Volume 12 | Issue 7

 Abstract

This literature survey examines the current advancements and methodologies in digital image processing (DIP), focusing on its applications, challenges, and security measures. Digital image processing plays a vital role across various fields such as medical imaging, remote sensing, surveillance, and multimedia. The survey highlights key techniques like image enhancement, restoration, segmentation, and compression, emphasizing their contributions to improving image quality and facilitating analysis. Additionally, it explores the significance of security in digital image transmission, reviewing traditional methods including encryption, steganography, and watermarking. The survey also delves into innovative approaches like Chaotic Encryption with Dynamic Key Generation (CEDKG), which enhance image security through dynamic key generation and integration with steganography and watermarking. This comprehensive review provides insights into the evolution of DIP technologies and underscores the importance of robust security measures to protect digital images in an increasingly connected world.

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Digital Image Processing, segmentation, compression, restoration, machine learning, artificial intelligence, encryption, watermarking, security

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The impact of e-commerce growth on small enterprises has been astounding. On the one hand, it has enabled them to connect with more people outside of their immediate community, which made it possible for them to grow their clientele and boost revenue. Online platforms provide small firms with an affordable alternative to costly brick-and-mortar establishments for showcasing their goods and services. Online buying has, meanwhile, also posed difficulties for small companies. It may be challenging for businesses to stand out in the competitive online marketplace due to increased competition from regional and international retailers. Additionally, handling online orders, shipping, and inventory management can provide logistical and operational issues for small firms. Consumer expectations and behaviour have changed as a consequence of the rise in online sales, with consumers now expecting seamless and customized experiences across digital platforms. In order to fulfil these changing demands, small firms must embrace digital transformation, make investments in customer service and technology, and set themselves apart through distinctive value propositions and focused marketing campaigns.

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Online Shopping, offline, offline retailers, small business

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IT IS GENERALLY UNDERSTOOD THAT POOR ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA REQUIRES SOLUTIONS FROM VARIOUS THRUSTS SUCH AS REFORM OR POLICIES THAT ARE MORE MARKET-ORIENTED, POLICIES ON THE APPLICATIONS OF APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY, POPULATION AND EMPLOYMENT POLICIES, AS WELL AS MACROECONOMIC POLICIES. NUMEROUS ECONOMIC STRATEGIC PLANS AND REFORMS HAVE BEEN INITIATED IN NIGERIA FOR DIVERSIFYING THE SOURCE OF REVENUE OF THE ECONOMY; MOST OF WHICH HAVE LASTED WITHOUT ANYTHING MUCH TO SHOW WITH REGARD TO THE COUNTRY'S ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT. THUS, THIS STUDY EXAMINES THE LINKAGES BETWEEN THE APPLICATION OF ECONOMIC LIBERALISM (AN INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL ECONOMY THEORY) AND ECONOMIC GROWTH AND SUBSEQUENT ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA. USING DATA FROM THE EXISTING DOCUMENTS ON THE TOPIC IN QUESTION, THE STUDY FINDS THAT ONE OF THE VERY SIMPLEST AND VIABLE MEANS OF IMPROVING NIGERIAN ECONOMIC GROWTH IS EMBRACING THE POLICY OF ECONOMIC LIBERALISM THAT NECESSITATES TRADE LIBERALISM FOR FREE EXCHANGE OF GOODS, SERVICES AND IDEAS ACROSS THE GLOBE. THUS, THE STUDY RECOMMENDS ALONGSIDE OTHER RECOMMENDATIONS THAT THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT SHOULD REVISIT ITS POLICY OF BORDER CLOSURE THROUGH WHICH VARIOUS COMMODITIES THAT ARE NECESSARY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE COUNTRY ARE BARRED FROM COMING INTO THE COUNTRY.

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POLITICAL ECONOMY, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC LIBERALISM, AND TRADE LIBERALISM

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In the present study, a thin layer of MFI-type silicalite zeolite membrane is synthesized on porous silicon carbide supports (discs and tubes) by direct in situ crystallization and secondary growth technique via hydrothermal treatment for CO2/N2 separation. The influences of synthesis conditions are studied. The membranes are characterized for the formation of zeolite by X-Ray Diffractmeter (XRD) and crystal morphology by SEM. The permeation of single gases viz: H2, N2.CO2.Ar, SF6, and separation of mixed gases viz: H2/N2 and CO2/N2 are evaluated using gas chromatography. After optimizing conditions for disks samples, preparation of membrane on tubular silicon carbide supports will be taken up in an industrial reactor. The membrane module will be fabricated and tested for its performance.The secondary growth technique method resulted in uniform and thin layer of zeolite membrane on both disk and tubular supports. Single gas permeability results shows the permeability through the developed membrane is in the order of H2>CO2>N2>Ar. The highest separation factor for CO2/N2 mixed gas is obtained for MFI membrane formed on disk sample by secondary growth method.

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Component, formatting, style, styling, insert

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PAAK VISHTHAPIT SRNARTHIYO KI SAMAJIK AV AARTHIK STHITI JODHPUR JILLE KE VISHESH SANDARBH ME

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PAAK VISHTHAPIT SRNARTHIYO KI SAMAJIK AV AARTHIK STHITI JODHPUR JILLE KE VISHESH SANDARBH ME

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Mohalla clinic of Delhi, India is considered as a primary health care initiative with socialistic approach. As a fact, the outlay of most regimes in health sector is concentrated on secondary and tertiary health care facilities, while primary care facilities remain more or less ignored. The core objective behind Mohalla clinic is to address the case load on secondary facilities by providing basic healthcare services to poor population in an urban surrounding. Like any other public initiative, Mohalla clinic too has some challenges to deal with and has staggered growth. Still this initiative can be considered as one of its kind because of the value it adds to the life of an urban poor even though it faces challenges that range from discrimination to understaffed clinics and even to unclean surroundings. This article will focus on various aspects related to Mohalla Clinic functioning, growth and challenges associated.

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Mohalla clinic, primary health care, urban poor, Delhi, health facilities, footfall, infrastructure.

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In today's rapidly evolving marketplace, marketing serves as the essential bridge between businesses and their audience, connecting supply with demand. With the rise of the internet, commerce has undergone a profound transformation. No longer confined to physical locations, markets have expanded into dynamic online communities, where businesses compete for visibility amidst a sea of digital noise. This shift requires businesses to stay savvy about technology and online trends to effectively engage with consumers in this ever-changing digital landscape. Consider this: successful businesses must intimately understand their customers' wants, needs, and preferences. This involves delving deep into the wealth of data available online to gain valuable insights into consumer behaviour. However, it's not just about crunching numbers; it's about translating these insights into actionable marketing strategies that resonate with real people. This is where the true magic happens. By embracing cutting-edge technology and remaining agile in their approach, companies can craft marketing campaigns that feel genuine and relatable. In a world where change is constant, staying attuned to the evolving desires and expectations of consumers is essential for success in today's fast-paced business environment. It's this ability to authentically connect with consumers that serves as the key to thriving amidst the turbulence of the modern marketplace.

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Data mining, Marketing, Marketplace, Internet, Commerce, Consumer, Evolving, Technology & Consumer behaviour.

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Biostatistical analysis has emerged as one of the most crucial applications for the clinical trial systems. The relevance of statistical analysis in the clinical trials cannot be overstated in advancement of the novel pharmaceuticals and therapeutics. Data volumes, including effectiveness and safety summaries, are produced throughout the process of the developing and approving novel medicines. Data standards developed by Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium (CDISC) are well-established, widely accepted, and widely utilized by pharmaceutical sector for submissions to the regulatory bodies. Biostatistical programs like PRM, ODM, CDASH, SDTM, ADaM, SAS, and ARDM have come to long way in the recent years, this article highlights those developments. The present study has made an effort to the report on typical difficulties encountered when using biostatistical methods, with every new discovery, there is always a potential pitfall. Even the main endpoint of experiment might be improperly analysed without adequate validation of the model assumptions. Biostatisticians must collaborate closely with the physicians to choose the most suitable statistical methods for data assessment; otherwise, results may be ambiguous or misleading. To guarantee that a clinical trial satisfies the requirements of the regulatory agencies in the drug approvals, future research should concentrate on the strategies that can enhance compliance and validation processes. Clinical trials play a pivotal role in the advancing medical research and improving patient outcomes. Biostatistics methodologies are essential for the designing robust clinical trials and analysing the resulting data effectively. This review explores recent advancements in the biostatistics methodologies, focusing on the innovative approaches that enhance the efficiency, reliability, and the ethical considerations of the clinical trials.

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Clinical trials, Biostatistics, SDTM, ADaM, TLFs, CDASH, SAS, USFDA, Drugs.

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Aloe vera Lemon and Carica papaya are medicinal plant they are used as traditionally from ancient year in various herbal medicines such Ayurveda, siddha, and Homeopathic. Cosmetics and some medicinal products are made up from the mucilaginous tissue in the centre of aloe vera leaf and called Aloe vera gel. Aloe vera gel contains no Antraquinone. Which are Responsible for the strong laxative affects of aloes The main challenge lies in the selection of natural material which can be rationally justified and comparable to that of synthetic material. In present study our aim is to develop an Herbal face cream which would be natural. The Herbal face cream was prepared by Trituration method and further Evaluated for various evaluation parameters such as Physical properties, Determination of pH, Spreadability, Viscosity, Washability, after feel test, Greasiness, Phase separation, Irritancy test, Stability test. The Herbal face creams show the good physical appearance with faint yellow Color, Smooth consistency, pleasant odor, and Semi-solid state.

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Aloe vera, Lemon, Carica papaya, face cream, Evaluation.

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An ASL (American Sign Language) recognition system that employs machine learning is an innovative technology designed contribute to bridging the communication gap that exists between the environment and the deaf difficult of hearing persons. This system utilizes advanced algorithms and neural networks to analyze the intricate in body postures, facial gestures, and hand movements that make up sign language. By processing video or sensor data of sign language users, the machine learning model can identify and interpret these gestures, subsequently converting them into written text. The potential impact of such a system is profound. It enables those who use sign language as their primary mode of communication to interact with computers, smartphones, and other devices more seamlessly. Additionally, it facilitates better communication with individuals who do not understand sign language, as the system can bridge the language barrier by providing real-time translations.This technology promotes inclusivity and accessibility, ultimately enriching the lives of individuals with hearing impairments and fostering a more connected and understanding society. As machine learning and artificial intelligence continue to advance, so too does the potential for ASL recognition systems to become even more accurate and widespread in their applications.

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Sign Language Recognition, Deep Learning, American sign language, Hand Gesture.

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There is no denial that India is becoming a hotspot for any organization planning to expand their footprint owing to the booming market up for grabs. But to gain a share of this pie is no easy feat, as managing a diverse workforce such as in India to achieve their business goals requires an able middle management. One which understands the changing work dynamics and adapts their strategy to transform into results. The onset of the post liberalization India certainly paved way for the business and management skills to get their due importance, they were predominantly focused on local periphery of sales and operations with organizational culture and other factors taking a backseat. But three decades later, today India's managerial diaspora is making a pivotal transition into a powerhouse and is now competing at global stage, displaying their calibre through leadership and senior management roles. One such major instance is the study conducted by PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) on how Indian-origin CEOs are making their mark on the global stage, with 10% of the CEOs in the Fortune Global 500 companies being of Indian descent. This empirical evidence showcases the significant impact this new cohort of management have in shaping the global business landscape. This number is only bound to grow as the new age Indian manager is at the forefront of this change, adapting strategies to navigate these dynamics effectively. This paper analyses the ramifications of these shifts in management practices, exploring the changes in management approaches, strategies adopted by managers, and the subsequent impacts on organizations and employees.

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Management Practices, Strategies Organizational Culture, Agile, Technologies, India

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The term third gender describes about individuals who identify as exclusively masculine or feminine termed as Non-binary. Non-binary means that we can't identify them as totally masculine or feminine, rather somewhere in between or totally different. Non-binary community in India is an important part of society. Even law cannot deny their existence and constitution also guarantees the third gender have their basic right like Right to dignity, Personal liberty, Educational freedom of expression etc. These individuals are generally denied by their family and society too. The study also covers that the third gender is excluded from the society and what the law and order is doing to convert that social exclusion into social inclusion. People of non-binary category face severe discrimination and harassment in all respect of contemporary India. They are subjected to unfair treatments like verbal abuse, physical and sexual violence, false arrests, denial of share in their ancestral property, services and admissions to educational institutions and victimization in family, institution, workplace etc. The golden threads that run through the equality scheme of the Indian Constitution (Act 14, 15, 16, 19 and 21) is enjoyment of life by all citizens and equal opportunity to grow as human being in irrespective of their race, caste, religion, community, social status and gender. Recently, in the wake of 'Nalsa judgment', the Indian parliament enacted The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019.

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NON-Binary, Sexual-violence, Social exclusion, Social inclusion, Harassment.

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Indian education faces a serious threat as a result of the low literacy rate among Scheduled Tribes. It is important for Tamilnadu, the state with the highest literacy rate, as well. The power of the issue is reflected in the March 2010 SSLC (Secondary School Leaving Certificate) exam results where the Nilgiris locale has scored the less pass level of 81.04. The growth in the Nilgiris's schools have a high rate of dropouts and failures, which is cited as a major cause of fall by teachers and defenders of the State. Nilgiris is the location of a pilot study, the most tribal region of Nilgiris District with a low level of education. The lack of English proficiency Language is cited as a significant barrier to Schedule Tribe students' education. The Students develop a negative attitude as a result of an inappropriate English curriculum and teaching method. toward education. One of the factors that prevents them from learning a foreign language is the fear of education because proficiency in English is required rather than optional at higher levels. It is clear that ancestral students are not propelled well. They struggle to adjust to school. educational plan and instructing of English language. Despite the fact that the government can provide grants and scholarships for the benefit of students, with the obligation of fostering their educational growth are ultimately the responsibility of educators. The pilot study that was carried out in order to figure out the instructive backwardness of ancestral students with unique reference to English language. It portrays the language learning issues of ancestral students and breaks down the causes of being behind. An enormous number of denied gatherings of populace in India stay unfit to take part in the course of Nation's turn of events and has impacted the nation's speed of financial development. It is extreme on account of Clans, who are socially and monetarily underestimated. The social hardship of gathering is reflected in their instructive backwardness. Despite the numerous initiatives taken by governments to address tribal educational disadvantage, the vast majority of ancestral populace in India stay outside the school system. However youngsters are getting fewer students complete their education than those who are enrolled. The rise in the number of quitters is a significant issue winning in schools of ancestral regions. An examination of higher education in the nation, led by Seasons of India (August 2012) uncovers that the Gross Enrolment Proportion (GER) among Scheduled Tribes is appalling at 4.4%. The outcome reports that Tribals are slacking behind in advanced education.

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Tribal, Students, English, Education, Issues, and Prospects

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Food, clothing and shelter (roti, kapda aur makan) are the three most basic needs for every human being that exists and these needs are from time immemorial. The right to shelter is a basic human right that helps houseless citizen gets a secure living structure along with access to basic amenities. Right to shelter does not just mean being provided with a structure, it also means the structure is in a safe and livable condition where one can have access to basic amenities and grow his life and family; in short, a life with dignity. This shelter issue is not just a debatable topic in India, but in many parts of the globe. The right to shelter is a fundamental right of any human, the most basic need of any man or woman in existance. The low-wage group or economically weaker section of people dream so too but making it a reality is a struggle for them. Slum dwellers come in this group and they are amongst the most vulnerable members of our society. Recognition of their basic fundamental right relating to shelter and livelihood is done by the judiciary but there always exists some disparity that keeps on violating their rights time and again. Until a strong help from the legislative body is not received they will continue struggling for their rights with their hopes intact.

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slum, slum dwellers, development, right to shelter.

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This term paper explores The Henna Artist by Alka Joshi is a captivating novel that takes readers on a journey through 1950s India, exploring themes of identity, tradition, and resilience. Set against the backdrop of a rapidly changing society, the novel follows the story of Lakshmi, a talented henna artist who navigates the complexities of her past while forging a new path for herself in the bustling city of Jaipur. Through Lakshmi's experiences, Joshi paints a vivid portrait of a nation in transition, grappling with the clash between tradition and modernity, caste and class, and the quest for personal freedom. Readers are transported to the colorful and dynamic world of 1950s India, where tradition, identity, and resilience intersect in profound ways. This concept paper seeks to delve deeper into the novel's exploration of cultural dynamics and personal transformation, highlighting the multifaceted layers of the narrative.

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Postcolonial, Independence, Culture, Rajasthan, Jaipur, Heena, Self-discovery

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Himachal Pradesh, situated in the lap of the Himalayas, boasts a rich diversity of horticultural crops due to its varied agro-climatic conditions. With a growing emphasis on sustainability, the state has been actively promoting and adopting sustainable horticulture practices to ensure environmental conservation and socio-economic development. This paper provides an overview of sustainable horticulture practices in Himachal Pradesh, focusing on key aspects such as organic farming, water management techniques, biodiversity conservation, and integrated pest management. It examines the challenges faced by farmers in adopting sustainable practices and highlights various initiatives undertaken by the government and non-governmental organizations to promote sustainability in horticulture. Additionally, the paper discusses the impact of sustainable horticulture practices on the livelihoods of farmers, biodiversity conservation, and the overall environmental sustainability of the region. This overview seeks to provide insights for future research and policy interventions in this important sector, as well as to improve awareness of the current condition of sustainable horticulture in Himachal Pradesh by a thorough analysis of existing literature and case study.

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sustainable horticulture, biodiversity, conservation, environmental sustainability

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ABSTRACT Charing is a famous region in Assam, located in the easternmost part of India. In ancient times, Assam included both mountains and plains. However, the political map of Assam changed a lot in the post-independence period. The present area of Charing is not as extensive as that described in history, but about 40 villages form the present larger Charing area. Charing has made indescribable contributions to the socio-economic, political, religious, educational, literary, cultural, scientific, commercial, etc. aspects of Assam and India. This research paper gives a comprehensive insight into an analytical account of the beginnings and progress of modern education in Charing.

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Keywords: Hunter Commission, Democratic Values, Human Capital, Self-Reliant., Self-Proclaimed, Pedagogy, Behavioral, Emotional Integration, Sanskritization, Outcomes

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This study has been undertaken to Plastic waste is silent threat to the environment and their disposal is a serious issue for waste managers. Now a day society does not have any alternative to plastic products like plastic bags, plastic bottles, and plastic sheets etc. In spite of all efforts made to limit its use but unfortunately its utility is increasing day by day. To circumvent this issue many efforts were made in the past to reuse the plastic waste but no significant results were achieved. On contrary concrete being the widely used construction material is facing problem due to unavailability of construction material (Cement, sand and coarse aggregate). Various attempts were made through experimentation to check the feasibility of plastic waste to be use partially in concrete with respect to various properties of strength, workability, durability and ductility of concrete. This paper includes review of various studies conducted on utility of waste plastic material used in the concrete. Moreover this paper will draw our focus toward the impingement on the various properties of concrete when partially replacing with waste plastic.

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Plastic waste, concrete, replace, testing, properties

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Gender equality and sustainable development depend on women's digital empowerment. To close the gender gap in technology access and empower women, the Indian government has launched several digital projects. The Government of India's digital literacy efforts are pivotal in enabling women to have a sustainable future, promoting socio-economic inclusion, and mitigating gender gaps in digital technology access. This article thoroughly examines the panorama of contemporary digital literacy programmes for women in India. It seeks to evaluate their efficacy, pinpoint obstacles, and investigate viable fixes to enhance the results of digital literacy. The article thoroughly assesses secondary data from government websites and reliable sources, including reports and publications. This article aims to illuminate these issues and offer insights into the complex nature of the digital gender gap in India. The study also examines possible approaches and remedies to overcome these obstacles and raise women's digital literacy. To encourage digital inclusion and empowerment, these solutions include community-based strategies, the integration of mobile technologies, customized training courses, and focused awareness campaigns. This paper aims to inform policymakers, practitioners, and stakeholders about digital projects that empower women and promote a sustainable future. It thoroughly analyses available data and identifies key obstacles and opportunities. To bridge the digital gender gap and promote inclusive development, the article highlights the significance of digital literacy as a driver for women's socioeconomic empowerment.

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Digital initiatives, women empowerment, Sustainable future, Digital literacy

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The present study has been undertaken to formulate and evaluate an herbal cream that contains a combination of Tridax procumbens and Curcuma longa extract. The selected medicinal plants Tridax procumbens and Curcuma longa are very promising species that produce secondary metabolites reported to have a variety of medicinal uses with specification to wound healing properties individually. Commercial antibiotics are ineffective due to multidrug resistance. The development of novel therapeutic bioactive potentials from ancient herbal medicines necessitates the betterment of human welfare becoming a need of an hour. In scenario of scientific findings, the development of Multi-drug resistance (MDR) of pathogens is overwhelmed by traditional herbal medicines due to their safety, cost-effectiveness and minimized. Ethanopharmacopia states that the two medicinal plants that were chosen, Tridax procumbens and Curcuma longa, are very promising species that contain secondary metabolites that are said to have a range of medicinal applications, with a focus on their unique roles in wound healing. The synergistic effect of these two plants has not been recorded to date. Hence, the present research envisioned the synergistic effect of best extracts from both the selected medicinal plants and their bioactive phytocompounds application against diabetic wound pathogens.

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Diabetic wound infection, Synergistic effect, Phytocompounds, Curcumin, Herbal cream.

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