Volume 13 | Issue 7

 Abstract

The development of society comes from the cultivation of people's critical thinking, education, professionalism, and progression, which makes it an essential aspect of society's advancement. Pertinent people in the society's development, whom we consider as crucial elements in the education system, are teachers. It's more essential to understand the dynamics of teaching in society, especially effectiveness of teachers together with their occupational happiness and stress, as they profoundly impact the value of education also development of the society. Tutors have an even more important role in secondary education, where students go through crucial phases of intellectual and personal growth. Active teaching goes beyond imparting knowledge; it instils values, attitudes and skills that students require for wholesome development. There are several factors that affect occupational stress and satisfaction, and to a great extent, these impact how effective a teacher's work is. The school's overall pedagogical performance largely depends on the level of professional satisfaction among instructors. Performance of students and the overall quality of education are positively affected by instructor satisfaction as motivation, participation willingness, and work inspiration usually lead to better results. Moreover, work-related stress can make teachers ineffective from burnout, low job satisfaction and low quality of teaching. This article seeks inspect interplay among secondary school teacher professional worry and teacher efficiency, looking for clues and patterns that may sharpen practice and policy. The need to address these concerns is quite clear. Education stakeholders can design and implement specific interventions aimed at improving working and teacher-stress outcomes to improve teaching satisfaction, well-being, and eventually, educational results. In this article, we seek to contribute to the on-going discourse on effectiveness of teaching and its impact education and social progress.

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Occupational Stress, Teacher Effectiveness, Secondary School, Stakeholders, Satisfaction.

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Muslim women's property rights in India represent a critical intersection of gender, law, and religion. Despite progressive injunctions in Islamic law granting women rights in inheritance, marriage, and maintenance, the reality reflects deep-rooted inequalities. This paper examines the socio-legal framework governing Muslim women's property rights, the challenges they face in practice, and the urgent need for reform. It argues for a more inclusive, gender-sensitive approach that bridges the gap between religious law and constitutional guarantees.

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Muslim women, property rights, inheritance, Islamic law, gender equality, socio-legal reform, India

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Vijay Tendulkar's play Silence! The court is in Session presents a scathing critique of the patriarchy entrenched in Indian Society. This paper employs a Gynocritical lens to examine the plays portrayal of gender dynamics, focusing on the character of Leela Benare, a school teacher who becomes the subject of mock trail accusing for becoming pregnant before getting married in her thirties. The mock trial was the real event in Benare's life, which no one knows other than her. Through an analysis of Tendulkar's use of symbolism and characterization, the study reveals how Benare's experience reflects the broader societal oppression faced by women. By highlighting the complexities of power, agencies and identity, this research illuminates the enduring relevance of "the court is in session" as a commentary on gender politics in contemporary India.

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Keywords: Gynocriticism, Women Identity, Psycho-analysis, Power hegemony, Gender politics, Female relationship, Mock trial.

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The increasing demand for sustainable construction materials has led to the exploration of industrial waste as potential alternatives in concrete production. This study investigates the feasibility of using red mud, a by-product of the aluminium industry, as a partial replacement for cement in concrete, along with hydrated lime to enhance workability and strength characteristics. Various concrete mixes were prepared by replacing cement with red mud at proportions of 5%, 10%, 15% by weight, with a constant percentage of hydrated lime. Comprehensive tests were conducted to evaluate the workability, compressive strength, split tensile strength, and durability of the mixes at different curing periods. The results indicate that the incorporation of red mud up to an optimal percentage, in combination with hydrated lime, can significantly enhance the mechanical properties of concrete while promoting the reuse of industrial waste. This experimental study demonstrates the potential of red mud as a sustainable material in cementitious applications, contributing to environmental conservation and resource efficiency in the construction sector. The rapid growth of the constructi"n industry has significantly increased the demand for cement, contributing to environmental challenges such as high energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and depletion of natural resources. In response, this study explores the use of red mud--a highly alkaline industrial waste generated during the Bayer process of alumina extraction--as a partial replacement for cement in concrete. In addition, hydrated lime is incorporated to improve the pozzolanic reactivity and binding properties of the mix. This experimental investigation involves the preparation of concrete specimens in which Pozzolanic Portland cement (PPC) is partially replaced with red mud in varying proportions: 0% (control mix), 5%, 10%, 15% by weight. A constant percentage of hydrated lime (typically 5%) is added to all mixes containing red mud. The mechanical and durability properties of the concrete are evaluated through standardized tests, including slump test for workability, compressive strength test, split tensile strength test, and water absorption test at 7 and 28 days of curing. The results reveal that red mud ca" be effectively utilized as a supplementary cementitious material up to an optimum replacement level--typically around 10-15%--without compromising, and in some cases even enhancing, the strength and durability of concrete. The addition of hydrated lime contributes to improved binding and densification of the matrix, helping mitigate the reduction in early strength that can occur with red mud alone. Beyond the optimal percentage, however, further replacement leads to reduced mechanical performance due to increased porosity and lower cement content. Overall, this research demonstrates that red mud, when used in combination with hydrated lime, offers a viable and eco-friendly alternative to partial cement replacement. This approach not only reduces the environmental burden associated with red mud disposal but also contributes to sustainable construction practices by lowering the carbon footprint of concrete production.

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 Keywords

Red mud, Fly Ash, lime, Hydrated lime, Cement

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According to a global poll, at least 10% of girls and 20% of boys are thought to have been sexually abused as children.To assess the knowledge regarding good touch and bad touch among school going children.A purposive sampling strategy was used to choose 50 school-age children from a quantitative descriptive study design. A standardized knowledge questionnaire about good and bad touch, as well as demographic factors, were used to gather the data. Inferential and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data.In terms of good and bad touch, the current study shows that 72% of students had average knowledge, 20% had high knowledge, and 8% had poor knowledge. According to the study, children's understanding of good and bad touch was significantly impacted by demographic factors such as age, class, religion, family type, mother's and father's educational attainment, whereas gender had no effect.

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Good touch, bad touch, school going children

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Keywords: COVID-19, Orphans, Educational Disparity, Digital divide.

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Abstract Background: Aging comes with a unique set of challenges. Among the most significant are the loss of independence, declining physical and intellectual abilities, and age-related discrimination. Changes in physical health, mental perception, and reduced social interaction often contribute to isolation, impairment, and hopelessness among the elderly. Aim: This study aims to assess the lived situation of the elderly through case investigations, focusing on the challenges they face in daily life and the coping strategies they adopt to manage physical, emotional, social, and economic difficulties. Methods & Materials: The present study is descriptive in nature, employing both qualitative approaches to explore the lived experiences, challenges, and coping mechanisms of the elderly. The case interview was administered to assess the lived experiences of the elderly in Mizoram. Findings: Aging in Mizoram, especially among low-income and semi-urban elders, is characterized by a complex mix of physical hardship, emotional vulnerability, economic dependence, and spiritual resilience. Conclusion: There is a need to promote research and education on geriatric care at a higher educational level to build a future workforce for elderly care.

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Elderly, Challenges, Case Narratives, Mizo Elders, Coping

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The Sadiya Serpent Pillar, an octagonal stone monument inscribed with one of the earliest known Ahom scripts dated to 1532 CE, stands as a significant artefact of the Ahom-Mishmi relationship in the historical region of Sadiya, Assam, India. Erected during the reign of Ahom king Suhungmung Dihingia Raja (1497-1539), the pillar records a treaty between the Ahoms and the Mishmi tribe, outlining territorial and tributary obligations. This paper examines the historical context of the pillar's erection, the content and significance of its inscription, and the broader socio-political dynamics of the Mishmi-Ahom relationship. Drawing on primary sources, including epigraphic records and secondary historical accounts, the study highlights the pillar's role as evidence of diplomatic engagement and mutual coexistence between the Ahoms and the hill tribes of Northeast India.

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Sadiya Serpent Pillar, Ahom script, Mishmi tribe, Suhungmung.

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Introduction: A patient's demand for comfort and assurance is paramount. A primary nursing duty is to ensure comfort; health care interventions may be performed based on traditions and routines that practitioners no longer critically examine. A broad lens through which to evaluate pain and pain treatment options is the context of comfort. Patients in hospitals frequently experience procedural pain, which they all naturally attempt to avoid. Any intramuscular injection will undoubtedly hurt where it is injected. Individual experiences of pain after intramuscular injection can be influenced by a number of factors, including anxiety, culture, age, gender, and expectations of pain treatment. Aim and Objectives: The purpose of this research is to assess the Helfer Skin Tap Technique's effectiveness in treating intramuscular pain in patients receiving injections at the Bensam Hospital Nagercoil.The objectives of this study was to gauge the degree of discomfort before to using the Helfer skin tap procedure, Use the tap technique to gauge the impact of the Helfer skin on the degree of discomfort experienced during intramuscular injection delivery, to assess the difference in discomfort between the application of the Helfer skin tap method and after intervention and using the Helfer skin tap technique, to determine the relationship between a subset of demographic characteristics and the degree of discomfort. Methods: After receiving approval from the college, the researcher proceeded with data collection, selecting samples using the purposive sampling technique. The researcher received formal permission to conduct the study from the principal of the Nursing College. The researcher-built relationships with the attendees, staff, and patients and gave assurances regarding the confidentiality of the data gathered. They were administered the intervention named the helfer skin tap procedure and asked to record their answers. In order to analyse the data, descriptive statistics were used. The chi-square test was employed to establish a correlation between the patient's chosen demographic factors and the efficacy of the Helfer skin tap technique for intramuscular injection. Results: The study's outcome and analysis were predicated on the statistical analysis of the "t" test results, which were used to determine whether there was a significant difference in the amount of discomfort experienced during an intramuscular injection before and after using the Helfer skin tap technique. Chi square was utilized to determine whether certain demographic factors were associated with the degree of discomfort experienced after the delivery of an intramuscular injection using The Helfer Skin Tap Technique. The mean difference and "t" test were used to compare the data collection results before and after applying the Helfer skin tap technique. The results indicate that the mean score was 5.33 before and 0.93 after applying the Helfer skin tap technique, with a mean difference of 4. Thus, the outcomes demonstrate the efficacy of the Helfer skin tap procedure. According to the data, 53.33% of adult patients reported no pain, 40% reported mild pain, 6.67% reported moderate pain, and 0% reported severe or worse pain. Conclusion: This study found that the Helfer skin tap method was a highly useful way to lessen injection-related discomfort. According to this research, 53.34% of patients had no pain at all, 40% had mild pain, only 6.67% had moderate pain, and 0% had severe or worse pain. This is a better outcome than what was obtained with the Helfer skin tap approach previously. Prior to the Helfer skin tap, the mean was 5.33; after the skin tap, the mean was 0.93.

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Pain, The Helfer Skin Tap Technique, Intramuscular Injection

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Purpose: The Sundarbans, being a phenomenal UNESCO World Heritage Site, is not only an exceptional ecological wonder but also a fundamental and central point of interest for tourism in the picturesque nation of Bangladesh. This study dives deep into how the prospects (economic growth, social enrichment, and natural resource benefits) and challenges (infrastructure gaps, security concerns, and management hurdles) shape the performance of tour operators while uncovering the surprising role of environmental munificence (the forest's abundant yet unpredictable resources) in tipping the scales. Methodology: Through a comprehensive survey of 70 tour operators in Khulna, this research uncovers critical insights. While the Sundarbans offers promising economic, social, and natural resource advantages, these prospects only moderately enhance business performance. In contrast, challenges such as weak infrastructure, security risks, and management gaps exert a stronger influence, often hindering growth. Surprisingly, the Sundarbans' abundant environmental munificence, though a key attraction, does little to amplify the positive effects of tourism opportunities. Worse, when combined with existing challenges, they further strain firm performance. Findings: Findings reveal that while tourism opportunities, including economic benefits, social impacts, and natural resource potential, positively influence firm performance, their effect is relatively modest. Conversely, challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, security concerns, and management issues demonstrate a more substantial impact on business outcomes. Notably, the study highlights how the Sundarbans' distinctive environmental munificence plays a complex moderating role: they slightly enhance the positive effects of tourism opportunities but significantly exacerbate the negative consequences of existing challenges. Practical Implications: These insights offer practical value for tourism operators and policymakers working to balance economic development with environmental conservation in this ecologically sensitive region. The study contributes to academic literature by introducing empirical evidence about tourism dynamics in mangrove ecosystems and demonstrating how environmental factors can simultaneously enable and constrain business performance.

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Sundarbans, Tourism, Prospects, Challenges, Performance, Munificence.

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The increasing awareness of health and hygiene among consumers has led to a significant rise in the demand for water purifiers in India. This study aims to evaluate customer satisfaction with water purifiers, with a particular focus on Eureka Forbes, one of the leading brands in the Indian market. The research explores key factors influencing customer satisfaction, including product quality, service efficiency, pricing, brand reputation, and post-sales support. A combination of primary and secondary data was utilized to assess customer perceptions and experiences. Survey responses were analysed to understand satisfaction levels and identify areas for improvement. The findings suggest that while Eureka Forbes enjoys strong brand recognition and a loyal customer base, there are areas--particularly in after-sales service and maintenance costs--where customer expectations are not consistently met. This study provides valuable insights for both consumers and company stakeholders, offering recommendations to enhance service quality and overall customer satisfaction in a competitive market.

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customer satisfaction, water purifiers, service efficiency, pricing, brand reputation.

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Nanotechnology is a 'multidisciplinary' as well as an 'interdisciplinary' area of inquiry and application. The broad spectrum of applications that nanotechnology is and will be catering to speaks of its omnipresence. Be it in agriculture, energy, electronics, medicine, healthcare, textiles, transport, construction, cosmetics, water treatment etc., nanotechnology finds a role to play or rather a 'defining role' to play, as suggested by many scholars worldwide. All around the world, nanotechnology is being promoted as a technological revolution that will help solve an array of problems. According to the current hype, nanotechnology promises to provide new ways of solving some of the Asia-Pacific Region's chronic challenges, such as treating tuberculosis and malaria, making water drinkable, conserving food, and diversifying energy sources, among other hosts of applications. However, the potential risks and social implications of this new technology are not often highlighted in this paper. The overall level of awareness and capacity to address these issues remains very low, in both civil society and government, and prevents these actors from playing their social role in ensuring the public good. The present review based article enlighten impact of nanotechnology on human health and environment in south Asian countries

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Application, Challenges, Civil Society, Energy, Public, Technology and Tuberculosis

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Digital disruptions, Backward Design, Indian Apparel industry, Curricula, digital skill gaps

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This research paper examines the impact of music piracy on the Indian music industry. It investigates the economic, legal, and cultural implications of piracy and explores strategies adopted by stakeholders to combat it. By analyzing secondary data, existing literature, and industry reports, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of how piracy affects revenue streams, artist livelihoods, and the growth of digital platforms in India.

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Music piracy, Indian music industry, Digital piracy, Copyright law in India, Illegal downloads, Streaming platforms, Intellectual property rights, Artist revenue, Music consumption behavior, Anti-piracy strategies

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Sayalan al-Rahim (Leucorrhoea) is one of the common problem among the females visiting the Outpatient department of the hospital. It occurs in about 1-14% of all women of reproductive age group and is responsible for 5-10 million OPD visits per year. Due to white discharge, females are prone to other symptoms such as backache, itching in vulva, general weakness. The objectives of this clinical study was to assess the efficacy and safety of Unani Pharmacopoeial formulation Majoon Muqawwi -i- Rahim in patients of Sayalan al-Rahim (Leucorrhoea). A total of 100 cases in the age group of 13-45 years completed the study. Out of 100 patients 36 patients got relieved, 61 patients got partially relieved and 3 patients got no relief. The trial drug showed significant improvements in clinical parameters and showed statistically not significant effect on safety parameters. Thus it can be concluded that Majoon Muqawwi-i- Rahim is effective and safe in the management of Sayalan al-Rahim (Leucorrhoea).

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: Sayalan al-Rahim, Leucorrhoea, Majoon Muqawwi-i- Rahim, Unani

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In the era of data-driven decision-making, developing student's competencies in data interpretation, statistical literacy, and data science has become a critical priority across educational levels and disciplines. This review synthesizes findings from 20 empirical and conceptual studies that explore various contexts, including academic and professional learning environments. The studies explore pedagogical approaches, competency frameworks, and challenges in fostering statistical thinking and data interpretation. Methods range from qualitative case studies and surveys to systematic reviews and experimental designs, highlighting diverse strategies to enhance data literacy. Key findings indicate that data literacy is critical for preparing students for data-driven decision-making, yet gaps persist in integrating these skills into curricula and addressing learner challenges. This review identifies trends in instructional strategies, the role of technology (e.g., Excel, metadata tools), and the need for interdisciplinary approaches to data education. Implications for educators, curriculum designers, and policymakers are discussed to advance data literacy in an increasingly digital world.

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Data interpretation, Statistical thinking, Data literacy

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Gandhiji was one among the most inspiring leaders which was accepted widely not only by the people of pre-independent India but also by the people of other countries. Indeed, the gandhiji has earned huge popularity after the country become independent. The philosophy of the great gandhiji was relevant during his lifetime, after their death and even until today, its importance has not ignored. On political awakening in the country, the social work, society and social engagement started becoming the part of educated and common masses. With this social-economic awakening, the people started connecting with the social work and related activities. Gandhiji being most influential leaders earned great reputation worldwide in order to lift the life of the common people of the country. Thus, it may be appropriate to agree that many of the political icons keep themselves involving into social work and related societal activities which ultimately could bring revolutions and simultaneously it would encompass the political, socio-economic and spiritual areas.

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Gandhian Philosophy

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Melasma is a chronic skin condition marked by hyperpigmented patches, commonly triggered by hormonal fluctuations, sun exposure, and genetic predisposition1. While conventional treatments - such as hydroquinone and retinoid are effective, their prolonged use is often limited by side effects including irritation, rebound hyperpigmentation, and skin thinning2 . In recent years, herbal creams formulated with novel plant-based extracts have emerged as a promising alternative for the topical management of melasma3. These formulations leverage the natural tyrosinase-inhibitory, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties of bioactive compounds found in herbs like Bakuchiol (Psoralea corylifolia)4 ,Glabridin from Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra)5, Alpha-arbutin from Bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi)6, Mulberry extract7 and Kojic acid-producing fungi-derived botanicals8. Incorporated into emulsion-based creams, these activities not only reduce melanin synthesis but also enhance skin tone uniformity with minimal irritation9.

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Melasma, Herbal extract, Mechanism of action, Active constituent, Extraction method

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This article presents a multidisciplinary exploration of physics, tracing its progression from classical foundations to contemporary radiation science with a focus on medical applications. It aims to enhance understanding of fundamental physical principles and their translation into critical diagnostic and therapeutic technologies. Emphasizing the pivotal role of ionizing radiation in modern healthcare, the article advocates for its judicious use under rigorous safety protocols. It also reviews regulatory frameworks, historical milestones, occupational safety practices, and educational standards vital for radiologists, radiographers, nurses, and allied health professionals. By integrating historical context, conceptual analysis, and clinical relevance, this work contributes to the advancement of safe, effective, and evidence-based radiation practices in medicine.

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Classical Physics, Diagnostic Radiology, Health Physics, Ionizing Radiation, Medical Imaging, Modern Physics, Radiation Physics, Radiation Safety, Radiological Education, Regulatory Framework

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In both the developed and developing worlds, violence against women continues to be a serious issue. According to 2013 WHO estimates approximately 35% of all women have experienced physical or sexual abuse, with prevalence rates ranging from 27% in Europe to over 40% in Africa and South-East Asia. This particular form of violence has severe economic repercussions, especially in nations where inequality, poverty, and low labor force participation rates are problems. Finding effective strategies to lessen violence against women has proven challenging. Improvements in women's social and economic position generally seem to lessen the frequency with which they are abused by intimate partners. This paper will attempt to analyze alcohol prohibition as a potential policy or force which can help in reducing women centric violence. Although alcohol manufacturing, selling and consumption are among the world's biggest industries. But with alcohol consumption comes many issues that may hamper someone's social life and may also bring physical and economic losses. When we talk about crime against women, alcohol consumption becomes a major reason for this. This paper will compare and contrast the ban imposed on alcohol in the United States in the early 20th century and the ban imposed by the state government in Bihar, India in the second case. The paper will also highlight how crime against women has been reduced after the ban has been imposed by the state government of Bihar. The paper will also bring to focus, the need for women's safety and the benefits of implementing the ban on alcohol in Bihar.

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Alcohol prohibition, women's safety, domestic violence

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