Volume 13 | Issue 7

 Abstract

As the global job market undergoes rapid transformation due to technological advancements, economic shifts, and evolving social norms, the demand for reskilling and upskilling has become critical. The World Economic Forum's Future of Jobs Report 2023 predicts significant job changes, with new roles emerging and others becoming obsolete. This highlights the growing importance of employability skills--problem-solving, critical thinking, communication, and innovation--especially for graduates entering the workforce. This article reviews the increasing disconnect between the skills taught in educational institutions and the demands of modern industries, particularly in developing countries like India. The unemployment rate among graduates, coupled with the rising need for industry relevant skills, points to the necessity of reform in the education system. By fostering strong university-industry partnerships through internships, industry-driven curricula, apprenticeships, and mentorship programs, students can acquire practical, real-world experience, bridging the gap between theoretical knowledge and market-ready skills. The article explores how such collaborations can address employability challenges and create a future-ready workforce equipped with the essential skills for the 21st century.

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 Keywords

employability skills, problem-solving, critical thinking, communication, innovation, self-employment

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Rapid urbanization in Visakhapatnam has placed increasing pressure on its transportation infrastructure, leading to congestion, longer travel times, and rising emissions. This study aims to evaluate how geospatial techniques can support sustainable transportation planning in the city by addressing gaps in public transport accessibility and inefficient land-use integration. Using a four-stage transport demand modeling approach combined with GIS-based analysis, the study examined three future scenarios: Business-as-Usual (BAU), Public Transport-Focused (PT), and Land-Use Integrated with Public Transport (LU+PT). The networks, TAZs, land use maps, and public transport routes--were analyzed to simulate mode share, trip lengths, and emission levels across scenarios. The LU+PT scenario emerged as the most effective, achieving the highest public transport usage (60%), shortest average trip length (6.5 km), and lowest annual emissions (95,000 tCO?). In contrast, the BAU scenario showed limited transit adoption and the highest emissions (125,000 tCO?). GIS-based accessibility mapping also revealed underserved peripheral zones with high emission output and limited transport access. These findings demonstrate that integrating spatial planning with transport infrastructure decisions can significantly enhance mobility outcomes and environmental sustainability. The study supports the use of geospatial tools as essential components in designing equitable, low-carbon urban transport systems--especially for growing cities like Visakhapatnam.

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 Keywords

Sustainable Transportation, GIS, Remote Sensing, Emission Modeling, Mode Share, Public Transport Planning, Urban Mobility, Visakhapatnam, Accessibility, Land Use Integration.

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ABSTRACT Background: Regulatory bodies are essential to ensuring safety, quality, and ethical practices in healthcare. In India, despite a complex array of oversight institutions, overlapping roles, fragmented mandates, and regulatory gaps persist. This study performs a comparative, evidence-based review of key international and Indian healthcare regulatory bodies to identify strengths, inefficiencies, and actionable opportunities for systemic reform. Methods: This narrative review follows SANRA guidelines and employs a structured methodological framework. Data were sourced from 2018 to 2024 using peer-reviewed journals (PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar), official publications of global institutions (WHO [1], ISO [2], IAEA), Indian agencies (NMC [3], AERB [5], BIS [4]), and policy documents from government portals. Thematic analysis was conducted across four dimensions: jurisdictional scope, functional responsibilities, digital integration, and implementation challenges. Stringent inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to ensure quality. Results: India's regulatory ecosystem remains fragmented, characterized by bureaucratic inertia, limited digital interoperability, and inconsistent enforcement. In contrast, international models exhibit centralized oversight, advanced digital governance, and real-time data sharing. Case examples from the AERB [5], NMC [3], and BIS [4] highlight gaps in compliance and operational efficiency. The Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM [6]) represents a promising step forward, despite implementation barriers. Conclusion: India must transition to a unified, evidence-based regulatory framework aligned with global best practices. Key reforms include the creation of a National Regulatory Convergence Commission (NRCC), mandatory digital licensing and audits, and AI-driven compliance monitoring. These strategies can enhance transparency, improve healthcare service quality, and strengthen public trust.

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 Keywords

Healthcare regulation, institutional governance, India, digital integration, healthcare policy, ABDM

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The increased usage of ICT, artificial smart intelligence, modern tools and techniques, huge data base of digital learning resources necessitates for modern collaborative libraries both in urban and rural areas to provide for equal opportunity for learning and growth. These Gen-Z libraries become very important for meeting the growing need of customised hassle-free environment for young learners in rural areas. This research paper aims to analyse the impact of modern collaborative libraries on rural students' engagement and learning outcomes. The responses of 512 rural students pursuing higher education in rural regions have been considered for the analysis. The results obtained show the transformative impact of rural libraries and underscores the need for infrastructural support and financial aid for capacity building of rural communities.

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 Keywords

Modern collaborative libraries, learning, engagement, outcome, students, environment

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Zooplankton, Tighra Reservoir.

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With an emphasis on how these technologies improve engagement, lessen cognitive overload, and promote learner well-being, this study investigates the idea of free of stress learning in virtual reality (VR) and immersive settings. Because of their inflexible architecture and passive learning styles, traditional educational techniques frequently cause stress. Immersion VR environments, on the other hand, provide individualized, experienced, and interactive learning that suits each learner's tastes and speed.

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Stress-free learning, media education, immersive learning, virtual reality

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Herbal plants have been used for centuries in various disease conditions due to their medicinal properties. Abhal (Juniperus communis) is one of the important medicinal plant berries, which is blackish-red in color with impressive therapeutic benefits and has been in use for thousands of years in Unani as a diuretic, antiseptic, migraine treatment, rheumatic arthritis treatment, gout treatment, gastrointestinal problem treatment, and female contraceptive. Juniperus communis L. belongs to the Cupressaceae family and is an evergreen aromatic shrub. The berries of Abhal include numerous chemical components, including a wide range of phenolic compounds, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and essential and volatile oils. There are lots of researches performed to evaluate its chemical constituents and pharmacological activities like analgesic, diuretic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, antiparkinsonian, etc. The objective is to report Abhal in classical Unani literature, pharmacology, and Unani formulation and to make an effort to prove the strengths of Abhal mentioned in classical Unani literature.

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Juniperus communis, chemical constituent, pharmacology, Unani classical literature

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Water is a vital natural resource essential for sustaining life and ecological balance on Earth. Lentic ecosystems, including lakes, ponds, and reservoirs, represent key freshwater habitats that support biodiversity, human livelihoods, and ecological processes. However, these systems are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic activities such as industrial discharge, agricultural runoff, and urban wastewater, which deteriorate the physicochemical quality of water. Changes in temperature, dissolved oxygen, nutrient levels, and other parameters directly affect aquatic organisms and ecosystem health, often leading to eutrophication and habitat degradation. In India, lentic water bodies span diverse climatic and geographic regions, from Himalayan high-altitude lakes to tropical lowland ponds, each exhibiting unique physicochemical characteristics. Understanding these parameters is essential for effective water quality assessment, ecosystem management, and conservation planning. This review aims to synthesize research findings on the physicochemical properties of various Indian lentic ecosystems, highlighting the environmental challenges and the need for sustainable freshwater resource management.

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Physicochemical parameters, Lentic ecosystems, Freshwater ponds, water pollution.

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This review provides a comprehensive exploration of the Arsenicum album, a homoeopathic remedy derived from arsenic trioxide. It covers its historical significance, preparation methods, and therapeutic applications across various health conditions. The article discusses arsenic's pharmacological aspects, detailing acute and chronic toxicity while highlighting global health concerns due to arsenic-contaminated water. The medicinal use of arsenic, from ancient civilizations to modern cancer treatments, is outlined. Insights into its effects on plant and animal models showcase potential detoxification and therapeutic properties. Clinical research findings support its efficacy in treating diverse conditions, including COVID-19. The review emphasizes the need for ongoing research to fully understand its multifaceted nature.

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Arsenicum album, Homoeopathic remedy, Therapeutic applications, Arsenic toxicity. Clinical research

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of an information booklet on knowledge regarding venous thromboembolism (VTE) and its management among staff nurses at a selected hospital in Indore, Madhya Pradesh. A quantitative pre-experimental one-group pre-test post-test design was adopted, involving 60 staff nurses selected through non-probability purposive sampling. Data were collected using a structured knowledge questionnaire administered before and after the distribution of an information booklet. The mean pre-test knowledge score was 10.3, which increased to 19.37 in the post-test, indicating a statistically significant improvement. The findings demonstrate that the information booklet was effective in enhancing the knowledge of staff nurses regarding VTE and its management. Therefore, structured educational tools like information booklets can be valuable in improving clinical awareness and nursing practices.

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Effectiveness, venous thromboembolism, staff nurses, knowledge, information booklet, nursing education.

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"A study on interpersonal behavior of Student Teachers in relation to their social adjustment". The result of the present study reveals that the level of interpersonal behavior which is moderately highly, and social adjustment are also high. So, this study gives recommendations to the teacher educators that if all the three variables like interpersonal behavior, social adjustment are developed to the optimum level by the teacher educators, then their profession will be noble and great.

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Interpersonal behavior, Social adjustment

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The rapid expansion of the construction industry in developing nations like India has been significantly driven by the influx of migrant workers. These workers, often moving from rural or economically backward regions, play a vital role in shaping urban landscapes by contributing their labor to residential, commercial, and infrastructure projects. Migrant labor forms a substantial portion of the workforce in the construction sector, which is one of the largest employment generators in the country. However, this reliance brings forth several challenges and impacts that affect not only the execution of construction projects but also the broader labor market and industry development. Migrant workers influence construction timelines, labor costs, and the quality of work. Their seasonal migration patterns can lead to labor shortages or surpluses, impacting project continuity and productivity. In the labor market, migration alters wage structures, creates informal employment conditions, and often results in the exploitation of unskilled labor. Furthermore, the development of the construction industry is deeply tied to the availability and management of this mobile workforce. Issues such as lack of social security, inadequate housing, poor working conditions, and limited access to healthcare and education for migrants pose challenges for inclusive and sustainable industry growth. This paper provides a focused overview of the impact of migrant workers on various facets of the construction sector. It highlights key trends, challenges, and opportunities while incorporating real-life case studies like the Delhi Metro and Mumbai's labor housing policies to understand the ground-level realities. The paper aims to inform planners, policymakers, and stakeholders about the need for structured labor management, improved living conditions, and reforms that ensure long- term industry resilience and equitable growth.

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Migrant workers, Construction projects, Labor market, Industry development, Urbanization, Informal employment, Labor policy, Workforce mobility, Delhi Metro, Mumbai labor housing.

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Rapid urbanization has dramatically increased vehicle usage and accidents in cities across India, especially in urbanizing regions like Visakhapatnam. The absence of comprehensive safety assessments and infrastructure development has resulted in many locations that are susceptible to accidents. This study aims to develop a practical procedure for performing RSAs on urban roads, taking Visakhapatnam as a case study. The methodology consists of choosing primary urban corridors with the highest number of accidents, severity indices, and traffic volume from the dataset from 2020 to 2023. A comprehensive four-stage RSA process was implemented, indicating that these five zones were classified as high-risk zones with calculated hazard indices ranging from 3.2 to 7.8. Following the audit-focused interventions of adding better signs, designated pedestrian crossing areas, median barriers, and improvement of road surfaces in two pilot zones, post-analysis results indicated a 28.7% reduction in accidents and a 35.4% decline in severity-weighted measures of accidents. Regression-based predictive analysis confirmed the outcomes with 91.2% accuracy in comparison to historical accident data. The results confirmed that urban-focused RSAs improve road safety significantly. The suggested. The proposed model for Visakhapatnam offers a scalable and replicable framework for other Indian cities aiming to integrate safety audits into urban transportation planning and design processes.

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 Keywords

Road Safety Audit, Urban Roads, Visakhapatnam, Accident Analysis, Hazard Index, Safety Improvement, Predictive Accuracy.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Mobile payment apps have become a convenient mode of digital transactions, but users face several challenges. This study, conducted among 100 respondents in Tirupur district, aims to analyze these challenges using Simple Percentage Analysis, Chi-Square Test, and Weighted Average Ranking Method. The findings reveal that security concerns, transaction failures, and poor internet connectivity are the major issues, along with complex interfaces, hidden charges, and limited merchant acceptance. The Chi-Square Test shows a relation between demographic factors and user preferences, while the Weighted Average Ranking Method ranks security as the top concern. The study concludes that addressing these challenges by improving security, transaction reliability, app usability and merchant acceptance will enhance user satisfaction and boost adoption.

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Mobile Payment Apps, User Challenges, Chi-Square Test, Weighted Average Ranking Method, Tirupur District, Digital Payments, etc.,

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Rhinosporidiosis, is a chronic granulomatous disease presenting as a polypoidal mass in the nasal cavity and nasopharynx caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi and is endemic in India and Sri Lanka. Diagnosis is mainly by clinical observations and is confirmed by histopathology. We report a case of atypical rhinosporidiosis that presented as an oropharyngeal mass and mimicked chronic tonsillitis. Hence possibility of this atypical rhinosporidiosis should be included in the clinical differential diagnosis of any posterior oral or oropharyngeal mass, particularly when managing patients from rural endemic areas.

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Naso-oropharyngeal rhinosporidiosis, oropharyngeal mass, rhinosporidium seebri

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In almost all nations with demographic trends at a low as well as low per capita incomes and income inequality, poverty more specifically the effects of social poverty are certainly a seriously posing challenge to be prioritizing headed to. Poverty is commonly understood as a state of socially perceived deprivation concerning fundamental human needs. These essential subsistence fundamentals encompass adequate nutrition, proper clothing, sufficient shelter, access to healthcare, basic education, and mobility for social engagement and economic participation. This highlights poverty as a multidimensional issue extending beyond mere financial constraints. An attempt has been made in this Paper not merely to delve into and analyze the poverty estimates statistically but be more inductive and macro in approach in dealing with and assessing the causes, situational status and tackling of this grave issue which creates socio-economic divides, gender discrimination, income discrepancies and stagnating progression. In a way of speaking, combating and eradicating this complex problem is no doubt a long run effort. However, timely policies, coordinated approach and actionable process are also an economic imperative.

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Social Inclusion, Inequality, Livelihood Security, Empowerment, Income Levels

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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This paper presents an experimental investigation into the flexural performance of built-up cold-formed steel (CFS) closed-section beams under four-point bending, with a focus on the effect of composite action using Expanded Polystyrene Lightweight Concrete (EPS-LWC). Three full-scale beams were examined: a bare steel built-up section and two composite variants utilizing the same steel cross-sectional area. The first composite beam (Beam-2) was fully infilled and externally encased with EPS-LWC to assess the contribution of composite interaction. The second composite beam (Beam-3) included a novel configuration featuring outward-facing lipped flanges embedded within the concrete matrix, intended to enhance mechanical interlock and strain transfer. Experimental results showed that EPS-LWC encasement significantly improved the flexural capacity, stiffness, and ductility of the CFS beam. Moreover, Beam-3 demonstrated superior performance over Beam-2, attributed to improved interface bonding and strain compatibility through the lipped flange interlock. These findings confirm the structural viability of EPS-LWC for composite steel applications and highlight the potential of flange detailing innovations in maximizing composite action in thin-walled CFS members.

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Cold-formed steel (CFS), EPS-LWC, composite action, flexural behavior, lipped flange interlock, lightweight concrete, built-up beams

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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H5N1 [AVIAN FLU] is a type of influenza virus that causes a highly infectious, severe respiratory disease in birds called avian influenza (or "bird flu"). Human cases of H5N1 avian influenza occur occasionally, but it is difficult to transmit the infection from person to person. It is a highly pathogenic avian influenza {HPAI}. When people do become infected, the mortality rate is about 60%. INFLUENZA [bird flu], A subtype H5N1 has represented a growing alarm since its recent identification in Asia. Previously thought to infect only wild birds and poultry, H5N1 has now infected humans, cats, pigs and other mammals in an ongoing outbreak, often with a fatal outcome. In order to evaluate the risk factors for human infection with influenza virus H5N1, here we summarize 53 case patients confirmed with H5N1 infection during 2006. The review also compares the mortality rate among human cases from late 2003 until 15 June 2006 in different countries. Neither how these viruses are transmitted to humans nor the most effective way to reduce the risk for infection is fully understood. A wide range of serological and molecular methods have substantially aided in the identification of bird flu in humans. Candidate vaccines have been developed, yet are not ready for widespread use. Oseltamivir (brand name: Tamiflu) is the preferred drug for the management of human Influenza-like illness (ILI). Surveillance, mass awareness and pandemic preparedness abiding WHO recommendations are of paramount importance for the prevention of bird flu outbreaks.

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Avian influenza flu [AIV], Avian flu, Bird flu, H5N1, Oseltamivir.

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The study found a significant difference in attitudes towards dairy products among different age groups, rejecting the null hypothesis. However, the effect of education level on consumer attitude was not statistically significant, and income did not significantly affect attitudes. Age did not significantly influence buying intent, while education did not significantly influence it. Income had a statistically significant effect on buying intent. The results suggest that age has a significant impact on consumer behaviour towards dairy products, but education level and income do not significantly influence consumer behaviour.

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buying intention, attitude towards dairy product, consumer behaviour.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition