Volume 13 | Issue 7

 Abstract

India became the first country to legally mandate the CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) on April 1, 2014. In the recent years the CSR expenditure has increased more than double. The CSR results in greater value creation for the communities. The companies also get numerous benefits of CSR expenditure on their business. CSR helps companies in becoming socially accountable to the society and public at large. It is a very broad concept addresses many issues relating to human rights, corporate governance, health and safety, environment etc. The present paper studied the CSR expenditure in India as well as in the Punjab State. It shows that the CSR expenditure has increased from the year 2014-15 to 2020-21 both in India as well as in the Punjab State. The study also discussed the various CSR activities undertaken by the corporate in the state.

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Corporate Social Responsibility, Punjab, Expenditure

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Color therapy is an alternative therapy which helps to regulate the chakra in our body. A healthy chakra maintainsthe body healthier and fit. Chakras, which are present in our body from head to spine, will regulate all the bodyfunctions. Human body reacts with the color and every color has its own character to heal the body and calm themind. This review article will reveal the benefits of colors and how it interact the human to regulate the body andmind.Chromotherapythroughwaterwillrelaxthemindandcuremanydiseases.

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Colortherapy;Chromotherapy.

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The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into Business Analytics (BA) is fundamentally transforming how organizations derive insights and make strategic decisions. This study explores AI's pervasive impact, moving beyond descriptive analytics to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of data processing, and enabling advanced predictive and prescriptive capabilities. Drawing from recent literature, this paper addresses key research gaps, including the challenges in measuring AI's Return on Investment (ROI), ensuring explainability (XAI), navigating ethical considerations and bias, mitigating skill gaps, and overcoming integration complexities with legacy systems. Through a systematic secondary data analysis, this research aims to synthesize current knowledge, identify best practices, and propose actionable strategies for organizations to effectively leverage AI in their business analytics functions, fostering a data-driven culture and addressing potential pitfalls.

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Artificial Intelligence, Business Analytics, Predictive Analytics, Prescriptive Analytics, ROI, Explainable AI (XAI), Ethical AI, Skill Gap, Legacy System Integration, Data-Driven Decision Making. ________________________________________

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This study evaluated and assessed the competencies of Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) personnel and the challenges encountered in managing fire incidents in the National Capital Region (NCR) from 2015 to 2024. Employing a quantitative-correlational research design, the study aimed to establish the relationship between BFP personnel competence and fire incident outcomes--specifically in classifying fire incidents, managing casualties, and containing property damage. Data were gathered using survey questionnaires, key informant interviews, and documentary analysis, with a total of 357 respondents from various. BFP units across the NCR, selected through stratified sampling and Cochran's formula. The findings revealed that BFP personnel were generally competent, earning mean ratings ranging from 4.42 to 4.43. Fire incidents ranged from 12,070 to 19,292 cases annually, with casualties peaking at 448 in 2019 and damages reaching ?13.07 billion in 2023. A significant negative correlation was found between BFP competence and casualties (r = -0.713, p = 0.016), while relationships with fire classifications and property damage were weak and statistically insignificant. The NCR was chosen as the study locale due to its high population density, rapid urbanization, and frequent fire occurrences. The region's urban complexity and infrastructure challenges heightened its vulnerability to fire hazards, making it an appropriate site to assess the performance of fire protection personnel. The study also reviewed existing fire prevention measures such as public awareness campaigns, inspections, drills, and policy enforcement Challenges identified included lack of equipment (86.83%), personnel shortages (81.51%), poor public cooperation (53.78%), inadequate water supply (49.86%), and disorganized urban planning (47.06%). To address these, proposed action plans included equipment procurement (?7.5M), recruitment and training (?5M), awareness campaigns (?750K), hydrant installation (?3M), and urban planning coordination (?1M). The study concluded that while BFP personnel in the NCR demonstrate competence in fire management, significant gaps in logistics, infrastructure, and public engagement remain. It recommends continuous training, strategic resource allocation, infrastructure upgrades, and multi-sectoral collaboration to improve fire safety and governance in the region.

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Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP), Fire Incidence, National Capital Region (NCR), Philippines, Firefighter Competencies, Fire Prevention, Fire Suppression, Casualty Management, Damage Control, Fire Classification

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This study explores dystopian and post-apocalyptic literature as profound reflections on human resilience amidst societal collapse, oppression, and trauma. These narratives examine how suffering - whether inflicted by authoritarian regimes, technological control, or catastrophic events - shapes individual identities, responses, and moral development. Central to these works are themes of trauma, pain, and their dual roles as tools of control and catalysts for resistance, illustrating the complex interplay between oppression and agency. By portraying characters' transformative journeys through adversity, the literature underscores the capacity for resilience, growth, and self-discovery, emphasizing that suffering can serve as both a dehumanizing force and a pathway to renewal. These stories critique socio-political structures, reveal the psychological impacts of trauma, and highlight the enduring human quest for meaning. Ultimately, dystopian and post-apocalyptic narratives reflect on the capacity for hope and renewal in the face of chaos, offering insights into the human condition and the transformative potential of suffering.

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Dystopia, Apocalypse, Pain, Trauma, Evolution, Character, Discovery, Psychology.

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This study presents a practice-based methodological framework designed to overcome the error in dynamic communication (Generative application paradox) in design ideation and application. The process of creativity is often misunderstood, with many equating it to mere knowledge or technical skill during the time of academic evaluation. The intent of being spontaneous has been generalized as one of the major eyes of creativity. An act of unpredictability causes the mind to think of something very interesting and be able to create something new (an unexplored set of combinations). But creativity comes over the top of this combination, where the elemental particles have transformed themselves to create something brightly ominous. In the field of fashion illustration, creativity is frequently constrained by rigid educational systems that prioritize technique over subconscious, fluid ideation. This paper explores the stages of creative thought, highlighting how patterns, which initially serve as guides, can hinder progress once they become ingrained. The nonexistence of a practical design application method creates a paradox of path. As Trying to find an act of impossible elemental transformation, which is continually repeatable in any sort of creative problem is absurd. The SwaFlow method is proposed as a solution, fostering oscillation between the Executive Control Network (ECN) and Default Mode Network (DMN), which enhances cognitive flexibility and helps break through mental barriers (especially for Avante Garde deigning). By bridging the gap between chaotic and structured thinking, the SwaFlow method encourages designers to move beyond traditional approaches and unlock deeper creative potential. Ultimately, this framework offers a fresh approach to overcoming mental blocks and facilitating innovative, original design solutions in fashion illustration.

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Mental block, creativity, cognitive flexibility, Default mode network (DMN), Executive control network (ECN), Generative Application Paradox, Reflexive Ideation, Subconscious Design Process, Fashion Illustration.

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A remarkable depiction of a female Greta's difficult battle between her damaged thoughts and her everyday life can be found in the story To Reach Japan. For the stunning portrayal of her inner yearning, identity quest, and desire for a profession was elucidated. Identity crises are common among women in society as they struggle with traditional roles, social expectations, and the need to define themselves. This difficulty may result from their relationships - wife, mother, and daughter - defining them more so than their own identities and goals. A woman's sense of self is shaped by her social roles, cultural standards, and personal experiences; when these factors conflict, it can result in an identity crisis. By examining Greta's condition and achieving her goal with tenacity, this piece aims to demonstrate the primary female character's quest for individuality.

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Identity crisis, aspiration, longing, domestic responsibilities

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Mushroom cultivation presents considerable nutritional, ecological, and economic advantages, especially in developing countries. However, poor management of agricultural waste raises significant environmental concerns and threatens food security. This study aimed to explore the optimal substrate selection for cultivating Pleurotus spp. The experimental design utilized a completely randomized design (CRD) methodology, incorporating three replicates for each substrate and mushroom species combination. The data collected underwent a thorough descriptive statistical analysis, emphasizing yield comparison and colonization efficiency. The highest yield was observed with rice straw (760 g/kg) for P. ostreatus, followed by wheat straw (780 g) for P. florida and soybean straw (600 g) for P. djamor. This species exhibited clear substrate preferences, with soybean straw consistently identified as one of the most effective options, yielding high outputs and biological efficiency (BE) across various studies. These findings underscore the critical role of substrate selection in optimizing the cultivation of Pleurotus mushrooms

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Pleurotus spp.; Mushroom biotechnology; Biological efficiency; Lignocellulosic substrates; Agricultural residues

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This study aimed to find out appropriate laccase producing fungi. In this study wood inhabiting Aphyllophorales fungal samples collected from different areas of Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar and isolated on malt extract agar plate. Isolated sample Screened for laccase activity using plate assay technique. Enzyme substrate oxidation study of forty two fungal isolates were carried out by using different substrate like Tannic acid, Guaiacol, ? Naphthol, 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) for laccase production out of which forty samples show substrate oxidation zone. The difference in the pattern of substrate oxidation by laccase from different species of fungi is paid attention in the study. The potent enzyme producing fungal isolates were identified by the screening strategies and the potent isolates were taken for enzyme production studies.

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Aphyllophorales, Laccase, Wood rotting fungi, Enzyme Screening.

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Abstract: The sources of transmitting information to audience at large and staying informed through online platforms is termed as social media. Websites and applications that facilitate communication, community based input, interaction, content sharing and collaboration connotes the Social media platform. It is found instrumental to disseminate information and influence public opinion on a large scale, shaping cultural norms, political discourse and individual and mass behaviours including increase in women's awareness and flexibility of works. It can play a significant role in promoting women's empowerment by raising awareness about gender gap issues and showcasing effectiveness of women in socio economic transition of the society. Women's empowerment through the movement of women Self Help Groups has also been getting impetus through rapid growth of the array of mass media. Women are being empowered by their involvement in and access to Self Help Group; and self-expression as well as decision-making that are exposed and influenced by social media platform. This paper seeks to enquire how the women SHG members use social media platform and to search how they are being benefitted and empowered. On the basis of quantitative and qualitative assessment through a case study in this paper discourses the role of mass media in women empowerment. The findings asserted that women SHG members are getting impetus for social and economic empowerment.

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Keywords: Mass media, online platforms, women empowerment, literacy, quality of life, etc.

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Green banks have emerged as pivotal financial institutions dedicated to mobilizing capital for sustainable infrastructure projects, including green buildings, to accelerate the transition to a low-carbon, resilient economy. Through a comprehensive analysis of case studies, policy frameworks, and financial mechanisms, this study aims to examine the effectiveness of green banks in promoting investment in green buildings, fostering innovation, and driving sustainable economic growth. By assessing the alignment between green bank activities and SDG targets, as well as identifying trade-offs, barriers, and benefits of scaling up investment in sustainable infrastructure, this research will provide insights into strategies for maximizing the impact of green banks in advancing global sustainability objectives. The findings will inform policymakers, financial institutions, investors, and practitioners about the potential of green banks as catalysts for sustainable development and offer recommendations for strengthening their capacity to mobilize capital, drive innovation, and achieve meaningful impact in the transition to a green economy.

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Green Banks, Sustainable Infrastructure, SDGs, Environmental Sustainability.

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This research paper proposes a system that integrates customer segmentation with recommendation mechanisms using machine learning algorithms. By analyzing user behavior and transaction data, the system segments customers into distinct groups and provides personalized product recommendations. The project utilizes K-Means clustering for segmentation and collaborative filtering for the recommendation process. The outcome enhances customer experience and business decision-making, offering increased personalization and engagement.

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Customer Segmentation, Recommendation System, Machine Learning, K-Means, Collaborative Filtering, Data Mining

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This study investigates the impact of social media advertising on consumer attitudes and purchase intentions within the FMCG and FMCD sectors in India. Employing a descriptive and causal research design, data were collected through structured online questionnaires from 173 social media users in Hyderabad, focusing on awareness, engagement, and influence of social media ads. Key findings reveal that over 67% of respondents are aware of FMCG and FMCD advertisements, with platforms like YouTube and Instagram being predominant. Video content, music, and innovative ideas significantly enhance engagement, and a majority rely on reviews and recommendations for purchasing decisions. The analysis demonstrates that social media advertising exerts a statistically significant influence on consumer perceptions and behaviors. These results underscore the importance of targeted, engaging digital marketing strategies to foster brand loyalty and drive sales, emphasizing social media's vital role in contemporary consumer engagement and marketing effectiveness.

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Social Media Advertising, FMCG (Fast-Moving Consumer Goods), FMCD (Fast-Moving Consumer Durables), Advertising Impact, India, Consumer Behaviour, Marketing Strategies, Digital Marketing.

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Abstract The mutual fund industry plays a significant role in the mobilization of savings and the allocation of capital in financial markets. Among the various types of mutual funds, growth mutual funds are particularly appealing to investors seeking capital appreciation over the long term. These funds typically invest in companies with high growth potential, often reinvesting earnings to fuel further expansion rather than paying dividends. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive performance analysis of selected growth mutual funds to evaluate their ability to deliver superior risk-adjusted returns. The research involves the selection of a representative sample of growth-oriented mutual funds from different asset management companies. The performance of these funds is assessed over a specified period using a variety of financial and statistical tools. Key performance indicators include average return, standard deviation, beta, Sharpe ratio. These metrics provide insights not only into the returns generated by the funds but also into the levels of risk taken to achieve those returns. In addition, the study compares the funds' performance against a relevant benchmark index to determine relative efficiency. The findings reveal notable variations in the risk-return profiles of the selected funds, with some consistently outperforming the benchmark and others showing underperformance despite higher levels of risk. This research concludes that while growth mutual funds can offer attractive returns, investors must carefully evaluate fund performance using risk-adjusted measures before making investment decisions. Overall, this study contributes to a better understanding of the performance dynamics of growth mutual funds and offers valuable insights for retail and institutional investors, portfolio managers, and policy.

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Mutual Funds, Sharpe ratio ,Standard Deviation, Average return ,Risk and Return

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Telangana, a state in India, boasts a rich cultural heritage and diverse tourism potential, spanning from prehistoric times to the modern era. The region, historically known as Trilingadesha, has been influenced by various dynasties, including the Kakatiya, Qutub Shahi, and Asaf Jahi, resulting in a unique blend of Hindu, Persian, Islamic, and Christian architectural styles. The state is adorned with numerous historical monuments, Buddhist and Jain sites, and elaborately carved temples. Telangana also features picturesque natural attractions, including serene lakes, verdant woods, and abundant wildlife. The Telugu language, which was accorded classical language status by the Government of India in 2008, is an integral part of the state's cultural identity. Despite its robust infrastructure, excellent connectivity, and thriving industries such as IT, pharmaceuticals, and film, Telangana has not effectively leveraged its tourism potential over the past decade. To address this issue, the state government has identified tourism as a priority sector and has introduced the "Telangana Tourism Policy 2025-30," the first tourism policy of Telangana. This policy aims to provide the necessary impetus for tourism infrastructure development through strategic concessions and incentives, accelerate the establishment of new tourism projects, and promote Telangana as a top tourist destination globally. The policy also emphasizes effective branding strategies, capacity-building, and institutional mechanisms to improve investor confidence and encourage private sector investment in the tourism sector.

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Telangana , Kakatiya, Asaf Jahi , Qutub Shahi, Infrastructure, Tourism Policy, institutional Mechanism, investement

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This study investigates the critical issue of Non-PerformingAssets (NPAs) within Scheduled Commercial Banks (SCBs) in India and the strategies employed for their recovery. NPAs, defined as loans or advances where principal or interest payments remain overdue for more than90days,significantlyimpactthefinancialhealth,profitability,andstabilityofthebanking sector. The accumulation of NPAs leads to reduced interest income, increased provisioning requirements,capitalerosion,andheightenedcreditrisk,ultimatelyhinderingabank'slending capacity and economic growth. The study delves into the various causes of NPAs, including aggressive lending practices, wilful defaults, economic downturns, industry-specific challenges, and operational inefficiencieswithinbanks.ItfurtherexaminesthemultifacetedimpactofhighNPAlevelson SCBs, such as squeezed Net Interest Margins, decreased investor confidence, and increased regulatory scrutiny. AsignificantportionofthestudyfocusesontheevolvingframeworkandmechanismsforNPA recovery in India. This includes an analysis of legal and regulatory initiatives like the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC), the Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest (SARFAESI) Act, Debt Recovery Tribunals (DRTs), and LokAdalats.Thestudyalso explores otherrecoverystrategies such as OneTime Settlements (OTS), debt restructuring, the role of Asset Reconstruction Companies (ARCs), and the growing adoption of technological solutions for early warning signals and automated recovery processes. Despite the various measures, challenges persist in NPA recovery, including legal and procedural delays, difficulties in accurate asset valuation and realization, lack of debtor cooperation, and operational inefficiencies within banks. The study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the NPAlandscape in Indian SCBs, assess the effectiveness of current recoverymechanisms, and suggest potential improvements to bolster the resilience and efficiency of the Indian banking sector

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Non-Performing Assets (NPAs), Scheduled Commercial Banks (SCBs), NPA Recovery Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) SARFAESI Act, Debt Recovery Tribunals (DRTs) ,LokAdalats

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The indentured labourers' voyage brought them into contact with a new phenomenon known as the feminist age, and the new term is now known as the "Diaspora". Our ancestors gave us the name Diaspora, as they gave their lives to ensure the survival of their family. This historical event has changed the traditional and conservative view on the identity of women. It has changed the whole narrative of patriarchal society. It got rid of the gender prejudice. The new phenomenon known as Diaspora has helped our nation establish strong and positive connections with a number of nations that are benefiting us on a worldwide scale and are also contributing in a unique way to our country's growth.

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Feminist, diaspora, revolutionary, patriarchy, phenomenon.

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The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of the different paces of Suryanamaskar on flexibility variable. To find out and evaluate the pattern of progress in different paces of Suryanamaskar practice. A total 120 male students were randomly selected from B.Tech degree program for CoAE, JNKVV Jabalpur. The ages ranged of subject were between 17-24 years. For administration practicability three intact groups were formed namely group 1 group 2 group 3. The treatment pace 1 (90 second), pace 2(180 second) pace 3(360 second) was randomly allotted among 03 group; each consisted of 40 students name as pace 1, pace 2 and pace 3 groups. The groups actively participated for a period of 12 weeks with their respective paces of Suryanamaskar. The quantitative measurement of each subject taken with help of standard equipment before the training programme pretest after 6 and 12 weeks of training programme. Descriptive statistics and ANOVA was employed to find out within and between groups the effect of different pace effect of training durations and effect between pace and training durations of Suryanamaskar on selected flexibility variable by using SPSS 19 and the level of significance was at 0.05.Results: The findings indicated that the practice of Suryanamaskar for 6 and 12 weeks is enough to bring out significant improvement flexibility variable in all three paces of groups, there was no significant difference found among three paces of groups on flexibility at pretest. However, after 12 week training of Suryanamaskar the effect on flexibility was pace 3 groups found most improvement followed by pace 2 and pace 1 group.

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Keyword. Flexibility, variable, Suryanamaskar pace, sit& reach test etc

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Background: Chronic bronchitis is defined as a condition associated with excessive tracheobronchial mucus production to cause cough with expectoration for at least 3 months of the year, for more than 2 consecutive year. Chronic bronchitis is characterized by long-term inflammation and irritation of the bronchial tubes, which brings excess mucus into the airways. This results in chronic cough, excessive sputum production, wheezing, breathlessness, and tightness in the chest. . It is one of the most common respiratory disease and leads to limitation of airflow as well as deteriorating health status. The aim of study is to find out the immediate effect of pursed lip breathing and conventional physiotherapy on breath holding test in chronic bronchitis patients. Materials and Methodology: In this study patients include both males and females between age group 40 to 60 years diagnosed with chronic bronchitis for at least 3 months of the year for more than 2 consecutive year were included in the study. Patients with unstable cardiovascular disease, severe hepatic and renal dysfunction, malnutrition, malignant tumour and severe anaemia, history of taking regular corticosteroids or other immunosuppressive agents and acute exacerbation of COPD or pneumonia within past 6 weeks were eliminated from the study. 40 male or females with chronic bronchitis in tertiary care hospital were randomly chosen. Pursed lip breathing and conventional physiotherapy is performed in those patients to fill in the required data. Breath holding test is performed to see the significant effect in reduced breathing. The participant signed the consent form willingly. The collected data was statistically analysed for finding. Result: There was significant effect of pursed lip breathing (group A) and conventional physiotherapy (group B) on breath holding test within the group A and B in both groups with more significant effect in group A compared to group B (p=0.002). Also there was significant effect on breath holding test in group A compared with that of group B (p =0.001). Conclusion: On the basis of results we have concluded that the both pursed lip breathing and conventional physiotherapy are effective in reduced breathing in chronic bronchitis patients. We also concluded that pursed lip breathing is more significant than conventional physiotherapy.

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pursed lip breathing, conventional physiotherapy, chronic bronchitis patients, breath holding test

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