Volume 12 | Issue 7

 Abstract

Noise pollution has been rising as a critical issue in recent days particularly for the working individuals in the industries. Noise pollution is unwanted sound, it needs to be controlled to make the workplace comfortable. This chapter analyses noise mathematically and the effects of multiple sources are examined. Two noises of exactly the same level can have a combined noise level that is 3 dB higher than the individual values. The greater the difference between the two individual noise sources, the lower is the combined noise level. Different people react differently to the same type of noise. A noise level up to 90 dB does not have any appreciable effect. Exposure in excess of 115 dB is not permitted with unprotected ears as it runs the risk of hearing impairment. The average noise level of various equipment used inside the washery generally ranges from 85 to 110 dB. Various control measures for the abatement of noise pollution have been studied. The hierarchy of control for a reduction of hearing loss to personnel is illustrated. This study has been conducted to find out the effects of machinery and man induced noise within the industry. Reduction pattern of noise level can easily be visualized and evaluated by using noise maps. This type of study could support decision makers during adaptation of suitable remedial measures

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pollution and noise sources

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The Purpose of this paper is to assess and reduce or eliminate Hazards in manufacturing industries, fume hoods are essential at the workplace since fumes released by welding process may lead to adverse health effect. Concerns with the potential health effects of fume emissions during Flux Cored Arc Welding have prompted investigations of methods for reducing fumes accumulated in the manufacturing facility and the concentration of hazardous metals in the evolved fume.This abstract provides an overview of the importance of ergonomic assessment and risk reduction in the steel fabrication industry. Ergonomic assessment is essential in identifying and mitigating ergonomic hazards that workers in the steel fabrication industry face daily with the assumption of pull velocity of the industrial blower ventilation fan it is decided to eliminate the accumulated welding fumes generated. To reduce the health hazards of the workers in welding facility due to the exposure of the welding fumes also, to improve the well-being of the workers and to meet the legal compliance of the industry. The result of the data opens an opportunity for the change to improve welfare and productivity of an organization or company.

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 Keywords

Hazards, Hazard Assessment, Risk reduction in Steel fabrication industry

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In most of the manufacturing industries, welding is one of the major processes involved in the fabrication, but fumes from welding process may lead to adverse health effect. Concerns with the potential health effects of fume emissions during various welding processes have prompted investigations of methods for reducing fumes accumulated in the manufacturing facility and the concentration of hazardous metals in the evolved fume. It is decided to use a suitable Engineering control with the principle of push and pull with the help of fume hoods may to eliminate the accumulated welding fumes generated in the welding facility. To reduce the health hazards of the workers in welding facility due to the exposure of the welding fumes also, to improve the well-being of the workers and to meet the legal compliance of the industry.

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 Keywords

Welding, Welding Fumes, Fume Hoods, Health Effect.

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 Abstract

This paper aims to HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT FOR MACHINE IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY the process of evaluating the risks to safety and health arising from hazards while working in machines, which forms an integral part of the Occupational Safety and Health Management System, whereby all hazards are identified and evaluated taking into consideration existing control measures. The exercise should be carried out by competent persons in the field. The aim is to eliminate or minimize risks at work through tightening of control measures. The risk assessment process may also identify the training needs of employees and contribute towards the building of a preventative safety and health culture. In this endeavour, the commitment of management, employees and competent persons are important in carrying out a proper risk assessment. Risk Assessment is an important tool in the creation of safe working conditions thereby increasing productivity and employees' morale while reducing injury, sick leaves, and labour turnover. It also aims at cost reduction as accidents and illnesses are costly to the injured/diseased person, the close family, the organization as well as the State. The objectives of this guideline are to assist employers and employees' representatives to have a better understanding and to put into application a uniform approach of Risk Assessment. Risk assessment is the determination of quantitative or qualitative value of risk related to a concrete situation and a recognized threat.

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Occupational Safety and Health Management

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The refractory industry plays a critical role in various high-temperature industrial processes. However, the nature of work in this industry often involves physically demanding tasks that can lead to ergonomic challenges and occupational health risks for workers. The Purpose of this paper is to assess and reduce or eliminate Ergonomic risks using ARECC framework. It provides an overview of the importance of ergonomic assessment and risk reduction in the refractory industry. Ergonomic assessment is essential in identifying and mitigating ergonomic hazards that workers in the refractory industry face daily. These hazards include heavy lifting, repetitive motions, awkward postures, and exposure to extreme temperatures, which can lead to musculoskeletal disorders, fatigue, and decreased productivity. Ergonomic assessments involve the systematic evaluation of workplace conditions, equipment design, and work processes to identify potential risks and areas for improvement. The findings recommend a necessary change to improve or even eliminate the ergonomic related issues. The result of the data opens an opportunity for the change to improve welfare and productivity of an organization or company.

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 Keywords

Ergonomics, Ergonomic Assessment, Risk score, Refractory industry, ARECC

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Safety plays an important role in human beings' life. Occupational health and safety become a vital part in every Industry. The background of this project is to condense the cause and effects in health and safety & environment. The main objective of this paper is to identify the hazards in pesticide manufacturing industry which may affect the employer and the environment. To assess the safety means, it needs to reduce the risk everywhere, so that Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA) can be done for working in a Effluent treatment plant in pesticides industry. To find the hazards means, then risk can be accessed from the hazards and then to analyse the severity rating for the hazards. Calculating the severity and probability of occurrence and suggesting the hazards are acceptable or not acceptable. By using the Chemical exposure level meter or quality analyse the organic and inorganic content present in all effluent stream from plant. We can evaluate the Hazard exposure limit while working Effluent treatment plant .These Chemical are hazardous to human health. So, we have to reduce and control the hazards by using Risk assessment. The project work focuses on using the HIRA technique on improvement of health and safety while working in Pesticide manufacturing industry.

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Effluent treatment plant, Pesticides manufacturing process, Minimum explosion concentration, Hazard identification and risk assessment.

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The beverage industry relies heavily on mechanized operations for its vast production needs, and ensuring the safety of the workforce in this environment is paramount. This paper delves into the critical aspect of hazard analysis within the beverage industry, particularly focusing on the machine-guarding devices integral to workplace safety. We conducted an extensive evaluation of the potential hazards and risks associated with the absence or malfunctioning of machine guards and analyzed the repercussions on employee safety and operational productivity. This study also scrutinized the existing safety regulations and standards associated with machine guarding devices. The research involved a detailed study of multiple beverage production units, including their machine types, guarding mechanisms, hazard potentials, and associated safety measures. Through our research, we devised a comprehensive model to optimize the safety protocols and minimize the risk hazards in the beverage industry. We anticipate that our findings will lead to significant enhancements in workplace safety and subsequently improve operational efficiency in the beverage industry.

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Beverage Industry, Machine Guarding Devices, Workplace Safety, Hazard Analysis, Operational Efficiency.

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This paper aims to evaluate the ergonomic hazards at shop floor level that affects the employees. Ergonomics in a manufacturing environment is an integral part of workplace safety. It is easy to overlook everyday actions that could lead to Musculoskeletal disorders(MSDs) in long term, cumulative disorders and injuries. Here the critical tasks that affects the employees are identified on the shop floor inspection by Ergonomic assessment questionnaire. Job Safety Analysis helps to breakdown the critical tasks into sequence of steps. Each steps are analyzed for hazards and recorded. Then they are evaluated by using Alstom Ergo checklist. Two activities are being considered for the ergonomic study that affects the employees- Spot welding and Equipment mounting. Assessment of both activities are carried out and improvement must be planned to control the effects caused by critical activities. This can be controlled by providing specific safety trainings, conduct campaigns on shop floor along with engineering controls in place.

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Ergonomics, Job safety analysis, Assessment, Ergo checklist

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Ergonomics is defined as study about the designing equipment and the devices that fits human body and its movements. It also studies the cognitive abilities of the humans. It is employed to fulfil the goals of the health and the productivity of the human. Allotted ergonomic design is a mandatory one as to prevent few cases like the repetitive works, strain injuries, and so on, that may lead to long-term disability. We are trying to improve their efficiency of an operation by taking into account of a person's size, strength, visual acuity and physiological stresses such as the fatigue, speed of decision making and the demands of memory & perception. In order, we are trying to enhance the human values in the field of health, process and safety environment. As we are focusing on MSD (Musculoskeletal Disorders), we are trying to lower down them by improving the awareness of the employees and the contract workmen through the training and various exercise programmes.

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 Keywords

Ergonomic Risk Assessment, REBA, Manufacturing Case Study

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The main objective of this project is to improve the suspension system and increase the monitoring or surveillance of the rover. In this project the suspension system is modified by using the arm and motor to control the suspension system. Here the rover can able to rotate 360 degree which is controlled by separate motor to rotate the wheel and it leads to rotate the entire rover 360 degree with precise space. This project will lead to use in different applications like Space, Military etc. Also this rover is used to surveillance the army place and attack the terrorist camp using the gun controlled to aim and attack the enemies. This project makes use of an extension arm to recover the rover when there is a stuck in the rover which is controlled to lift the entire rover to recover from slurry, mud etc. This project have future scope to use in applications in space and military to surveillance and improve the collaborative technique of the rover. This helps in reduce the some exploding accidents in the defense.

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Suspension System, Geared motors, Servo motors, Mobile application, Microcontroller

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Teaching Arabic phonetics to non-native speakers has emerged as a critical research field due to increased global demand for the Arabic language for educational, professional and religious purposes. Despite this growing interest, learners struggle to identify, differentiate and articulate Arabic phonemes accurately--particularly emphatic, uvular, pharyngeal and glottal sounds not found in many Indo-Aryan and European languages. These difficulties often lead to phonological interference, communication barriers, and semantic distortion. The current study investigates the linguistic, cognitive, sociocultural and pedagogical constraints faced by learners during phonetic acquisition. The research follows descriptive and analytical methods to examine classroom experiences and phonetic learning outcomes. Findings reveal that lack of systematic phonetic instruction, inadequate exposure to authentic Arabic pronunciation, and dependency on memorization-based learning significantly hinder phonetic mastery. This study proposes a multi-layered classroom framework integrating articulatory phonetics, audio-visual pronunciation tools, minimal-pair drills, peer-interaction exercises and corrective feedback mechanisms. Results demonstrate that structured phonetic instruction substantially enhances pronunciation accuracy, fluency, and learner confidence.

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Arabic phonetics; non-native speakers; pronunciation accuracy; phonological interference; articulatory phonetics; classroom solutions; minimal-pair drills; audio-visual learning; phoneme acquisition; second language pedagogy.

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Delhi, as India's national capital and a Union Territory with partial statehood, presents a unique case in the country's federal framework. This asymmetric federal arrangement, governed by Article 239AA of the Constitution, creates a complex governance model where the elected government shares power with the centrally appointed Lieutenant Governor (LG). This paper examines how Delhi's asymmetric federalism challenges India's federal unity and cooperative federalism, focusing on administrative conflicts, legislative limitations, judicial interventions, and their broader implications. By analysing constitutional provisions, historical developments, and recent disputes, it argues that the ambiguous division of powers undermines effective governance and federal harmony. Recommendations are proposed to align Delhi's governance with the principles of cooperative federalism while respecting its role as the national capital.

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Cooperative Federalism, Asymmetric Federalism, Administrative Conflicts, Legislative Constraints, Judicial Interventions

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The evolving environmental landscape demands a fundamental reorientation of public administration toward sustainability-driven governance. This study investigates how administrative frameworks can embed ecological principles within institutional structures, policy processes, and service delivery mechanisms. It examines the strategic integration of sustainability into governance models, identifies persistent challenges impeding the adoption of green policies--such as bureaucratic inertia and resource limitations--and explores innovative approaches that enhance eco-conscious public services. Special emphasis is placed on digital governance as a transformative tool, enabling transparency, data-driven decision-making, and citizen engagement in environmental policy implementation. The study concludes by advocating for administrative reforms and capacity-building strategies that position public institutions as key agents in shaping a resilient and sustainable future.

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Sustainable Public Administration, Green Governance, Environmental Policy Integration, E-Governance, Climate-Responsive Governance

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There are many enzymes produced by microorganisms having potential applications in industrial sectors. Out of which keratinase is one of the major enzymes having applications in tanning industry. The exact role of keratinase in cleaving keratin substrate has not been well studied. In present study, an attempt is made to understand the amino acid residues of keratinase interacting with keratin. The predicted model of keratinase was validated by Ramchandran plot and Verify-3D to check the quality of model. The docked complex of keratinase with keratin revealed the stable hydrogen bonding interactions. After molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies it has observed that the amino acid residues such as PRO74, VAL158 and THR262 of keratinase from Streptomyces badius showed stable hydrogen bonding interactions with GLU390, GLN393 GLU394, ASN395, TYR398 of keratin substrate. Hence, MD analysis supports that keratinase from Streptomyces badius.strain shashi can efficiently cleave keratin. Thus, the present study would be useful to understand the enzymatic mechanism of keratinase to cleave keratin in detail at molecular level.

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Streptomyces badius. strain shashi ,keratinase, Homology modelling, Ramchandran plot, Molecular Dynamic Simulation.

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The role of financial technology (fintech) in enhancing financial inclusion has garnered significant attention in recent years, especially in emerging markets. Fintech innovations, such as mobile banking, digital wallets, peer-to-peer (P2P) lending, and microfinance platforms, have the potential to bridge the gap between the unbanked and underbanked populations and the formal financial system. This paper explores how fintech is transforming access to financial services, reducing barriers to entry, and improving the overall economic well-being of underserved communities. By leveraging mobile technology and data analytics, fintech is enabling financial services that are more affordable, accessible, and tailored to the needs of marginalized groups. However, challenges such as digital literacy, regulatory frameworks, and cybersecurity risks must be addressed to fully realize the benefits of financial inclusion. This research presents an overview of the fintech landscape, case studies of successful fintech initiatives, and discusses the potential for future growth in the field of financial inclusion.

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Financial Technology (Fintech), Financial Inclusion, Mobile Banking, Digital Wallets, Economic Development and Regulatory Challenges

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The rising climate-induced threats in coastal zones, such as sea-level rise, storm surges, and extreme weather events, create major challenges for marine engineering projects by affecting their feasibility and construction durations. The traditional scheduling methods show limited effectiveness when managing these regions' elevated uncertainty and environmental variability. The research focuses on adaptive scheduling models that address high-risk marine engineering projects operating within climate-vulnerable coastal areas. The analysis reviews various scheduling methods, including dynamic probabilistic systems and scenario-based and buffer-driven approaches, by examining global infrastructure projects affected by climate change. The review demonstrates traditional scheduling tools have weaknesses and emphasizes the necessity of scheduling models that merge time-sensitive climate information with risk assessment capabilities. The results indicate that mixed and adaptable scheduling systems create reliable systems that will become vital for coastal engineering project management in the future. The paper ends by providing implementation suggestions and outlining future research pathways.

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Adaptive Scheduling, Marine Engineering, Climate Change, Coastal Infrastructure, Risk Management, Project Planning, Dynamic Scheduling, Scenario Analysis

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The rapid advancements in machine learning, big data analytics, and cyber-physical systems have significantly influenced diverse fields, including healthcare, manufacturing, and artificial intelligence. In healthcare, machine learning models have demonstrated promising capabilities in identifying gene biomarkers for breast cancer prognosis and treatment decisions, leveraging genomic and transcriptomic data. Circulating microRNAs and gene expression signatures have emerged as crucial diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, facilitating personalized medicine approaches. In manufacturing, the integration of big data analytics and Industry 4.0 technologies has revolutionized defect detection, predictive maintenance, and flexible manufacturing systems. Cyber-physical systems and artificial intelligence have enabled intelligent decision-making, optimizing production processes and resource management. Virtualization and the Internet of Things (IoT) further enhance the interconnectedness of manufacturing ecosystems, promoting sustainability and efficiency. The evolution of artificial intelligence, particularly deep learning and support vector machines, has propelled advancements in data-driven decision-making. Techniques such as random forests, synthetic minority over-sampling (SMOTE), and Bayesian classification have enhanced predictive analytics across multiple domains. The application of big data in healthcare and manufacturing underscores the transformative potential of data-driven methodologies, ensuring improved outcomes, cost efficiency, and innovation. This study synthesizes research on machine learning, big data analytics, and cyber-physical systems, highlighting their implications in healthcare, manufacturing, and artificial intelligence. The findings provide insights into emerging trends, challenges, and future opportunities in these domains, emphasizing the role of advanced technologies in shaping modern industries.

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Machine Learning, Big Data Analytics, Cyber-Physical Systems, Artificial Intelligence, Predictive Analytics, Industry 4.0, Smart Manufacturing, Healthcare AI, Personalized Medicine, Genomic Data Analysis, Medical Imaging, Deep Learning, Support Vector Machines, Random Forest Algorithm, SMOTE, Bayesian Classifier, Ensemble Learning, IoT in Manufacturing, Cloud Computing, Digital Twin Technology, Predictive Maintenance, Quality Control Automation, Risk Assessment, Cybersecurity, Ethical AI, Data P

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Cleanness in the food label has attracted consumer interest and has quickly transformed into the Clean Label Movement that impacts the production of food items. The major consumer trends explored include emerging demand for natural and minimally processed foods as consumers look for more transparency for simplicity and sustainability. It also outlines the development of the Clean Label Movement and how it has set the tone for consumers' demands and reshaped the menu in the food and drinks sector. Regarding the topics, it analyzes the problems brands encounter when searching for ways to reformulate products according to clean-label demands and how brands can capitalize on if they support the values consumers believe in, such as health, sustainability, and authenticity. This paper explores features of the Clean Label Movement's future, including technology, personalization, and sustainability. Because of increasing consumer knowledge, clean-label principles are expected to move beyond the food industry, offering fresh chances in other spots. Therefore, the article is useful in understanding the Shifts in the Clean Label Movement and how they will impact future decisions on products and consumers.

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Clean Label Movement, consumer expectations, product development, transparency, sustainability, natural ingredients, food industry, ethical sourcing, innovation, personalized nutrition, functional foods.

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The current Convergent parallel mixed method study is a result of a pilot study conducted on 5 subjects by using in-depth interviews for qualitative data to explore lived experiences and 25 subjects for quantitative data to assess the health consequences of female sex workers registered with selected NGOs. A purposive sampling technique was used to allocate the samples and data were collected with the help of a quantitative Interview Schedule. The findings of the study revealed that according to General Health Assessment, most of the women are anaemic and also have systemic health-related issues like hypertension, diabetes, skin infections, and urinary tract infections, and for Mental Health Assessment - DASS-42 depict that 95.3% of respondents (261 individuals) are in the severe stress category (scores 85-126), 4.7% (13 individuals) are moderate (43-84), and no one is in the mild category (0-42). For Qualitative data collection, a Semi-structured Interview guide (Audio-tape recorder) was used to determine factors that forced or influenced them to enter into sex work. After the guided interview, the researcher found the facts that low income, Influence of peers or social networks, Human trafficking or exploitation, Desire for financial independence, History of trauma, abuse, or exploitation, Mental health issues (e.g., depression, anxiety), Substance abuse or addiction, Family or relationship problems.

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lived experiences, health consequences, female sex workers, NGOs

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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B2B customer support is on the horns of choosing how to deliver right and speedy answers to complicated questions. In this knowledge creation paper, the author presents a new Generative AI framework that enables the creation and constant update of knowledge bases using information from product documentation, CRM data, and customer feedback. The model saves considerable amounts of response time and support accuracy since the creation and the maintenance of the knowledge resources are automated. This in turns delivers real-time contextual insights to support the teams. Reduced ticket resolution time by 30% and uplifted customer satisfaction score by 20% in a pilot phase with a SaaS firm. Due to these results, it can be stated that the implementation of AI solutions in B2B customer support can significantly contribute to the development of mechanisms for further expansion, thereby meeting the requirements of evolving B2B business environments. The study stresses the importance of the adoption of Generative AI as an enhancement tool for the customer support subsystem.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Generative AI, Customer Support, Knowledge Base, CRM Integration, AI Framework, Customer Satisfaction

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition