproductive rights. It further analyzes the intersection between reproductive autonomy and family rights with cultural values regarding lineage. Using comparisons with global legislative responses and judicial trends, the paper calls for an ethically grounded and rights-based reconstruction of reproductive laws in India that bring about clarity and consent whilst ensuring dignity in these very personal decisions.

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Keywords - Posthumous Reproduction, Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) Act, 2021, Frozen Gametes, Reproductive Rights.

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Soap is used in every day life and hence it needs to purchased , this people choose brands that are in vogue.The soap industry has many brands and these brands have their market share.The market share is to be analysed for understanding the industry in general.This paper is to understand how the industry makes its moves in terms of progress and competition.

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Consumer behaviour,product packing,new products, development of new markets, pricing, distribution network,retailers,dealers,consumer offers, product launch

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Mouth dissolving tablet is a rapidly dissolving dosage form that dissolves in the mouth without the intake of water and is mainly used for pediatric and geriatric patients due to its flexibility and patient compliance due to saliva components. It is a potential dosage form for drugs having high metabolism and low bioavailability. Solvent casting, hot melt extrusion, solid dispersion, semisolid casting, rolling, and other processes can all be used to create mouth dissolving tablet, but solvent casting is the most popular due to its consistency and superior physical properties. Mouth dissolving tablet is evaluated for the following parameters like physical parameters and chemical parameters some time it is also known as a orodispersible which disperse or disintegrate into oral cavity. The time required to disintegrate should be not more than 3 minutes. Dosage forms in which they are available are tablets and mouth dissolving tablets which when placed in oral cavity release drug instantaneously with rapid onset of action.

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MDT, Casting Tactics, Patient compliance, Geriatric Patients, Pediatric Patients.

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The Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME) sector is a significant driver of economic growth, employment, and innovation. Women entrepreneurs, in particular, play a pivotal role in this sector, contributing to societal and economic progress. This paper examines the initiatives undertaken by the Haryana state government and the central government of India to support and promote women entrepreneurship in the MSME sector. By addressing challenges such as limited access to finance, infrastructure, and skill development, these initiatives aim to create an enabling environment for women entrepreneurs. Key programs include financial assistance schemes, infrastructure development projects, skill training initiatives, and credit guarantee schemes. The concerted efforts by these governments highlight the commitment to fostering an inclusive entrepreneurial ecosystem that empowers women and promotes sustainable economic growth.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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MSME, Government Schemes, Women Entrepreneurs

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition